{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T23:42:50Z","timestamp":1781307770606,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738972800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["444657906"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["444657906"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012320","name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OR Spectrum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>We consider the problem of collecting and processing waste material. At a production facility, a known amount of inventory is required for production (e.g., paper) for every period. Instead of new material, the facility relies on collected and processed waste material (e.g., paper waste). This material is collected from regional waste collection locations. The amount of waste material per location is uncertain, as is the quality of the collected waste, i.e., the resulting inventory when processing the material. If the inventory is insufficient at the end of a period, costly new material must be bought. Each period, decisions are made about how much waste material to collect from which location and how to route the collection vehicles accordingly. Ideally, inventory is built to hedge against quality uncertainty and to ensure efficient routing operations in future periods. We propose a stochastic lookahead method that samples a set of scenarios and solves a simplified two-stage stochastic program in every period. We show the value of our method for two case studies, one based on real-world data from Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany, and one from the literature with data from the United Kingdom. We further conduct a detailed analysis of our method and the problem characteristics. The results show that our method effectively anticipates all sources of uncertainty, reducing cost significantly compared to benchmark policies. This superior performance is due to appropriate state-dependent supplier selection that considers the percentage of material loss, available material, and routing cost for current and future periods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00291-025-00808-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T09:03:16Z","timestamp":1739005396000},"page":"699-742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Dynamic multi-period recycling collection routing with uncertain material quality"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Cuellar-Usaqu\u00e9n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2499-6570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlin W.","family":"Ulmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Antons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia C.","family":"Arlinghaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"808_CR1","unstructured":"AF, PA (2024) Advancing a sustainable future. https:\/\/www.afandpa.org\/"},{"key":"808_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2014.02.010","volume":"48","author":"M Albareda-Sambola","year":"2014","unstructured":"Albareda-Sambola M, Fern\u00e1ndez E, Laporte G (2014) The dynamic multiperiod vehicle routing problem with probabilistic information. Computers Operat Res 48:31\u201339","journal-title":"Computers Operat Res"},{"key":"808_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2020.102304","volume":"102","author":"A Alvarez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alvarez A, Cordeau JF, Jans R, Munari P, Morabito R (2021) Inventory routing under stochastic supply and demand. Omega 102:102304","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"808_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2022.102667","volume":"111","author":"A Alvarez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alvarez A, Miranda P, Rohmer SU (2022) Production routing for perishable products. Omega 111:102667","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"9","key":"808_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2009.11.009","volume":"37","author":"H Andersson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Andersson H, Hoff A, Christiansen M, Hasle G, L\u00f8kketangen A (2010) Industrial aspects and literature survey: combined inventory management and routing. Computers Operat Res 37(9):1515\u20131536","journal-title":"Computers Operat Res"},{"key":"808_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2015.03.014","volume":"61","author":"C Archetti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Archetti C, Jabali O, Speranza MG (2015) Multi-period vehicle routing problem with due dates. Computers Operat Res 61:122\u2013134","journal-title":"Computers Operat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"808_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.11.060","volume":"283","author":"L Bertazzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bertazzi L, Lagan\u00e0 D, Ohlmann JW, Paradiso R (2020) An exact approach for cyclic inbound inventory routing in a level production system. Europ J Operat Res 283(3):915\u2013928","journal-title":"Europ J Operat Res"},{"key":"808_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2020.107081","volume":"155","author":"K Bi\u00e7e","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bi\u00e7e K, Batun S (2021) Closed-loop supply chain network design under demand, return and quality uncertainty. Computers Indus Eng 155:107081","journal-title":"Computers Indus Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"808_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(94)00294-M","volume":"85","author":"JM Bloemhof-Ruwaard","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bloemhof-Ruwaard JM, van Beek P, Hordijk L, Van Wassenhove LN (1995) Interactions between operational research and environmental management. Europ J Operat Res 85(2):229\u2013243","journal-title":"Europ J Operat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"808_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seps.2014.02.001","volume":"48","author":"MB Bogh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bogh MB, Mikkelsen H, W\u00f8hlk