{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T06:10:23Z","timestamp":1764051023395,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008967","name":"Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008967","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Choice Welf"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Individuals often evaluate others\u2019 actions based on both their perceived intentions and their resulting outcomes, rewarding favorable actions and punishing unfavorable ones. This study aims to isolate the influence of these factors on punishment. We experimentally demonstrate that, when outcomes are held constant, second movers punish first movers who choose selfish actions more severely than those who select considerate ones. Conversely, when intentions are fixed, the severity of punishment does not significantly differ between fair and unfair outcomes on average. However, this average masks gender-specific variations. Men tend to prioritize punishing unkind intentions, while women are more sensitive to the perceived fairness of outcomes. Social norms help explain punishment choices and gender differences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00355-025-01596-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T08:56:45Z","timestamp":1744361805000},"page":"853-882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Punishment for intentions or outcomes: the role of gender and social norms"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"Dato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9390-3537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Friehe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1596_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1007\/s10683-021-09725-8","volume":"25","author":"D Alempaki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alempaki D, Colamn AM, K\u00f6lle F, Loomes G, Pulford BD (2022) Investigating the failure to best respond in experimental games. Exp Econ 25:656\u201379","journal-title":"Exp Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1596_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1162\/003355301556419","volume":"116","author":"J Andreoni","year":"2001","unstructured":"Andreoni J, Vesterlund L (2001) Which is the fair sex? gender differences in altruism. Q J Econ 116(1):293\u2013312","journal-title":"Q J Econ"},{"key":"1596_CR3","volume-title":"Punishment and Sentencing: A Rational Approach","author":"M Bagaric","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bagaric M (2001) Punishment and Sentencing: A Rational Approach. Cavendish, London"},{"issue":"45","key":"1596_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15924","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1413170111","volume":"111","author":"L Balafoutas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Balafoutas L, Nikiforakis N, Rockenbach B (2014) Direct and indirect punishment among strangers in the field. Proc Natl Acad Sci 111(45):15924\u201315927","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"1596_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2018.06.004","volume":"164","author":"A Barr","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barr A, Lane T, Nosenzo D (2018) On the social inappropriateness of discrimination. J Public Econ 164:153\u2013164","journal-title":"J Public Econ"},{"key":"1596_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroecorev.2014.06.016","volume":"70","author":"B Bartling","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bartling B, Engl F, Weber RA (2014) Does willful ignorance deflect punishment? an experimental study. Eur Econ Rev 70:512\u201324","journal-title":"Eur Econ Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1596_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2013.836526","volume":"96","author":"A Baumert","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baumert A, Beierlein C, Schmitt M, Kemper C, Kovaleva A, Liebig S, Rammstedt B (2014) Measuring four perspectives of justice sensitivity with two items each. J Pers Assess 96(3):380\u2013390","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"issue":"4","key":"1596_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0262.2008.00860.x","volume":"76","author":"C Bellemare","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bellemare C, Kr\u00f6ger S, Van Soest A (2008) Measuring inequity aversion in a heterogeneous population using experimental decisions and subjective probabilities. Econometrica 76(4):815\u2013839","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"1596_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.1995.1068","volume":"63","author":"S Blount","year":"1995","unstructured":"Blount S (1995) When social outcomes aren\u2019t fair: The effect of causal attributions on preferences. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 63:131\u2013144","journal-title":"Organ Behav Hum Decis Process"},{"key":"1596_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroecorev.2014.07.003","volume":"71","author":"O Bock","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bock O, Baetge I, Nicklisch A (2014) hroot: Hamburg registration and organization online tool. Eur Econ Rev 71:117\u2013120","journal-title":"Eur Econ Rev"},{"issue":"506","key":"1596_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0297.2005.01032.x","volume":"115","author":"GE Bolton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bolton GE, Brandts J, Ockenfels A (2005) Fair procedures: Evidence from games involving lotteries. Econ J 115(506):1054\u20131076","journal-title":"Econ J"},{"key":"1596_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tpb.2003.07.001","volume":"65","author":"S Bowles","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bowles S, Gintis H (2004) The evolution of strong reciprocity: cooperation in heterogeneous populations. Theor Popul Biol 65:17\u201328","journal-title":"Theor Popul Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1596_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s10683-011-9272-x","volume":"14","author":"J Brandts","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brandts J, Charness G (2011) The