{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T10:27:22Z","timestamp":1780568842972,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Independent Research Fund Denmark","award":["DFF-6109-000132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFF-6109-000132"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Choice Welf"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00355-020-01259-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T16:06:48Z","timestamp":1592410008000},"page":"645-686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Multidimensional welfare comparisons of EU member states before, during, and after the financial crisis: a dominance approach"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"M. Azhar","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4935-7209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaj","family":"Siersb\u00e6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars Peter","family":"\u00d8sterdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1259_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-750X(01)00109-7","volume":"30","author":"S Alkire","year":"2002","unstructured":"Alkire S (2002) Dimensions of human development. World Dev 30(2):181\u2013205","journal-title":"World Dev"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"1259_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2010.11.006","volume":"95","author":"S Alkire","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alkire S, Foster J (2011a) Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. J Public Econ 95(7\u20138):476\u2013487","journal-title":"J Public Econ"},{"issue":"2","key":"1259_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s10888-011-9181-4","volume":"9","author":"S Alkire","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alkire S, Foster J (2011b) Understandings and misunderstandings of multidimensional poverty measurement. J Econ Inequal 9(2):289\u2013314","journal-title":"J Econ Inequal"},{"key":"1259_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199689491.001.0001","volume-title":"Multidimensional poverty measurement and analysis","author":"S Alkire","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alkire S, Foster J, Seth S, Santos ME, Roche JM, Ballon P (2015) Multidimensional poverty measurement and analysis. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"key":"1259_CR5","unstructured":"Alkire S, Apablaza M (2016) Multidimensional poverty in Europe 2006\u20132012: illustrating a methodology. OPHI Working Paper No 74, University of Oxford"},{"key":"1259_CR6","unstructured":"Alkire S, Apablaza M, Jung E (2014) Multidimensional poverty measurement for EU-SILC countries. OPHI Research in Progress 36c, University of Oxford"},{"issue":"3","key":"1259_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2003.10.006","volume":"23","author":"RA Allison","year":"2004","unstructured":"Allison RA, Foster JE (2004) Measuring health inequality using qualitative data. J Health Econ 23(3):505\u2013524","journal-title":"J Health Econ"},{"issue":"5","key":"1259_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.2307\/2171961","volume":"64","author":"G Anderson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Anderson G (1996) Nonparametric tests of stochastic dominance in income distributions. Econometrica 64(5):1183\u20131193","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"1259_CR9","volume-title":"Measuring poverty and wellbeing in developing countries","author":"C Arndt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arndt C, Tarp F (2017) Measuring poverty and wellbeing in developing countries. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"issue":"11","key":"1259_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2012.03.010","volume":"40","author":"C Arndt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Arndt C, Distante R, Hussain MA, \u00d8sterdal LP, Huong PL, Ibraimo M (2012) Ordinal welfare comparisons with multiple discrete indicators: a first order dominance approach and application to child poverty. World Dev 40(11):2290\u20132301","journal-title":"World Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1259_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/jid.3200","volume":"28","author":"C Arndt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arndt C, Hussain MA, Vincenzo S, Tarp F, \u00d8sterdal LP (2016) Poverty mapping based on first-order dominance with an example from Mozambique. J Int Dev 28(1):3\u201321","journal-title":"J Int Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1259_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2307\/1885930","volume":"85","author":"JK Arrow","year":"1971","unstructured":"Arrow JK (1971) A utilitarian approach to the concept of equality in public expenditures. Quart J Econ 85(3):409\u2013415","journal-title":"Quart J Econ"},{"key":"1259_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atkinson AB, Bourguignon F (1987) Income distribution and differences in need. In: Feiwek GR (ed) Arrow and the Foundations of the Theory of Economic Policy, Harvester Wheatsheaf. London