S (2014) Collection of recyclables from cubes - a case study. Socio-Econ Plann Sci 48(2):127\u2013134","journal-title":"Socio-Econ Plann Sci"},{"key":"808_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2018.06.004","volume":"106","author":"J Brinkmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brinkmann J, Ulmer MW, Mattfeld DC (2019) Dynamic lookahead policies for stochastic-dynamic inventory routing in bike sharing systems. Computers Operat Res 106:260\u2013279","journal-title":"Computers Operat Res"},{"key":"808_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s40685-019-0100-z","volume":"13","author":"J Brinkmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brinkmann J, Ulmer MW, Mattfeld DC (2020) The multi-vehicle stochastic-dynamic inventory routing problem for bike sharing systems. Bus Res 13:69\u201392","journal-title":"Bus Res"},{"key":"808_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2023.109751","volume":"186","author":"J Chi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chi J, He S (2023) Improved benders-and-price algorithm for the multi-product assembly routing problem with time windows: adomain decomposition strategy for the benders-master model. Computers Indus Eng 186:109751","journal-title":"Computers Indus Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"808_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1287\/ijoc.2018.0817","volume":"31","author":"M Chitsaz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chitsaz M, Cordeau JF, Jans R (2019) A unified decomposition matheuristic for assembly, production, and inventory routing. INFORMS J Comput 31(1):134\u2013152","journal-title":"INFORMS J Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"808_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.10.007","volume":"282","author":"M Chitsaz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chitsaz M, Cordeau JF, Jans R (2020) A branch-and-cut algorithm for an assembly routing problem. Europ J Operat Res 282(3):896\u2013910","journal-title":"Europ J Operat Res"},{"key":"808_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2015.12.010","volume":"86","author":"BR Cobb","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cobb BR (2016) Inventory control for returnable transport items in a closed-loop supply chain. Transp Res Part E: Log Transp Rev 86:53\u201368","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E: Log Transp Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"808_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.2013.0472","volume":"48","author":"LC Coelho","year":"2014","unstructured":"Coelho LC, Cordeau JF, Laporte G (2014) Thirty years of inventory routing. Transp Sci 48(1):1\u201319","journal-title":"Transp Sci"},{"key":"808_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2017.08.008","volume":"106","author":"RA Cook","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cook RA, Lodree EJ (2017) Dispatching policies for last-mile distribution with stochastic supply and demand. Transp Res Part E: Log Transp Rev 106:353\u2013371","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E: Log Transp Rev"},{"key":"808_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2015.02.009","volume":"76","author":"JF Cordeau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cordeau JF, Dell\u2019Amico M, Falavigna S, Iori M (2015) A rolling horizon algorithm for auto-carrier transportation. Transp Res Part B: Methodol 76:68\u201380","journal-title":"Transp Res Part B: Methodol"},{"key":"808_CR20","volume-title":"Introduction to algorithms","author":"TH Cormen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cormen TH, Leiserson CE, Rivest RL, Stein C (2022) Introduction to algorithms. MIT press"},{"issue":"3","key":"808_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2024.06.011","volume":"318","author":"D Cuellar-Usaqu\u00e9n","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cuellar-Usaqu\u00e9n D, Ulmer MW, Gomez C, \u00c1lvarez Mart\u00ednez D (2024) Adaptive stochastic lookahead policies for dynamic multi-period purchasing and inventory routing. Europ J Operat Res 318(3):1028\u20131041","journal-title":"Europ J Operat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"808_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/itor.12985","volume":"30","author":"D Cuellar-Usaqu\u00e9n","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cuellar-Usaqu\u00e9n D, Gomez C, \u00c1lvarez-Mart\u00ednez D (2021) A grasp\/path-relinking algorithm for the traveling purchaser problem. Int Trans Operat Res 30(2):831\u2013857","journal-title":"Int Trans Operat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"808_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2017.08.059","volume":"266","author":"P De Bruecker","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Bruecker P, Beli\u00ebn J, De Boeck L, De Jaeger S, Demeulemeester E (2018) A model enhancement approach for optimizing the integrated shift scheduling and vehicle routing problem in waste collection. Europ J Operat Res 266(1):278\u2013290","journal-title":"Europ J Operat Res"},{"key":"808_CR24","volume-title":"Multi-period collection of recyclable materials in a multi-compartment vehicle under uncertainty","author":"M Elbek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Elbek M, Crainic TG, Rei W (2015) Multi-period collection of recyclable materials in a multi-compartment vehicle under uncertainty. Cirrelt"},{"issue":"2","key":"808_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2022.04.032","volume":"306","author":"D Fleckenstein","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fleckenstein D, Klein R, Steinhardt C (2023) Recent advances in integrating demand management and vehicle routing: a methodological review. Europ J Operat Res 306(2):499\u2013518","journal-title":"Europ J Operat Res"},{"key":"808_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.117304","volume":"202","author":"S Frifita","year":"2022","unstructured":"Frifita S, Afsar HM, Hnaien F (2022) A robust optimization approach for disassembly assembly routing problem under uncertain