{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T04:37:33Z","timestamp":1775623053577,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]],"date-time":"2015-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]],"date-time":"2015-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["71263020 and 61363075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71263020 and 61363075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61273209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61273209"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OR Spectrum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00291-015-0420-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]],"date-time":"2015-10-13T04:43:07Z","timestamp":1444711387000},"page":"789-817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Hesitant fuzzy programming technique for multidimensional analysis of hesitant fuzzy preferences"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Xiaolu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zeshui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"420_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2013.08.024","volume":"255","author":"B Bedregal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bedregal B, Reiser R, Bustince H, Lopez-Molina C, Torra V (2014) Aggregation functions for typical hesitant fuzzy elements and the action of automorphisms. Inf Sci 255:82\u201399","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"420_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.06.015","volume":"38","author":"I Bereketli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bereketli I, Erol Genevois M, Esra Albayrak Y, Ozyol M (2011) WEEE treatment strategies\u2019 evaluation using fuzzy LINMAP method. Expert Syst Appl 38:71\u201379","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"420_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2013.02.012","volume":"45","author":"T-Y Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen T-Y (2013) An interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy LINMAP method with inclusion comparison possibilities and hybrid averaging operations for multiple criteria group decision making. Knowl Based Syst 45:134\u2013146","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"420_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2013.08.054","volume":"261","author":"T-Y Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen T-Y (2014) Interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy QUALIFLEX method with a likelihood-based comparison approach for multiple criteria decision analysis. Inf Sci 261:149\u2013169","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"420_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.10.054","volume":"297","author":"T-Y Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen T-Y (2015) An interval type-2 fuzzy LINMAP method with approximate ideal solutions for multiple criteria decision analysis. Inf Sci 297:50\u201379","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"420_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2013.03.034","volume":"240","author":"B Farhadinia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Farhadinia B (2013) Information measures for hesitant fuzzy sets and interval-valued hesitant fuzzy sets. Inf Sci 240:129\u2013144","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"420_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-48318-9","volume-title":"Multiple attribute decision making: methods and applications","author":"CL Hwang","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hwang CL, Yoon K (1981) Multiple attribute decision making: methods and applications. Springer, Berlin"},{"key":"420_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2013.06.019","volume":"13","author":"D-F Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li D-F, Wan S-P (2013) Fuzzy linear programming approach to multiattribute decision making with multiple types of attribute values and incomplete weight information. Appl Soft Comput 13:4333\u20134348","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"420_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2013.10.036","volume":"41","author":"D-F Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li D-F, Wan S-P (2014) Fuzzy heterogeneous multiattribute decision making method for outsourcing provider selection. Expert Syst Appl 41:3047\u20133059","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"420_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2003.08.007","volume":"158","author":"D-F Li","year":"2004","unstructured":"Li D-F, Yang J-B (2004) Fuzzy linear programming technique for multiattribute group decision making in fuzzy environments. Inf Sci 158:263\u2013275","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"420_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2010.01.017","volume":"180","author":"D-F Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li D-F, Chen G-H, Huang Z-G (2010) Linear programming method for multiattribute group decision making using IF sets. Inf Sci 180:1591\u20131609","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"420_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(95)00121-2","volume":"98","author":"KS Park","year":"1997","unstructured":"Park KS, Kim SH (1997) Tools for interactive multiattribute decisionmaking with incompletely identified information. Eur J Oper Res 98:111\u2013123","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"420_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1080\/18756891.2015.1001947","volume":"8","author":"Z Pei","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pei Z, Yi L (2015) A note on operations of hesitant fuzzy sets. Int J Comput Intell Syst 8:226\u2013239","journal-title":"Int J Comput Intell Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"420_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/int.21654","volume":"29","author":"RM Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez RM, Mart\u00ednez L, Torra V, Xu ZS, Herrera F (2014) Hesitant fuzzy sets: state of the art and future directions. Int J Comput Intell Syst 29(6):495\u2013524","journal-title":"Int J Comput Intell Syst"},{"key":"420_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2008.02.001","volume":"8","author":"S Sadi-Nezhad","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sadi-Nezhad S, Akhtari P (2008) Possibilistic programming approach for fuzzy multidimensional analysis of preference in group decision making. Appl Soft Comput 