strategy versus the direct-response method: a first survey of experimental comparisons. Exp Econ 14(3):375\u2013398","journal-title":"Exp Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1596_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01544758","volume":"32","author":"NJ Briton","year":"1995","unstructured":"Briton NJ, Hall JA (1995) Beliefs about female and male nonverbal communication. Sex Roles 32(1):79\u201390","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1596_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2007.10.006","volume":"68","author":"N Buchan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Buchan N, Croson R, Solnick S (2008) Trust and gender: An examination of behavior and beliefs in the investment game. J Econ Behav Organ 68(3\u20134):466\u2013476","journal-title":"J Econ Behav Organ"},{"key":"1596_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.97.3.818","volume":"97","author":"A Cappelen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cappelen A, Drange AW, Sorensen E, Tungodden B (2007) The pluralism of fairness ideals: An experimental approach. American Economic Review 97:818\u201327","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"1596_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joep.2012.07.004","volume":"33","author":"E Cardella","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cardella E, Chiu R (2012) Stackelberg in the lab: The effect of group decision making and cooling-of periods. J Econ Psychol 33(6):1070\u20131083","journal-title":"J Econ Psychol"},{"key":"1596_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geb.2019.04.011","volume":"116","author":"D Chang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chang D, Chen R, Krupka E (2019) Rhetoric matters: A social norms explanation for the anomaly of framing. Games Econom Behav 116:158\u2013178","journal-title":"Games Econom Behav"},{"key":"1596_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1086\/383111","volume":"22","author":"G Charness","year":"2004","unstructured":"Charness G (2004) Attribution and reciprocity in a simulated labor market: An experimental investigation. Journal of Labour Economics 22:665\u201388","journal-title":"Journal of Labour Economics"},{"key":"1596_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0297.2007.02066.x","volume":"117","author":"G Charness","year":"2007","unstructured":"Charness G, Levine D (2007) Intention and stochastic outcomes: An experimental study. Economic Journal 117:1051\u201372","journal-title":"Economic Journal"},{"key":"1596_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1162\/003355302760193904","volume":"117","author":"G Charness","year":"2002","unstructured":"Charness G, Rabin M (2002) Understanding social preferences with simple tests. Quart J Econ 117:817\u201369","journal-title":"Quart J Econ"},{"key":"1596_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2325-8012.2007.tb00813.x","volume":"73","author":"A Chaudhuri","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chaudhuri A, Gangadharan L (2007) An experimental test of trust and trustworthiness. South Econ J 73:959\u2013985","journal-title":"South Econ J"},{"issue":"7085","key":"1596_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1038\/440744b","volume":"440","author":"AM Colman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Colman AM (2006) The puzzle of cooperation. Nature 440(7085):744\u2013745","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1596_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-8256(03)00119-2","volume":"46","author":"J Cox","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cox J (2004) How to identify trust and reciprocity. Games Econom Behav 46:260\u2013281","journal-title":"Games Econom Behav"},{"key":"1596_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.89.2.386","volume":"89","author":"R Croson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Croson R, Buchan N (1999) Gender and culture: International experimental evidence from trust games. American Economic Review 89:386\u2013391","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"1596_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1257\/jel.47.2.448","volume":"47","author":"R Croson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Croson R, Gneezy U (2009) Gender differences in preferences. Journal of Economic literature 47(2):448\u201374","journal-title":"Journal of Economic literature"},{"issue":"6","key":"1596_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2021.12.014","volume":"194","author":"M Cubel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cubel M, Sanchez-Pages S (2022) Gender differences in equilibrium play and strategic sophistication variability. J Econ Behav Organ 194(6):287\u2013299","journal-title":"J Econ Behav Organ"},{"key":"1596_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socec.2016.02.003","volume":"62","author":"G d\u2019Adda","year":"2016","unstructured":"d\u2019Adda G, Drouvelis M, Nosenzo D (2016) Norm elicitation in within-subject designs: Testing for order effects. J Behav Exp Econ 62:1\u20137","journal-title":"J Behav Exp Econ"},{"key":"1596_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2014.01.012","volume":"100","author":"S Dato","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dato S, Nieken P (2014) Gender differences in competition and sabotage. J Econ Behav Organ 100:64\u201380","journal-title":"J Econ Behav Organ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1596_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029265","volume":"7","author":"M Del Giudice","year":"2012","unstructured":"Del Giudice M, Booth T, Irwing P (2012) The distance between mars and venus: Measuring global sex differences in personality. PLoS ONE 7(1):e29265","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1596_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2014.10.008","volume":"122","author":"DL Dickinson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dickinson DL, Masclet D (2015) Emotion venting and punishment in public good experiments. J Public Econ 122:55\u201367","journal-title":"J Public Econ"},{"key":"1596_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2681(96)00854-2","volume":"30","author":"C