yields. Expert Syst Appl 202:117304","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"3","key":"808_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2014.07.012","volume":"240","author":"K Govindan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Govindan K, Soleimani H, Kannan D (2015) Reverse logistics and closed-loop supply chain: a comprehensive review to explore the future. Europ J Operat Res 240(3):603\u2013626","journal-title":"Europ J Operat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"808_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1057\/s41273-016-0002-4","volume":"11","author":"A Gruler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gruler A, Fikar C, Juan AA, Hirsch P, Contreras-Bolton C (2017) Supporting multi-depot and stochastic waste collection management in clustered urban areas via simulation-optimization. J Simul 11(1):11\u201319","journal-title":"J Simul"},{"key":"808_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2017.06.031","volume":"110","author":"MKK Habibi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Habibi MKK, Batta\u00efa O, Cung VD, Dolgui A (2017) An efficient two-phase iterative heuristic for collection-disassembly problem. Computers Indus Eng 110:505\u2013514","journal-title":"Computers Indus Eng"},{"issue":"8","key":"808_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2018.1519262","volume":"57","author":"MKK Habibi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Habibi MKK, Batta\u00efa O, Cung VD, Dolgui A, Tiwari MK (2019) Sample average approximation for multi-vehicle collection-disassembly problem under uncertainty. Int J Prod Res 57(8):2409\u20132428","journal-title":"Int J Prod Res"},{"key":"808_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123557","volume":"277","author":"M Hannan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hannan M, Hossain Lipu M, Akhtar M, Begum R, Al Mamun MA, Hussain A, Mia M, Basri H (2020) Solid waste collection optimization objectives, constraints, modeling approaches, and their challenges toward achieving sustainable development goals. J Clean Prod 277:123557","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"2","key":"808_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.2022.0435","volume":"58","author":"U Hasturk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hasturk U, Schrotenboer AH, Ursavas E, Roodbergen KJ (2024) Stochastic cyclic inventory routing with supply uncertainty: a case in green-hydrogen logistics. Transp Sci 58(2):315\u2013339","journal-title":"Transp Sci"},{"key":"808_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s10100-023-00892-y","volume":"32","author":"C Hess","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hess C, Dragomir AG, Doerner KF, Vigo D (2023) Waste collection routing: a survey on problems and methods. Central Europ J Operat Res 32:399\u2013434","journal-title":"Central Europ J Operat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"808_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2009.09.037","volume":"91","author":"MA Ilgin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ilgin MA, Gupta SM (2010) Environmentally conscious manufacturing and product recovery (ecmpro): a review of the state of the art. J Environ Manag 91(3):563\u2013591","journal-title":"J Environ Manag"},{"key":"808_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00291-005-0007-2","volume":"28","author":"K Inderfurth","year":"2006","unstructured":"Inderfurth K, Langella IM (2006) Heuristics for solving disassemble-to-order problems with stochastic yields. OR Spect 28:73\u201399","journal-title":"OR Spect"},{"key":"808_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3844\/jmssp.2009.199.205","volume":"5","author":"Z Ismail","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ismail Z, Loh SL (2009) 03. Ant colony optimization for solving solid waste collection scheduling problems. J Math Stat 5:199\u2013205","journal-title":"J Math Stat"},{"key":"808_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1007\/s12351-019-00538-5","volume":"21","author":"H Jammeli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jammeli H, Argoubi M, Masri H (2021) A bi-objective stochastic programming model for the household waste collection and transportation problem: case of the city of sousse. Operat Res 21:1613\u20131639","journal-title":"Operat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"808_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2023.07.008","volume":"313","author":"L Jieyu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jieyu L, Che A, Van Woensel T (2024) Collection-disassembly-delivery problem of disassembly centers in a reverse logistics network. Europ J Operat Res 313(2):478\u2013493","journal-title":"Europ J Operat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"808_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2023.02.037","volume":"310","author":"M Keskin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Keskin M, Branke J, Deineko V, Strauss AK (2023) Dynamic multi-period vehicle routing with touting. Europ J Operat Res 310(1):168\u2013184","journal-title":"Europ J Operat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"808_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2015.08.028","volume":"249","author":"E Keyvanshokooh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Keyvanshokooh E, Ryan SM, Kabir E (2016) Hybrid robust and stochastic optimization for closed-loop supply chain network design using accelerated benders decomposition. Europ J Operat Res 249(1):76\u201392","journal-title":"Europ J Operat Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"808_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2009.03.001","volume":"14","author":"H Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim H, Yang J, Lee KD (2009) Vehicle routing in reverse logistics for recycling end-of-life consumer electronic goods in south Korea. Transp Res Part D: Transp Environ 14(5):291\u2013299","journal-title":"Transp Res Part D: Transp Environ"},{"key":"808_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1007\/s11009-019-09759-9","volume":"22","author":"EG