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It will allow monitoring of the state of the simulation via dashboards presenting real-time diagnostics within a\u00a0digital twin world. We present the state of the art for Earth system modeling in this context. Cross-domain data handling and fusion will make it possible to integrate model and observation data in the context of digital twins of the ocean. Domain-driven modularization of monolithic Earth system models allows one to recover interfaces for such a\u00a0cross-domain fusion. Reverse engineering with static and dynamic analysis enables modularization of Earth system models. 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