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Our analysis is based on monthly data on nearly 12,000 individual stocks from 16 European economies over almost 30 years from 1990 to 2019. We find that the prediction of stock returns can be decisively improved through machine learning methods. The outperformance of individual (combined) machine learning models over the benchmark model is approximately 0.6% (0.7%) per month for the full cross-section of stocks. Furthermore, we find no model breakdowns, which suggests that investors do not incur additional risk from using machine learning methods compared to the traditional benchmark approach. Additionally, the superior performance of machine learning models is not due to substantially higher portfolio turnover. Further analyses suggest that machine learning models generate their added value particularly in bear markets when the average investor tends to lose money. Our results indicate that future research and practice should make more intensive use of machine learning techniques with respect to stock return prediction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00291-022-00693-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T11:03:52Z","timestamp":1664363032000},"page":"289-323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Machine learning techniques for cross-sectional equity returns\u2019 prediction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7148-2092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Fieberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Metko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Poddig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Loy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"315","key":"693_CR1","first-page":"595","volume":"61","author":"AA Afifi","year":"1966","unstructured":"Afifi AA, Elashoff RM (1966) Missing observations in multivariate statistics I. 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