Kyriakidis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kyriakidis EG, Dimitrakos TD, Karamatsoukis CC (2020) A stochastic single vehicle routing problem with a predefined sequence of customers and collection of two similar materials. Method Comput Appl Probab 22:1559\u20131582","journal-title":"Method Comput Appl Probab"},{"key":"808_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laouini O, Slama I, Hnaien F, Jemai Z (2023) Two-stage stochastic program for capacitated disassembly lot-sizing under random yield. In: 2023 IEEE international conference on networking, sensing and control (ICNSC), Volume\u00a01, pp 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNSC58704.2023.10319035"},{"key":"808_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2019.05.026","volume":"110","author":"H Larrain","year":"2019","unstructured":"Larrain H, Coelho LC, Archetti C, Speranza MG (2019) Exact solution methods for the multi-period vehicle routing problem with due dates. Computers Operat Res 110:148\u2013158","journal-title":"Computers Operat Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"808_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.2021.0357","volume":"57","author":"Q Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Q, \u00dcster H, Zhang ZH (2023) A bilevel model for robust network design and biomass pricing under farmers\u2019 risk attitudes and supply uncertainty. Transp Sci 57(5):1296\u20131320","journal-title":"Transp Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"808_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2017.08.032","volume":"269","author":"K Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu K, Zhang ZH (2018) Capacitated disassembly scheduling under stochastic yield and demand. Europ J Operat Res 269(1):244\u2013257","journal-title":"Europ J Operat Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"808_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2020.1723815","volume":"59","author":"X Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu X, Chu F, Dolgui A, Zheng F, Liu M (2021) Service-oriented bi-objective robust collection-disassembly problem with equipment selection. Int J Prod Res 59(6):1676\u20131690","journal-title":"Int J Prod Res"},{"key":"808_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.06.224","volume":"197","author":"KT Malladi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malladi KT, Sowlati T (2018) Sustainability aspects in inventory routing problem: a review of new trends in the literature. J Clean Prod 197:804\u2013814","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"12","key":"808_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2016.07.670","volume":"49","author":"D Manerba","year":"2016","unstructured":"Manerba D, Mansini R (2016) The nurse routing problem with workload constraints and incompatible services. IFAC-PapersOnLine 49(12):1192\u20131197","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine"},{"key":"808_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2019.104798","volume":"113","author":"I Markov","year":"2020","unstructured":"Markov I, Bierlaire M, Cordeau JF, Maknoon Y, Varone S (2020) Waste collection inventory routing with non-stationary stochastic demands. Computers Operat Res 113:104798","journal-title":"Computers Operat Res"},{"key":"808_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.22190\/FUME190318021M","volume":"18","author":"D Markovi\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"Markovi\u0107 D, Petrovi\u0107 G, Cojbasic Z, Stankovic A (2020) The vehicle routing problem with stochastic demands in an urban area - a case study. Facta Universitatis, Ser: Mech Eng 18:107 (03)","journal-title":"Facta Universitatis, Ser: Mech Eng"},{"issue":"8","key":"808_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1080\/24725854.2020.1869870","volume":"53","author":"G Memi\u015fo\u011flu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Memi\u015fo\u011flu G, \u00dcster H (2021) Design of a biofuel supply network under stochastic and price-dependent biomass availability. IISE Trans 53(8):869\u2013882","journal-title":"IISE Trans"},{"issue":"9","key":"808_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.011","volume":"34","author":"M Mes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mes M, Schutten M, Rivera AP (2014) Inventory routing for dynamic waste collection. Waste Manag 34(9):1564\u20131576","journal-title":"Waste Manag"},{"key":"808_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2013.06.006","volume":"52","author":"A Mjirda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mjirda A, Jarboui B, Macedo R, Hanafi S, Mladenovi\u0107 N (2014) A two phase variable neighborhood search for the multi-product inventory routing problem. Computers Operat Res 52:291\u2013299","journal-title":"Computers Operat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"808_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2010.06.012","volume":"133","author":"NH Moin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moin NH, Salhi S, Aziz N (2011) An efficient hybrid genetic algorithm for the multi-product multi-period inventory routing problem. Int J Prod Econ 133(1):334\u2013343","journal-title":"Int J Prod Econ"},{"key":"808_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163925","volume":"886","author":"S Mousavi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mousavi S, Hosseinzadeh A, Golzary A (2023) Challenges, recent development, and opportunities of smart waste collection: a review. Sci Total Environ 886:163925","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"808_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/net.21523","volume":"63","author":"PC Nolz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nolz PC, Absi N, Feillet D (2014) A stochastic inventory routing problem for infectious medical waste collection. Networks 63(1):82\u201395","journal-title":"Networks"},{"key":"808_CR58","unstructured":"Pimster (2022) Rising paper prices: how to reduce