{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:50:04Z","timestamp":1765828204234,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Choice Welf"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We study the use of social expenditures and regulation for redistribution. When regulated goods are essential in the consumption bundle of the poor, a high poverty rate creates incentives to increase redistribution through regulation. By contrast, inequality directs redistribution towards social expenditures. We propose a theoretical model that captures the trade-off between these two redistributive policies and test the model implications with a novel municipality dataset on income and local government policies. Theory predicts and empirical evidence supports that failing to account for poverty biases the effect of inequality on redistribution. Our evidence also reflects the positive connection between poverty and the use of regulation for redistribution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00355-022-01415-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T04:02:27Z","timestamp":1655438547000},"page":"925-967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Inequality, poverty and the composition of redistribution"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Juli\u00e1n","family":"Costas-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7536-527X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sim\u00f3n","family":"Lodato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1415_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2018.09.015","volume":"180","author":"R Aaberge","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aaberge R, Eika L, Lang\u00f8rgen A, Mogstad M (2019) Local governments, in-kind transfers, and economic inequality. J Public Econ 180:103966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2018.09.015","journal-title":"J Public Econ"},{"issue":"2","key":"1415_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00123873","volume":"52","author":"B Abrams","year":"1987","unstructured":"Abrams B, Lewis K (1987) A median-voter model of economic regulation. Public Choice 52(2):125\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00123873","journal-title":"Public Choice"},{"issue":"2","key":"1415_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.2307\/2118470","volume":"109","author":"A Alesina","year":"1994","unstructured":"Alesina A, Rodrik D (1994) Distributive politics and economic growth. Q J Econ 109(2):465\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2118470","journal-title":"Q J Econ"},{"issue":"565","key":"1415_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0297.2012.02541.x","volume":"122","author":"A Alesina","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alesina A, Cozzi G, Mantovan N (2012) The evolution of ideology, fairness and redistribution. Econ J 122(565):1244\u20131261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-0297.2012.02541.x","journal-title":"Econ J"},{"key":"1415_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alesina A, Angeletos G-M (2005) Fairness and redistribution: US vs. Europe. Am Economic Rev 95:913\u201335. (Reprinted in Fairness in Law and Economics, edited by Lee Anne Fennell, Max Pam Professor of Law and Richard H. McAdams, Bernard D. Meltzer Professor of Law, University of Chicago Law School, USA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1257\/0002828054825655)","DOI":"10.1257\/0002828054825655"},{"key":"1415_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alesina A, Murard E, Rapoport H (2019) Immigration and preferences for redistribution in Europe (Working Paper No. 25562). National Bureau of Economic Research","DOI":"10.3386\/w25562"},{"issue":"1","key":"1415_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177730090","volume":"20","author":"TW Anderson","year":"1949","unstructured":"Anderson TW, Rubin H (1949) Estimation of the parameters of a single equation in a complete system of stochastic equations. Ann Math Stat 20(1):46\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1214\/aoms\/1177730090","journal-title":"Ann Math Stat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1415_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-economics-080218-025643","volume":"11","author":"I Andrews","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andrews I, Stock JH, Sun L (2019) Weak instruments in instrumental variables regression: theory and practice. Annu Rev Econ 11(1):727\u2013753. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-economics-080218-025643","journal-title":"Annu Rev Econ"},{"issue":"4","key":"1415_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s13209-018-0185-1","volume":"9","author":"B Anghel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anghel B, Basso H, Bover O, Casado JM, Hospido L, Izquierdo M, Vozmediano E et al (2018) Income, consumption and wealth inequality in Spain. SERIEs J Span Econ Assoc 9(4):351\u2013387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13209-018-0185-1","journal-title":"SERIEs J Span Econ Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"1415_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00124233","volume":"37","author":"P Aranson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Aranson P, Ordeshook P (1981) Regulation, redistribution, and public choice. Public Choice 37(1):69\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00124233","journal-title":"Public Choice"},{"issue":"4","key":"1415_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1080\/0144164022000016658","volume":"23","author":"J Asensio","year":"2003","unstructured":"Asensio J, Matas A, Raymond JL (2003) Redistributive effects of subsidies to urban public transport in Spain. Transp Rev 23(4):433\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0144164022000016658","journal-title":"Transp Rev"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"1415_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2727(02)00013-0","volume":"87","author":"D Austen-Smith","year":"2003","unstructured":"Austen-Smith D (2003) Majority preference for subsidies over redistribution. J Public Econ 87(7\u20138):1617\u20131640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0047-2727(02)00013-0","journal-title":"J Public Econ"},{"key":"1415_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1912769","author":"DP Baron","year":"1982","unstructured":"Baron DP, Myerson RB (1982) Regulating a monopolist with unknown costs. Econometrica. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1912769","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"issue":"2","key":"1415_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1093\/OXREP\/GRR011","volume":"27","author":"DN Bell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bell DN, Blanchflower DG (2011) Young people and the great recession. Oxf Rev Econ Policy 27(2):241\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/OXREP\/GRR011","journal-title":"Oxf Rev Econ Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"1415_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1162\/qjec.2006.121.2.699","volume":"121","author":"R Benabou","year":"2006","unstructured":"Benabou R, Tirole J (2006) Belief in a just world and redistributive politics. Q J Econ 121(2):699\u2013746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/qjec.2006.121.2.699","journal-title":"Q J Econ"},{"key":"1415_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/003355397555136","author":"T Besley","year":"1997","unstructured":"Besley T, Coate S (1997) An economic model of representative democracy. Q J Econ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/003355397555136","journal-title":"Q J Econ"},{"issue":"5","key":"1415_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1162\/154247603770383424","volume":"1","author":"T Besley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Besley T, Coate S (2003) Elected versus appointed regulators: theory and evidence. J Eur Econ Assoc 1(5):1176\u20131206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/154247603770383424","journal-title":"J Eur Econ Assoc"},{"key":"1415_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Besley T, Coate S (1997) Analyzing the case for government intervention in a representative democracy. London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library","DOI":"10.1162\/003355397555136"},{"issue":"30","key":"1415_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4212","DOI":"10.1080\/00036846.2013.781261","volume":"45","author":"S Bonhomme","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bonhomme S, Hospido L (2013) Earnings inequality in Spain: new evidence using tax data. Appl Econ 45(30):4212\u20134225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00036846.2013.781261","journal-title":"Appl Econ"},{"issue":"603","key":"1415_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1111\/ecoj.12368","volume":"127","author":"S Bonhomme","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bonhomme S, Hospido L (2017) The cycle of earnings inequality: evidence from Spanish social security data. Econ J 127(603):1244\u20131278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ecoj.12368","journal-title":"Econ J"},{"issue":"430","key":"1415_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1995.10476536","volume":"90","author":"J Bound","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bound J, Jaeger DA, Baker RM (1995) Problems with instrumental variables estimation when the correlation between the instruments and the endogenous explanatory variable is weak. J Am Stat Assoc 90(430):443\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01621459.1995.10476536","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"1415_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1162\/REST_a_00332","volume":"95","author":"L Boustan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boustan L, Ferreira F, Winkler H, Zolt EM (2013) The effect of rising income inequality on taxation and public expenditures: evidence from U.S. municipalities and school districts, 1970\u20132000. Rev Econ Stat 95(4):1291\u20131302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/REST_a_00332","journal-title":"Rev Econ Stat"},{"key":"1415_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cameron AC, Trivedi PK (2005) Microeconometrics: methods and applications. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9780511811241","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511811241"},{"issue":"7","key":"1415_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2010.11.013","volume":"95","author":"FR Campante","year":"2011","unstructured":"Campante FR (2011) Redistribution in a model of voting and campaign contributions. J Public Econ 95(7):646\u2013656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2010.11.013","journal-title":"J Public Econ"},{"key":"1415_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coady D, Parry I, Sears L, Shang B (2016) How large are global energy subsidies? (CESifo Working Paper Series No. 5814). CESifo Group Munich","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2766224"},{"issue":"1","key":"1415_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1162\/REST_a_00139","volume":"94","author":"TG Conley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Conley TG, Hansen CB, Rossi PE (2012) Plausibly exogenous. Rev Econ Stat 94(1):260\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/REST_a_00139","journal-title":"Rev Econ Stat"},{"issue":"4","key":"1415_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labeco.2009.01.005","volume":"16","author":"G De Giorgi","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Giorgi G, Pellizzari M (2009) Welfare migration in Europe. Labour Econ 16(4):353\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.labeco.2009.01.005","journal-title":"Labour Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1415_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s10645-016-9288-x","volume":"165","author":"S De la Rica","year":"2017","unstructured":"De la Rica S, Rebollo-Sanz YF (2017) Gender differentials in unemployment ins and outs during the great recession in Spain. De Econ 165(1):67\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10645-016-9288-x","journal-title":"De Econ"},{"issue":"5","key":"1415_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9779.2010.01479.x","volume":"12","author":"S Dhami","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dhami S, Al-Nowaihi A (2010) Existence of a condorcet winner when voters have other-regarding preferences. J Public Econ Theory 12(5):897\u2013922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9779.2010.01479.x","journal-title":"J Public Econ Theory"},{"issue":"6","key":"1415_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroecorev.2010.01.001","volume":"54","author":"S Dhami","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dhami S, Al-Nowaihi A (2010) Redistributive policies with heterogeneous social preferences of voters. Eur Econ Rev 54(6):743\u2013759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euroecorev.2010.01.001","journal-title":"Eur Econ Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1415_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1086\/679684","volume":"33","author":"C Dustmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dustmann C, Glitz A (2015) How do industries and firms respond to changes in local labor supply? J Law Econ 33(3):711\u2013750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/679684","journal-title":"J Law Econ"},{"key":"1415_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Epper T, Fehr E, Senn J (2020) Other-regarding preferences and redistributive politics (ECON-Working Papers No. 339). Department of Economics\u2013University of Zurich. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3526809","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3526809"},{"key":"1415_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2006.02.003","volume":"35","author":"S Fankhauser","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fankhauser S, Tepic S (2007) Can poor consumers pay for energy and water? An affordability analysis for transition countries. Energy Policy 35:1038\u20131049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enpol.2006.02.003","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"1415_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1257\/pol.20150578","volume":"9","author":"L Feler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Feler L, Senses MZ (2017) Trade shocks and the provision of local public goods. Am Econ J Econ Policy 9(4):101\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1257\/pol.20150578","journal-title":"Am Econ J Econ Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"1415_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0176-2680(03)00042-9","volume":"19","author":"V Galasso","year":"2003","unstructured":"Galasso V (2003) Redistribution and fairness: a note. Eur J Polit Econ 19(4):885\u2013892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0176-2680(03)00042-9","journal-title":"Eur J Polit Econ"},{"issue":"2","key":"1415_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/03003930.2011.554826","volume":"37","author":"E Gonzalez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gonzalez E, Carcaba A, Ventura J, Garcia J (2011) Measuring quality of life in Spanish municipalities. Local Gov Stud 37(2):171\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03003930.2011.554826","journal-title":"Local Gov Stud"},{"key":"1415_CR37","unstructured":"Hortas-Rico M, Onrubia J (2014) Renta personal de los municipios espa\u00a0noles y su distribuci\u00f3n: metodolog\u00eda de estimaci\u00f3n a partir de microdatos tributarios. Fedea"},{"issue":"2","key":"1415_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1162\/REST_a_00623","volume":"99","author":"M Karadja","year":"2017","unstructured":"Karadja M, Mollerstrom J, Seim D (2017) Richer (and holier) than thou? The effect of relative income improvements on demand for redistribution. Rev Econ Stat 99(2):201\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/REST_a_00623","journal-title":"Rev Econ Stat"},{"issue":"2","key":"1415_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1162\/003465302317411578","volume":"84","author":"M Keane","year":"2002","unstructured":"Keane M, Prasad E (2002) Inequality, transfers, and growth: new evidence from the economic transition in Poland. Rev Econ Stat 84(2):324\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/003465302317411578","journal-title":"Rev Econ Stat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1415_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2009.09.019","volume":"156","author":"J Kennan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kennan J, Walker JR (2010) Wages, welfare benefits and migration. J Econ 156(1):229\u2013238","journal-title":"J Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1415_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2005.02.011","volume":"133","author":"F Kleibergen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kleibergen F, Paap R (2006) Generalized reduced rank tests using the singular value decomposition. J Econ 133(1):97\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jeconom.2005.02.011","journal-title":"J Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"1415_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1086\/261392","volume":"94","author":"J-J Laffont","year":"1986","unstructured":"Laffont J-J, Tirole J (1986) Using cost observation to regulate firms. J Polit Econ 94(3):614\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/261392","journal-title":"J Polit Econ"},{"key":"1415_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewis EG (2003) Local, open economies within the us: how do industries respond to immigration? FRB of Philadelphia Working Paper","DOI":"10.21799\/frbp.wp.2004.01"},{"issue":"1","key":"1415_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/exeh.1994.1001","volume":"31","author":"PH Lindert","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lindert PH (1994) the rise of social spending, 1880\u20131930. Explor Econ Hist 31(1):1\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/exeh.1994.1001","journal-title":"Explor Econ Hist"},{"issue":"1","key":"1415_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/roiw.12100","volume":"60","author":"M Luebker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Luebker M (2014) Income inequality, redistribution, and poverty: contrasting rational choice and behavioral perspectives. Rev Income Wealth 60(1):133\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/roiw.12100","journal-title":"Rev Income