UK","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-07357-3_13"},{"issue":"233","key":"1259_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/2555062","volume":"59","author":"AB Atkinson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Atkinson AB (1992) Measuring poverty and differences in family composition. Economica 59(233):1\u201316","journal-title":"Economica"},{"issue":"2","key":"1259_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.2307\/2297269","volume":"49","author":"AB Atkinson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Atkinson AB, Bourguignon F (1982) The comparison of multi-dimensioned distributions of economic status. Rev Econ Stud 49(2):183\u2013201","journal-title":"Rev Econ Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"1259_CR16","first-page":"479","volume":"123","author":"C Balestra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Balestra C, Ruiz N (2015) Scale-invariant measurement of inequality and welfare in ordinal achievements: an application to subjective well-being and education in OECD countries. Soc Choice Welf 123(2):479\u2013500","journal-title":"Soc Choice Welf"},{"issue":"1","key":"1259_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0262.00390","volume":"71","author":"GF Barrett","year":"2003","unstructured":"Barrett GF, Donald SG (2003) Consistent tests for stochastic dominance. Econometrica 71(1):71\u2013104","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"issue":"1","key":"1259_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4991.2012.00519.x","volume":"59","author":"W Bossert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bossert W, Chakravarty SR, D\u2019Ambrosio C (2013) Multidimensional poverty and material deprivation with discrete data. Rev Income Wealth 59(1):29\u201343","journal-title":"Rev Income Wealth"},{"issue":"1","key":"1259_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(89)90076-6","volume":"42","author":"F Bourguignon","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bourguignon F (1989) Family size and social utility: income distribution dominance criteria. J Econom 42(1):67\u201380","journal-title":"J Econom"},{"issue":"1","key":"1259_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023913831342","volume":"1","author":"F Bourguignon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bourguignon F, Chakravarty SR (2003) The measurement of multidimensional poverty. J Econ Inequal 1(1):25\u201349","journal-title":"J Econ Inequal"},{"issue":"1","key":"1259_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/002071529603700102","volume":"37","author":"C Buchmann","year":"1996","unstructured":"Buchmann C (1996) The debt crisis, structural adjustment and women\u2019s education: implications for status and social development. Int J Comp Sociol 37(1):5","journal-title":"Int J Comp Sociol"},{"key":"1259_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2013.10.004","volume":"178","author":"LY Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen LY, Szroeter J (2014) Testing multiple inequality hypotheses: a smoothed indicator approach. J Econom 178:678\u2013693","journal-title":"J Econom"},{"key":"1259_CR23","unstructured":"Copeland AH (1951) A \u201creasonable\u201d social welfare function. University of Michigan Seminar on Applications of Mathematics to the Social Sciences"},{"issue":"334","key":"1259_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/ecca.12232","volume":"84","author":"FA Cowell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cowell FA, Flachaire E (2017) Inequality with ordinal data. Economica 84(334):290\u2013321","journal-title":"Economica"},{"key":"1259_CR25","unstructured":"Crawford I (2005) A nonparametric test of stochastic dominance in multivariate distributions. Discussion Papers in Economics, DP 12\/05, University of Surrey"},{"issue":"6","key":"1259_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0262.00167","volume":"68","author":"R Davidson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Davidson R, Duclos JY (2000) Statistical inference for stochastic dominance and for the measurement of poverty and inequality. Econometrica 68(6):1435\u20131464","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"issue":"1","key":"1259_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1080\/07474938.2012.690332","volume":"32","author":"R Davidson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Davidson R, Duclos JY (2013) Testing for restricted stochastic dominance. Econom Rev 32(1):84\u2013125","journal-title":"Econom Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"1259_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1564-913X.2012.00151.x","volume":"151","author":"P De Beer","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Beer P (2012) Earnings and income inequality in the EU during the crisis. Int Labor Rev 151(4):313\u2013331","journal-title":"Int Labor Rev"},{"key":"1259_CR29","volume-title":"Quality of life in Europe. Life satisfaction in an enlarged Europe. European Foundation for the improvement of living and working conditions","author":"J Delhey","year":"2004","unstructured":"Delhey J (2004) Quality of life in Europe. Life