{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:12:36Z","timestamp":1779887556091,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]],"date-time":"2017-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505952000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Velux Fonden (DK)","award":["33295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["33295"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Informatica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00236-017-0303-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]],"date-time":"2017-09-21T04:26:43Z","timestamp":1505968003000},"page":"489-520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Replication, refinement & reachability: complexity in dynamic condition-response graphs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4385-1409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Debois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas T.","family":"Hildebrandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tijs","family":"Slaats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"303_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, G., Rathke, J.: Dynamic software update for message passing programs. In: Jhala, R., Igarashi, A. (eds.) APLAS, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7705, pp. 207\u2013222 (2012)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35182-2_15"},{"key":"303_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arbach, Y., Karcher, D., Peters, K., Nestmann, U.: Dynamic causality in event structures. In: Graf, S., Viswanathan, M. (eds.) Formal Techniques for Distributed Objects, Components, and Systems: 35th IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference, FORTE 2015, Held as Part of the 10th International Federated Conference on Distributed Computing Techniques, DisCoTec 2015, Grenoble, France, June 2\u20134, 2015, Proceedings, Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 83\u201397. doi: 10.1007\/978-3-319-19195-9_6 (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19195-9_6"},{"key":"303_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1006\/inco.2001.3060","volume":"171","author":"P Baldan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Baldan, P., Corradini, A., Montanari, U.: Contextual Petri nets, asymmetric event structures, and processes. Inf. Comput. 171, 149 (2001). doi: 10.1006\/inco.2001.3060","journal-title":"Inf. Comput."},{"key":"303_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barthe, G., Pardo, A., Schneider, G. (eds.): Software Engineering and Formal Methods\u20149th International Conference, SEFM 2011, Montevideo, Uruguay, November 14\u201318, 2011. Proceedings, LNCS, vol. 7041, Springer (2011)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24690-6"},{"key":"303_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bravetti, M., Di\u00a0Giusto, C., P\u00e9rez, J.A., Zavattaro, G.: Steps on the road to component evolvability. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Formal Aspects of Component Software, FACS\u201910, pp. 295\u2013299. doi: 10.1007\/978-3-642-27269-1_19 (2012a)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-27269-1_19"},{"key":"303_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bravetti, M., Giusto, C.D., P\u00e9rez, J.A., Zavattaro, G.: Adaptable processes. Log. Methods Comput. Sci. 8(4) (2012b)","DOI":"10.2168\/LMCS-8(4:13)2012"},{"key":"303_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.4204\/EPTCS.87.5","volume":"87","author":"M Carbone","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carbone, M., Hildebrandt, T.T., Perrone, G., Wasowski, A.: Refinement for transition systems with responses. FIT, EPTCS 87, 48\u201355 (2012)","journal-title":"FIT, EPTCS"},{"key":"303_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Debois, S., Hildebrandt, T., Marquard, M., Slaats, T.: A case for declarative process modelling: agile development of a grant application system. In: EDOCW\/AdaptiveCM \u201914, IEEE, pp. 126\u2013133 (2014a). doi: 10.1109\/EDOCW.2014.27","DOI":"10.1109\/EDOCW.2014.27"},{"key":"303_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Debois, S., Hildebrandt, T.T., Slaats, T., Yoshida, N.: Type checking liveness for collaborative processes with bounded and unbounded recursion. FORTE, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 8461, 1\u201316 (2014c)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-43613-4_1"},{"key":"303_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Debois, S., Hildebrandt, T.T., Slaats, T.: Hierarchical declarative modelling with refinement and sub-processes. In: Business Process Management\u201412th International Conference, BPM 2014, Haifa, Israel, September 7\u201311, 