8:1703\u20131711","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"420_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291658","volume":"38","author":"V Srinivasan","year":"1973","unstructured":"Srinivasan V, Shocker AD (1973) Linear programming techniques for multidimensional analysis of preferences. Psychometrika 38:337\u2013369","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"420_CR17","first-page":"529","volume":"25","author":"V Torra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Torra V (2010) Hesitant fuzzy sets. Int J Intell Syst 25:529\u2013539","journal-title":"Int J Intell Syst"},{"key":"420_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2012.12.002","volume":"41","author":"S-P Wan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wan S-P, Li D-F (2013) Fuzzy LINMAP approach to heterogeneous MADM considering comparisons of alternatives with hesitation degrees. Omega 41:925\u2013940","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"420_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2012.754553","volume":"51","author":"XJ Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang XJ, Chan HK (2013) A hierarchical fuzzy TOPSIS approach to assess improvement areas when implementing green supply chain initiatives. Int J Prod Res 51:3117\u20133130","journal-title":"Int J Prod Res"},{"key":"420_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2012.07.007","volume":"39","author":"Z-J Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang Z-J, Li KW (2012) An interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy multiattribute group decision making framework with incomplete preference over alternatives. Expert Syst Appl 39:13509\u201313516","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"420_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00291-013-0354-3","volume":"36","author":"JQ Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang JQ, Wang DD, Zhang HY, Chen XH (2014) Multi-criteria outranking approach with hesitant fuzzy sets. OR Spectr 36:1001\u20131019","journal-title":"OR Spectr"},{"key":"420_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2010.09.002","volume":"52","author":"MM Xia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xia MM, Xu ZS (2011) Hesitant fuzzy information aggregation in decision making. Int J Approx Reas 52:395\u2013407","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reas"},{"key":"420_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2011.01.028","volume":"181","author":"ZS Xu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xu ZS, Xia MM (2011a) Distance and similarity measures for hesitant fuzzy sets. Inf Sci 181:2128\u20132138","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"420_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1002\/int.20474","volume":"26","author":"ZS Xu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xu ZS, Xia MM (2011b) On distance and correlation measures of hesitant fuzzy information. Int J Intell Syst 26:410\u2013425","journal-title":"Int J Intell Syst"},{"key":"420_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2013.05.011","volume":"52","author":"ZS Xu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xu ZS, Zhang XL (2013) Hesitant fuzzy multi-attribute decision making based on TOPSIS with incomplete weight information. Knowl Based Syst 52:53\u201364","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"420_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","volume":"8","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zadeh LA (1965) Fuzzy sets. Inf Control 8:338\u2013353","journal-title":"Inf Control"},{"key":"420_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2013.01.002","volume":"234","author":"ZM Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang ZM (2013) Hesitant fuzzy power aggregation operators and their application to multiple attribute group decision making. Inf Sci 234:150\u2013181","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"420_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2012.10.002","volume":"37","author":"N Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang N, Wei GW (2013) Extension of VIKOR method for decision making problem based on hesitant fuzzy set. Appl Math Model 37(7):4938\u20134947","journal-title":"Appl Math Model"},{"key":"420_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2014.02.006","volume":"61","author":"XL Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang XL, Xu ZS (2014) The TODIM analysis approach based on novel measured functions under hesitant fuzzy environment. Knowl Based Syst 61:48\u201358","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"420_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang XL, Xu ZS (2015) Hesitant fuzzy QUALIFLEX approach with a signed distance-based comparison method for multiple criteria decision analysis. Expert Syst Appl 42(2):873\u2013884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2014.08.056"},{"key":"420_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang H, Zheng Q, Liu T, Yang Z, Liu J (2013) A discrete region-based approach to improve the consistency of pair-wise comparison matrix. In: IEEE international conference on fuzzy systems, 1\u20137 July 2013","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZ-IEEE.2013.6622447"},{"issue":"1","key":"420_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2013.2245136","volume":"22","author":"B Zhu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhu B, Xu ZS (2014) Consistency measures for hesitant fuzzy linguistic preference relations. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 22(1):35\u201345","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"}],"container-title":["OR Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00291-015-0420-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00291-015-0420-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00291-015-0420-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00291-015-0420-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T15:00:31Z","timestamp":1684162831000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00291-015-0420-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["420"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00291-015-0420-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0171-6468","1436-6304"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0171-6468","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-6304","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 March 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}