Wealth"},{"issue":"2","key":"1415_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003055411000128","volume":"105","author":"N Lupu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lupu N, Pontusson J (2011) The structure of inequality and the politics of redistribution. Am Polit Sci Rev 105(2):316\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0003055411000128","journal-title":"Am Polit Sci Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1415_CR47","first-page":"95","volume":"200","author":"J Mart\u00ednez-V\u00e1zquez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-V\u00e1zquez J, Vulovic V, Dodson BM (2012) The impact of tax and expenditure policies on income distribution: evidence from a large panel of countries. Rev Public Econ 200(1):95\u2013130","journal-title":"Rev Public Econ"},{"issue":"5","key":"1415_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.2307\/1830813","volume":"89","author":"AH Meltzer","year":"1981","unstructured":"Meltzer AH, Richard SF (1981) A rational theory of the size of government. J Polit Econ 89(5):914\u2013927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1830813","journal-title":"J Polit Econ"},{"key":"1415_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moene KO, Wallerstein M (2008) Social democracy as a development strategy. In: Austen-Smith D, Frieden JA, Golden MA, Moene KO, Przeworski A (eds) Selected works of Michael Wallerstein: the political economy of inequality, unions, and social democracy. Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics, pp 443\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9780511619793.019","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511619793.019"},{"key":"1415_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ortega E, Pe\u00a0nalosa J (2014) Some thoughts on the Spanish economy after five years of crisis. Banco de Espana Occasional Paper (1304)","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2374293"},{"issue":"1","key":"1415_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2307\/2946658","volume":"111","author":"M Osborne","year":"1996","unstructured":"Osborne M, Slivinski A (1996) A model of political competition with citizen-candidates. Q J Econ 111(1):65\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2946658","journal-title":"Q J Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"1415_CR52","first-page":"600","volume":"84","author":"T Persson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Persson T, Tabellini G (1994) Is inequality harmful for growth? Am Econ Rev 84(3):600\u2013621","journal-title":"Am Econ Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"1415_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.2307\/40985790","volume":"92","author":"R Ramcharan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ramcharan R (2010) Inequality and redistribution: evidence from U.S. counties and states, 1890\u20131930. Rev Econ Stat 92(4):729\u2013744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/40985790","journal-title":"Rev Econ Stat"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1415_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2727(01)00145-1","volume":"87","author":"JE Roemer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Roemer JE, Aaberge R, Colombino U, Fritzell J, Jenkins SP, Lefranc A, Ruiz-Castillo J (2003) To what extent do fiscal regimes equalize opportunities for income acquisition among citizens? J Public Econ 87(3\u20134):539\u2013565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0047-2727(01)00145-1","journal-title":"J Public Econ"},{"key":"1415_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2018.09.012","volume":"167","author":"C Roth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roth C, Wohlfart J (2018) Experienced inequality and preferences for redistribution. J Public Econ 167:251\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2018.09.012","journal-title":"J Public Econ"},{"key":"1415_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schwabish J, Smeeding T, Osberg L (2006) Income distribution and social expenditures. In: Papadimitriou DB (ed) The distributional effects of government spending and taxation (Chap. 9). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/97802303786059","DOI":"10.1057\/97802303786059"},{"key":"1415_CR57","unstructured":"Smeeding TM (2006) Government programs and social outcomes: comparison of the United States with other rich nations. In: Public policy and the income distribution. Russell Sage Foundation, pp 149\u2013218"},{"key":"1415_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stock J, Yogo M (2005) Testing for weak instruments in linear iv regression. In: Andrews DW (ed) Identification and inference for econometric models, pp 80\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9780511614491","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511614491"},{"issue":"5","key":"1415_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1257\/0002828043052196","volume":"94","author":"L Wenli","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wenli L, Sarte P-D (2004) Progressive taxation and long-run growth. Am Econ Rev 94(5):1705\u20131716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1257\/0002828043052196","journal-title":"Am Econ Rev"}],"container-title":["Social Choice and Welfare"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00355-022-01415-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00355-022-01415-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00355-022-01415-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T02:51:18Z","timestamp":1727405478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00355-022-01415-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1415"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00355-022-01415-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0176-1714","1432-217X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0176-1714"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-217X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 May 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"We have created R code to pre-process the data and Stata code for the main analysis. These will be provided by the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}}]}}