2014. Proceedings, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 8659, pp 18\u201333 (2014b). doi: 10.1007\/978-3-319-10172-9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10172-9"},{"key":"303_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Debois, S., Hildebrandt, T., Slaats, T.: Safety, liveness and run-time refinement for modular process-aware information systems with dynamic sub processes. In: FM 2015, Springer, no. 9109 in LNCS, pp. 143\u2013160. doi: 10.1007\/978-3-319-19249-9_10 (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19249-9_10"},{"key":"303_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eshuis, R., Debois, S., Slaats, T., Hildebrandt, T.T.: Deriving consistent GSM schemas from DCR graphs. In: Sheng, Q.Z., Stroulia, E., Tata, S., Bhiri, S. (eds.) Service-Oriented Computing\u201414th International Conference, ICSOC 2016, Banff, AB, Canada, October 10\u201313, 2016, Proceedings, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9936, pp. 467\u2013482. doi: 10.1007\/978-3-319-46295-0_29 (2016)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46295-0_29"},{"key":"303_CR13","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Application and Theory of Petri Nets 1997","author":"J Esparza","year":"1997","unstructured":"Esparza, J., Melzer, S.: Model checking LTL using constraint programming. In: Azma, P., Balbo, G. (eds.) Application and Theory of Petri Nets 1997. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1248, pp. 1\u201320. Springer, Berlin (1997)"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"303_CR14","first-page":"103","volume":"68","author":"H Fecher","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fecher, H., Majster-Cederbaum, M.: Event structures for arbitrary disruption. Fundam. Inf. 68(1\u20132), 103\u2013130 (2005)","journal-title":"Fundam. Inf."},{"key":"303_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hildebrandt, T.T., Marquard, M., Mukkamala, R.R., Slaats, T.: Dynamic condition response graphs for trustworthy adaptive case management. In: OTM Workshops, Springer, LNCS, vol. 8186, pp. 166\u2013171 (2013a)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-41033-8_23"},{"key":"303_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hildebrandt, T.T., Mukkamala, R.R., Slaats, T.: Nested dynamic condition response graphs. In: FSEN, Springer, LNCS, vol. 7141, pp. 343\u2013350 (2011)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29320-7_23"},{"key":"303_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.4204\/EPTCS.69.5","volume":"69","author":"TT Hildebrandt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hildebrandt, T.T., Mukkamala, R.R.: Declarative event-based workflow as distributed dynamic condition response graphs. PLACES, EPTCS 69, 59\u201373 (2010)","journal-title":"PLACES, EPTCS"},{"issue":"5\u20137","key":"303_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlap.2013.05.005","volume":"82","author":"TT Hildebrandt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hildebrandt, T.T., Mukkamala, R.R., Slaats, T., Zanitti, F.: Contracts for cross-organizational workflows as timed dynamic condition response graphs. J. Log. Algebr. Program. 82(5\u20137), 164\u2013185 (2013b)","journal-title":"J. Log. Algebr. Program."},{"issue":"12","key":"303_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3975(95)00120-4","volume":"153","author":"P Hoogers","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hoogers, P., Kleijn, H., Thiagarajan, P.: An event structure semantics for general Petri nets. Theor. Comput. Sci. 153(12), 129\u2013170 (1996)","journal-title":"Theor. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"303_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hull, R., Damaggio, E., Fournier, F., Gupta, M., Heath, F.T., Hobson, S., Linehan, M.H., Maradugu, S., Nigam, A., Sukaviriya, P., Vacul\u00edn, R.: Introducing the guard-stage-milestone approach for specifying business entity lifecycles. In: WS-FM, Springer, LNCS, vol. 6551, pp. 1\u201324 (2010)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19589-1_1"},{"key":"303_CR21","unstructured":"Janneck, J.W., Esser, R.: Higher-order Petri net modelling: techniques and applications. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets: Formal Methods in Software Engineering and Defence Systems, CRPIT \u201902, pp. 17\u201325 (2002)"},{"key":"303_CR22","unstructured":"Katoen, J.P.: Quantitative and qualitative extensions of event structures. Ph.D. thesis, University of Twente, Enschede (1996)"},{"key":"303_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lanese, I., Lienhardt, M., Mezzina, C.A., Schmitt, A., Stefani, J.: Concurrent flexible reversibility. In: Felleisen, M., Gardner, P. (eds.) Programming Languages and Systems\u201422nd European Symposium on Programming, ESOP 2013, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2013, Rome, Italy, March 16\u201324, 2013. Proceedings, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7792, pp. 370\u2013390 (2013). doi: 10.1007\/978-3-642-37036-6_21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-37036-6_21"},{"key":"303_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Langerak, R., Brinksma, E., Katoen, J.P.: Causal ambiguity and partial orders in event structures. In: CONCUR \u201997, LNCS, vol. 1243, Springer, pp. 317\u2013331 (1997). doi: 10.1007\/3-540-63141-0_22","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-63141-0_22"},{"key":"303_CR25","volume-title":"Transformations and Semantics for LOTOS","author":"R Langerak","year":"1992","unstructured":"Langerak, R.: Transformations and Semantics for LOTOS. Universiteit Twente, Enschede (1992)"},{"key":"303_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latvala, T., Mkel, M.: LTL model checking for modular Petri nets. In: Applications and Theory of Petri Nets 2004, LNCS, vol. 3099, Springer, pp. 298\u2013311 (2004)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-27793-4_17"},{"key":"303_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marquard, M., Shahzad, M., Slaats, T.: Web-based modelling and collaborative simulation of declarative processes. In: Business Process Management\u201413th International Conference, BPM 2015, Innsbruck, Austria, August 31\u2013September 3, 2015, Proceedings, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9253, pp. 209\u2013225 (2015). doi: 10.1007\/978-3-319-23063-4_15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-23063-4_15"},{"key":"303_CR28","volume-title":"Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines","author":"ML Minsky","year":"1967","unstructured":"Minsky, M.L.: Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River (1967)"},{"key":"303_CR29","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-14538-4","volume-title":"Specification and Verification of Declarative Open Interaction Models\u2014A Logic-Based Approach","author":"M Montali","year":"2010","unstructured":"Montali, M.: Specification and Verification of Declarative Open Interaction Models\u2014A Logic-Based Approach. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Springer, Berlin (2010)"},{"key":"303_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukkamala, R.R., Hildebrandt, T., Slaats, T.: Towards trustworthy adaptive case management with dynamic condition response graphs. In: EDOC, IEEE, pp. 127\u2013136 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/EDOC.2013.22"},{"key":"303_CR31","unstructured":"Mukkamala, R.R.: A formal model for declarative workflows: dynamic condition response graphs. Ph.D. thesis, IT University of Copenhagen (2012)"},{"key":"303_CR32","unstructured":"Object Management Group BPMN Technical Committee.: Business Process Model and Notation, version 2.0. http:\/\/www.omg.org\/spec\/BPMN\/2.0.2\/PDF (2013)"},{"key":"303_CR33","unstructured":"Object Management Group CMMN Technical Committee.: Case Management Model and Notation, version 1.1. http:\/\/www.omg.org\/spec\/CMMN\/1.1\/PDF (2016)"},{"key":"303_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, D.: Concurrency and automata on infinite sequences. In: Proceedings of the 5th GI-Conference on Theoretical Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, London, UK, UK, pp. 167\u2013183 (1981). http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=647210.720030","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0017309"},{"issue":"2","key":"303_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3975(94)00174-H","volume":"138","author":"G Pinna","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pinna, G., Poign\u00e9, A.: On the nature of events: another perspective in concurrency. Theor. Comput. Sci. 138(2), 425\u2013454 (1995). doi: 10.1016\/0304-3975(94)00174-H . meeting on the mathematical foundation of programing semantics","journal-title":"Theor. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"303_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2013.11.019","volume":"97","author":"MD Preda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Preda, M.D., Gabbrielli, M., Giallorenzo, S., Lanese, I., Mauro, J.: Developing correct, distributed, adaptive software. Sci. Comput. Program. 97, 41\u201346 (2015). doi: 10.1016\/j.scico.2013.11.019","journal-title":"Sci. Comput. Program."},{"key":"303_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30409-5","volume-title":"Enabling Flexibility in Process-Aware Information Systems\u2014Challenges, Methods, Technologies","author":"M Reichert","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reichert, M., Weber, B.: Enabling Flexibility in Process-Aware Information Systems\u2014Challenges, Methods, Technologies. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)"},{"key":"303_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rohloff, K., Loyall, J., Pal, P., Schantz, R.: High-assurance distributed, adaptive software for dynamic systems. In: 10th IEEE High Assurance Systems Engineering Symposium (HASE \u201907), pp. 385\u2013386 (2007). doi: 10.1109\/HASE.2007.17","DOI":"10.1109\/HASE.2007.17"},{"key":"303_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sibertin-Blanc, C., Mauran, P., Padiou, G.: Safe adaptation of component coordination. In: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Coordination and Adaption Techniques for Software Entities, vol. 189, pp. 69\u201385 (2007)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcs.2007.05.048"},{"key":"303_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Slaats, T., Mukkamala, R.R., Hildebrandt, T.T., Marquard, M.: Exformatics declarative case management workflows as DCR graphs. In: BPM, Springer, LNCS, vol. 8094, pp. 339\u2013354 (2013)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40176-3_28"},{"key":"303_CR41","unstructured":"Slaats, T.: Flexible process notations for cross-organizational case management systems. Ph.D. thesis, IT University of Copenhagen (2015)"},{"issue":"1","key":"303_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218126698000043","volume":"8","author":"WMP Aalst van der","year":"1998","unstructured":"van der Aalst, W.M.P.: The application of Petri nets to workflow management. J. Circuits Syst. Comput. 8(1), 21\u201366 (1998)","journal-title":"J. Circuits Syst. Comput."},{"key":"303_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van Glabbeek, R., Plotkin, G.: Event structures for resolvable conflict. In: Fiala, J., Koubek, V., Kratochv\u00edl, J. (eds.) Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science 2004: 29th International Symposium, MFCS 2004, Prague, Czech Republic, August 22\u201327, 2004. Proceedings, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 550\u2013561 (2004). doi: 10.1007\/978-3-540-28629-5_42","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-28629-5_42"},{"key":"303_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Glabbeek, R., Vaandrager, F.: Bundle event structures and CCSP. In: CONCUR 2003\u2014Concurrency Theory, LNCS, vol. 2761, Springer, pp. 57\u201371 (2003)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45187-7_4"},{"key":"303_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van\u00a0der Aalst, W.M.P., Pesic, M.: DecSerFlow: towards a truly declarative service flow language. In: WS-FM 2006, Springer, LNCS, vol. 4184, pp. 1\u201323 (2006)","DOI":"10.1007\/11841197_1"},{"key":"303_CR46","unstructured":"van\u00a0der Aalst, W.M.P., Pesic, M., Schonenberg, H., Westergaard, M., Maggi, F.M.: Declare. Webpage. http:\/\/www.win.tue.nl\/declare\/ (2010)"},{"key":"303_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van\u00a0der Aalst, W.M.P., ter Hofstede, A.H.M., Weske, M.: Business process management: a survey. In: van\u00a0der Aalst, W.M.P., ter Hofstede, A.H.M., Weske, M. (eds.) Business Process Management, International Conference, BPM 2003, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, June 26\u201327, 2003, Proceedings, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2678, pp. 1\u201312 (2003)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44895-0_1"},{"key":"303_CR48","unstructured":"Winskel, G.: Event structures. In: Advances in Petri Nets. Springer, LNCS, vol. 255, pp. 325\u2013392 (1986)"},{"key":"303_CR49","unstructured":"Winskel, G.: Events in computation. Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh (1980)"},{"key":"303_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zugal, S., Soffer, P., Pinggera, J., Weber, B.: Expressiveness and understandability considerations of hierarchy in declarative business process models. In: BMMDS\/EMMSAD, Springer, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol. 113, pp. 167\u2013181 (2012)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31072-0_12"}],"container-title":["Acta Informatica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00236-017-0303-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00236-017-0303-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00236-017-0303-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T15:53:31Z","timestamp":1570118011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00236-017-0303-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00236-017-0303-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-5903","1432-0525"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-5903","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0525","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]]}}}