costs? https:\/\/www.pimster.app\/blog-posts-en\/rising-paper-prices-how-to-reduce-costs"},{"key":"808_CR59","volume-title":"From reinforcement learning to optimal control: a unified framework for sequential decisions, handbook of reinforcement learning and control","author":"WB Powell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Powell WB (2021) From reinforcement learning to optimal control: a unified framework for sequential decisions, handbook of reinforcement learning and control. Springer"},{"issue":"12","key":"808_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(03)00158-8","volume":"31","author":"C Prins","year":"2004","unstructured":"Prins C (2004) A simple and effective evolutionary algorithm for the vehicle routing problem. Computers Operat Res 31(12):1985\u20132002","journal-title":"Computers Operat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"808_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0548(83)90030-8","volume":"10","author":"S Raff","year":"1983","unstructured":"Raff S (1983) 1. Routing and scheduling of vehicles and crews. Computers Operat Res 10(2):63\u2013211","journal-title":"Computers Operat Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"808_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7496","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2014.939237","volume":"52","author":"JL Rickli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rickli JL, Camelio JA (2014) Partial disassembly sequencing considering acquired end-of-life product age distributions. Int J Prod Res 52(24):7496\u20137512","journal-title":"Int J Prod Res"},{"key":"808_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2019.03.015","volume":"107","author":"S Rohmer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rohmer S, Claassen G, Laporte G (2019) A two-echelon inventory routing problem for perishable products. Computers Operat Res 107:156\u2013172","journal-title":"Computers Operat Res"},{"key":"808_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2023.109011","volume":"177","author":"K Sar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sar K, Ghadimi P (2023) A systematic literature review of the vehicle routing problem in reverse logistics operations. Computers Indust Eng 177:109011","journal-title":"Computers Indust Eng"},{"key":"808_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2022.105902","volume":"146","author":"Z Sasha Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sasha Dong Z, Xie C, Dai R, Hu S (2022) Resilient route design for collection of material from suppliers with split deliveries and stochastic demands. Computers Operat Res 146:105902","journal-title":"Computers Operat Res"},{"key":"808_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2020.107849","volume":"231","author":"HM Stellingwerf","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stellingwerf HM, Groeneveld LH, Laporte G, Kanellopoulos A, Bloemhof JM, Behdani B (2021) The quality-driven vehicle routing problem: model and application to a case of cooperative logistics. Int J Prod Econ 231:107849","journal-title":"Int J Prod Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"808_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.2020.2009","volume":"69","author":"A Subramanyam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Subramanyam A, Mufalli F, La\u00ednez-Aguirre JM, Pinto JM, Gounaris CE (2021) Robust multiperiod vehicle routing under customer order uncertainty. Operat Res 69(1):30\u201360","journal-title":"Operat Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"808_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1108\/02635579010140584","volume":"90","author":"Sushil","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sushil (1990) Waste management: a systems perspective. Indus Manag Data Syst 90(5):1\u201367","journal-title":"Indus Manag Data Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"808_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.2015.0663","volume":"51","author":"H \u00dcster","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u00dcster H, Hwang SO (2017) Closed-loop supply chain network design under demand and return uncertainty. Transp Sci 51(4):1063\u20131085","journal-title":"Transp Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"808_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.2017.0766","volume":"52","author":"H \u00dcster","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u00dcster H, Memi\u015fo\u011flu G (2018) Biomass logistics network design under price-based supply and yield uncertainty. Transp Sci 52(2):474\u2013492","journal-title":"Transp Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"808_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2009.12.002","volume":"37","author":"M Wen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wen M, Cordeau JF, Laporte G, Larsen J (2010) The dynamic multi-period vehicle routing problem. Computers Operat Res 37(9):1615\u20131623","journal-title":"Computers Operat Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"808_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1080\/01605682.2021.1911603","volume":"73","author":"F Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou F, He Y, Ma P, Lim MK, Pratap S (2022) Capacitated disassembly scheduling with random demand and operation time. J Operat Res Soc 73(6):1362\u20131378","journal-title":"J Operat Res Soc"}],"container-title":["OR Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00291-025-00808-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00291-025-00808-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00291-025-00808-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T08:03:07Z","timestamp":1759996987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00291-025-00808-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["808"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00291-025-00808-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0171-6468","1436-6304"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0171-6468","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-6304","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}