satisfaction in an enlarged Europe. European Foundation for the improvement of living and working conditions. Office for Official Publications of the European Commission, Luxembourg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1259_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2010.12.002","volume":"30","author":"JY Duclos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Duclos JY, \u00c9chevin D (2011) Health and income: a robust comparison of Canada and the US. J Health Econ 30(2):293\u2013302","journal-title":"J Health Econ"},{"issue":"514","key":"1259_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0297.2006.01118.x","volume":"116","author":"JY Duclos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Duclos JY, Sahn DE, Younger SD (2006) Robust multidimensional poverty comparisons. Econ J 116(514):943\u2013968","journal-title":"Econ J"},{"key":"1259_CR32","volume-title":"Inequality and poverty re-examined","author":"JY Duclos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Duclos JY, Sahn DE, Younger SD (2007) Robust multidimensional poverty comparisons with discrete indicators of well-being. In: Jenkins SP, Micklewright J (eds) Inequality and poverty re-examined. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"issue":"2","key":"1259_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3758(96)00184-X","volume":"62","author":"R Dyckerhoff","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dyckerhoff R, Mosler K (1997) Orthant orderings of discrete random vectors. J Stat Plan Inference 62(2):193\u2013205","journal-title":"J Stat Plan Inference"},{"key":"1259_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-4541-9","volume-title":"An introduction to the bootstrap","author":"B Efron","year":"1993","unstructured":"Efron B, Tibshirani RJ (1993) An introduction to the bootstrap. Chapman and Hall\/CRC, New York"},{"key":"1259_CR35","unstructured":"European Commission (2009) Economic crisis in Europe: causes, consequences and responses. Eur Economy 7, http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/economy_finance\/publications\/pages\/publication15887_en.pdf. Accessed 10 Feb 2017"},{"key":"1259_CR36","unstructured":"European Union (2011) Interinstitutional style guide. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Unio. http:\/\/bookshop.europa.eu\/en\/interinstitutional-style-guide-2011-pbOA3110655\/?CatalogCategoryID=9.EKABstN84AAAEjuJAY4e5L. Accessed 9 May 2018"},{"key":"1259_CR37","unstructured":"Eurostat (2019) Glossary: equivalised disposable income. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php\/Glossary:Equivalised_disposable_income. Accessed 10 Jan 2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"1259_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.2307\/1913475","volume":"52","author":"J Foster","year":"1984","unstructured":"Foster J, Greer J, Thorbecke E (1984) A class of decomposable poverty measures. Econometrica 52(3):761\u2013766","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"issue":"4","key":"1259_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jet.2012.01.001","volume":"147","author":"N Gravel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gravel N, Moyes P (2012) Ethically robust comparisons of bidimensional distributions with an ordinal attribute. J Econ Theory 147(4):1384\u20131426","journal-title":"J Econ Theory"},{"issue":"2","key":"1259_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s10888-009-9112-9","volume":"8","author":"N Gravel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gravel N, Mukhopadhyay A (2010) Is India better off today than 15 years ago? A robust multidimensional answer. J Econ Inequal 8(2):173\u2013195","journal-title":"J Econ Inequal"},{"issue":"303","key":"1259_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0335.2008.00688.x","volume":"76","author":"N Gravel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gravel N, Moyes P, Tarroux B (2009) Robust international comparisons of distributions of disposable income and regional public goods. Economica 76(303):432\u2013461","journal-title":"Economica"},{"key":"1259_CR42","volume-title":"Poverty statistics in the late 1980s: research based on micro-data. Office for official publications of the European Communities","author":"AJ Hagenaars","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hagenaars AJ, De Vos K, Zaidi MA (1996) Poverty statistics in the late 1980s: research based on micro-data. Office for official publications of the European Communities. Eurostat, Luxembourg"},{"key":"1259_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9780898718027","volume-title":"Accuracy and stability of numerical algorithms","author":"NJ Higham","year":"2002","unstructured":"Higham NJ (2002) Accuracy and stability of numerical algorithms. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia"},{"issue":"2","key":"1259_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1162\/REST_a_00450","volume":"97","author":"M Huber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huber M, Mellace G (2015) Testing instrument validity for LATE identification based on inequality moment constraints. Rev Econ Stat 97(2):398\u2013411","journal-title":"Rev Econ Stat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1259_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-014-0830-4","volume":"125","author":"MA Hussain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hussain MA (2016) EU country rankings\u2019 sensitivity to the choice of welfare indicators. Soc Indic Res 125(1):1\u201317","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1259_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-014-0830-4","volume":"129","author":"MA Hussain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hussain MA, J\u00f8rgensen MM, \u00d8sterdal LP (2016) Refining population health comparisons: a multidimensional first order dominance approach. Soc Indic Res 129(2):1\u201321","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1259_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.1134","volume":"16","author":"H J\u00fcrges","year":"2007","unstructured":"J\u00fcrges H (2007) True health vs response styles: exploring cross-country differences in self-reported health. Health Econ 16(2):163\u2013178","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"issue":"6","key":"1259_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1214\/aop\/1176995659","volume":"5","author":"T Kamae","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kamae T, Krengel U, O\u2019Brien GL (1977) Stochastic inequalities on partially ordered spaces. Ann Probab 5(6):899\u2013912","journal-title":"Ann Probab"},{"issue":"1","key":"1259_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0531(80)90070-8","volume":"22","author":"Y Kannai","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kannai Y (1980) The ALEP definition of complementarity and least concave utility functions. J Econ Theory 22(1):115\u2013117","journal-title":"J Econ Theory"},{"issue":"9801","key":"1259_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61556-0","volume":"378","author":"A Kentikelenis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kentikelenis A, Karanikolos M, Papanicolas I, Basu S, McKee M, Stuckler D (2011) Health effects of financial crisis: omens of a Greek tragedy. Lancet 378(9801):1457\u20131458","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1259_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-018-1962-8","volume":"143","author":"M Kobus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kobus M, P\u00f3\u0142ch\u0142opek O, Yalonetzky G (2019) Inequality and welfare in quality of life among OECD countries: non-parametric treatment of ordinal data. Soc Indic Res 143(1):201\u2013232","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1259_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/1883135","volume":"91","author":"S Kolm","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kolm S (1977) Multidimensional egalitarianism. Quart J Econ 91(1):1\u201313","journal-title":"Quart J Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"1259_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177728487","volume":"26","author":"EL Lehmann","year":"1955","unstructured":"Lehmann EL (1955) Ordered families of distributions. Ann Math Stat 26(3):399\u2013419","journal-title":"Ann Math Stat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1259_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2307\/2296822","volume":"42","author":"D Levhari","year":"1975","unstructured":"Levhari D, Paroush J, Peleg B (1975) Efficiency analysis for multivariate distributions. Rev Econ Stud 42(1):87\u201391","journal-title":"Rev Econ Stud"},{"key":"1259_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mathsocsci.2018.06.005","volume":"95","author":"TG Marling","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marling TG, Range TM, Sudh\u00f6lter P, \u00d8sterdal LP (2018) Decomposing bivariate dominance for social welfare comparisons. Math Soc Sci 95:1\u20138","journal-title":"Math Soc Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1259_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.964","volume":"22","author":"B McCaig","year":"2007","unstructured":"McCaig B, Yatchew A (2007) International welfare comparisons and nonparametric testing of multivariate stochastic dominance. J App Econom 22(5):951\u2013969","journal-title":"J App Econom"},{"key":"1259_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-8922-4_7","volume-title":"Studies in the economics of uncertainty","author":"D McFadden","year":"1989","unstructured":"McFadden D (1989) Testing for stochastic dominance. In: Fomby TB, Seo TK (eds) Studies in the economics of uncertainty. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 113\u2013134"},{"key":"1259_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1214\/lnms\/1215459838","volume-title":"Stochastic orders and decision under risk","author":"KC Mosler","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mosler KC, Scarsini MR (1991) Stochastic orders and decision under risk. Institute of Mathematical Statistics, Heyward"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1259_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2010.10.012","volume":"95","author":"C Muller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Muller C, Trannoy A (2011) A dominance approach to the appraisal of the distribution of well-being across countries. J Public Econ 95(3\u20134):239\u2013246","journal-title":"J Public Econ"},{"key":"1259_CR60","unstructured":"OECD (2013) Education indicators in focus. Chapter B: financial and human resources invested in education. What is the impact of the economic crisis on public education spending? Organisation for economic co-operation and development. https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/edu\/skills-beyond-school\/. Accessed 3 Feb 2017"},{"key":"1259_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OECD (2013) OECD Framework for statistics on the distribution of household income, consumption and wealth. Chapter 8: framework for integrated analysis. Organisation for economic co-operation and development. http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/statistics\/OECD-ICW-Framework-Chapter8.pdf. Accessed 9 May 2018","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264194830-en"},{"key":"1259_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"OECD\/Eurostat\/UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015) ISCED 2011 operational manual: guidelines for Classifying National Education Programmes and related qualifications. OECD Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/9789264228368-en., Accessed 15 Dec 2019","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264228368"},{"issue":"3","key":"1259_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-017-1637-x","volume":"137","author":"I Permanyer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Permanyer I, Hussain MA (2018) First order dominance techniques and multidimensional poverty indices: an empirical comparison of different approaches. Soc Indic Res 137(3):867\u2013893","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1259_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s10107-017-1213-9","volume":"173","author":"TM Range","year":"2019","unstructured":"Range TM, \u00d8sterdal LP (2019) First order dominance: stronger characterization and a bivariate checking algorithm. Math Program 173(1\u20132):193\u2013219","journal-title":"Math Program"},{"issue":"2","key":"1259_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s10888-011-9173-4","volume":"9","author":"M Ravallion","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ravallion M (2011) On multidimensional indices of poverty. J Econ Inequal 9(2):235\u2013248","journal-title":"J Econ Inequal"},{"issue":"1","key":"1259_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/wbro\/lkr009","volume":"27","author":"M Ravallion","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ravallion M (2012) Mashup indices of development. World Bank Res Observer 27(1):1\u201332","journal-title":"World Bank Res Observer"},{"issue":"2","key":"1259_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1287\/moor.13.2.254","volume":"13","author":"AR Sampson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sampson AR, Whitaker LR (1988) Positive dependence, upper sets, and multidimensional partitions. Math Oper Res 13(2):254\u2013264","journal-title":"Math Oper Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1259_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/lhh036","volume":"18","author":"NR Schady","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schady NR (2004) Do macroeconomic crises always slow human capital accumulation? World Bank Econ Rev 18(2):131\u2013154","journal-title":"World Bank Econ Rev"},{"key":"1259_CR70","volume-title":"Collective choice and social welfare","author":"AK Sen","year":"1970","unstructured":"Sen AK (1970) Collective choice and social welfare. Holden-Day, San Francisco"},{"issue":"2","key":"1259_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2307\/1912718","volume":"44","author":"AK Sen","year":"1976","unstructured":"Sen AK (1976) Poverty: an ordinal approach to measurement. Econometrica 44(2):219\u2013231","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"1259_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-34675-5","volume-title":"Stochastic orders","author":"M Shaked","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shaked M, Shanthikumar JG (2007) Stochastic orders. Springer Science and Business Media, New York"},{"key":"1259_CR73","volume-title":"Measuring poverty and wellbeing in developing countries","author":"N Siersb\u00e6k","year":"2017","unstructured":"Siersb\u00e6k N, \u00d8sterdal LP, Arndt C (2017) Multidimensional first order dominance comparisons of population wellbeing. In: Arndt C, Tarp F (eds) Measuring poverty and wellbeing in developing countries. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"issue":"3","key":"1259_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/roiw.12183","volume":"62","author":"C Sonne-Schmidt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sonne-Schmidt C, Tarp F, \u00d8sterdal LP (2016) Ordinal bivariate inequality: concepts and application to child deprivation in Mozambique. Rev Income Wealth 62(3):559\u2013573","journal-title":"Rev Income Wealth"},{"issue":"2","key":"1259_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177700153","volume":"36","author":"V Strassen","year":"1965","unstructured":"Strassen V (1965) The existence of probability measures with given marginals. Ann Math Stat 36(2):423\u2013439","journal-title":"Ann Math Stat"},{"issue":"9686","key":"1259_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61124-7","volume":"374","author":"D Stuckler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stuckler D, Basu S, Suhrcke M, Coutts A, McKee M (2009) The public health effect of economic crises and alternative policy responses in Europe: an empirical analysis. Lancet 374(9686):315\u2013323","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1259_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2003.12.004","volume":"74","author":"D Thomas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thomas D, Beegle K, Frankenberg E, Sikoki B, Strauss J, Teruel G (2004) Education in a crisis. J Dev Econ 74(1):53\u201385","journal-title":"J Dev Econ"},{"key":"1259_CR78","unstructured":"UNDP (1990) Human Development Report 1990\u2014concept and measurement of human development. United Nations Development Programme. http:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/en\/global-reports. Accessed 29 May 2017"},{"key":"1259_CR79","unstructured":"UNDP (2011) Human Development Report 2011\u2014sustainability and equity: a better future for all. United Nations Development Programme. http:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/reports\/271\/hdr_2011_en_complete.pdf. Accessed 12 Feb 2016"},{"key":"1259_CR80","unstructured":"UNDP (2014) Human Development Report 2014\u2014sustaining human progress: reducing vulnerabilities and building resilience. United Nations Development Programme. http:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/en\/global-reports. Accessed 12 Feb 2016"},{"key":"1259_CR81","unstructured":"UNESCO (2006) ISCED 1997: International standard classification of education. United Nations educational, scientific and cultural organization. http:\/\/www.uis.unesco.org\/Library\/Documents\/isced97-en.pdf. Accessed 19 Jan 2016"},{"key":"1259_CR82","unstructured":"UNSD (1999) Standard country or area codes for statistical use. United Nations statistics division publications catalogue, Series M, No. 49\/Rev.4. https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/methodology\/m49\/. Accessed 9 May 2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"1259_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1177\/0958928713517914","volume":"24","author":"CT Whelan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Whelan CT, Nolan B, Ma\u00eetre B (2014) Multidimensional poverty measurement in Europe: an application of the adjusted headcount approach. J Eur Soc Policy 24(2):183\u2013197","journal-title":"J Eur Soc Policy"},{"key":"1259_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1596\/0-1952-0851-X","volume-title":"World development report 1990: poverty","author":"World Bank","year":"1990","unstructured":"World Bank (1990) World development report 1990: poverty. Oxford University Press, New York"},{"issue":"1","key":"1259_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1080\/07474938.2012.690653","volume":"32","author":"G Yalonetzky","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yalonetzky G (2013) Stochastic dominance with ordinal variables: conditions and a test. Econom Rev 32(1):126\u2013163","journal-title":"Econom Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"1259_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00355-014-0810-2","volume":"43","author":"G Yalonetzky","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yalonetzky G (2014) Conditions for the most robust multidimensional poverty comparisons using counting measures and ordinal variables. Soc Choice Welf 43(4):773\u2013807","journal-title":"Soc Choice Welf"},{"issue":"6","key":"1259_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmateco.2010.08.018","volume":"46","author":"LP \u00d8sterdal","year":"2010","unstructured":"\u00d8sterdal LP (2010) The mass transfer approach to multivariate discrete first order stochastic dominance: direct proof and implications. J Math Econ 46(6):1222\u20131228","journal-title":"J Math Econ"}],"container-title":["Social Choice and Welfare"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00355-020-01259-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00355-020-01259-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00355-020-01259-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T13:53:16Z","timestamp":1696254796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00355-020-01259-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1259"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00355-020-01259-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0176-1714","1432-217X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0176-1714","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-217X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 August 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}