Eckel","year":"1996","unstructured":"Eckel C, Grossman P (1996) The relative price of fairness: gender differences in a punishment game. J Econ Behav Organ 30:143\u201358","journal-title":"J Econ Behav Organ"},{"issue":"2","key":"1596_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-7295.2001.tb00059.x","volume":"39","author":"CC Eckel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eckel CC, Grossman PJ (2001) Chivalry and solidarity in ultimatum games. Econ Inq 39(2):171\u2013188","journal-title":"Econ Inq"},{"key":"1596_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S1574-0722(07)00057-1","volume":"1","author":"CC Eckel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Eckel CC, Grossman PJ (2008) Differences in the economic decisions of men and women: experimental evidence. Handbook of Experimental Economics Results 1:509\u2013519","journal-title":"Handbook of Experimental Economics Results"},{"issue":"4","key":"1596_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s10683-011-9283-7","volume":"14","author":"C Engel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Engel C (2011) Dictator games: A meta study. Exp Econ 14(4):583\u2013610","journal-title":"Exp Econ"},{"key":"1596_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econlet.2015.02.021","volume":"130","author":"H Erkut","year":"2015","unstructured":"Erkut H, Nosenzo D, Sefton M (2015) Identifying social norms using coordination games: Spectators vs. stakeholders. Econ Lett 130:28\u201331","journal-title":"Econ Lett"},{"key":"1596_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geb.2005.03.001","volume":"54","author":"A Falk","year":"2006","unstructured":"Falk A, Fischbacher U (2006) A theory of reciprocity. Games Econom Behav 54:293\u2013315","journal-title":"Games Econom Behav"},{"key":"1596_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/ei\/41.1.20","volume":"41","author":"A Falk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Falk A, Fehr E, Fischbacher U (2003) On the nature of fair behavior. Econ Inq 41:20\u201326","journal-title":"Econ Inq"},{"issue":"1","key":"1596_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geb.2007.06.001","volume":"62","author":"A Falk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Falk A, Fehr E, Fischbacher U (2008) Testing theories of fairness - intentions matter. Games Econom Behav 62(1):287\u2013303","journal-title":"Games Econom Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"1596_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-5138(04)00005-4","volume":"25","author":"E Fehr","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fehr E, Fischbacher U (2004) Third-party punishment and social norms. Evol Hum Behav 25(2):63\u201387","journal-title":"Evol Hum Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"1596_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.90.4.980","volume":"90","author":"E Fehr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fehr E, G\u00e4chter S (2000) Cooperation and punishment in public goods experiments. American Economic Review 90(4):980\u2013994","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"1596_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.96.5.1912","volume":"96","author":"E Fehr","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fehr E, Naef M, Schmidt KM (2006) Inequality aversion, efficiency, and maximin preferences in simple distribution experiments: Comment. American Economic Review 96(5):1912\u20131917","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"7","key":"1596_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-018-0385-5","volume":"2","author":"E Fehr","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fehr E, Naef M, Schurtenberger I (2018) Normative foundations of human cooperation. Nat Hum Behav 2(7):458\u2013468","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"1596_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10683-006-9159-4","volume":"10","author":"U Fischbacher","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fischbacher U (2007) z-tree: Zurich toolbox for ready-made economic experiments. Exp Econ 10(2):171\u2013178","journal-title":"Exp Econ"},{"key":"1596_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socec.2018.01.003","volume":"73","author":"T Friehe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Friehe T, Utikal V (2018) Intentions under cover-hiding intentions is considered unfair. J Behav Exp Econ 73:11\u201321","journal-title":"J Behav Exp Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"1596_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.61.3.427","volume":"61","author":"F Fujita","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fujita F, Diener E, Sandvik E (1991) Gender differences in negative affect and well-being: the case for emotional intensity. J Pers Soc Psychol 61(3):427\u2013434","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1596_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econlet.2011.01.025","volume":"111","author":"V Grimm","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grimm V, Mengel F (2011) Let me sleep on it: Delay reduces rejection rates in ultimatum games. Econ Lett 111(2):113\u2013115","journal-title":"Econ Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"1596_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167220927195","volume":"47","author":"J Gross","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gross J, Dreu C (2021) Rule following mitigates collaborative cheating and facilitates the spreading of honesty within groups. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 47(3):395\u2013409","journal-title":"Pers Soc Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"5770","key":"1596_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1123633","volume":"312","author":"\u00d6 G\u00fcrerk","year":"2006","unstructured":"G\u00fcrerk \u00d6, Irlenbusch B, Rockenbach B (2006) The competitive advantage of sanctioning institutions. Science 312(5770):108\u2013111","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"540","key":"1596_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0297.2009.02288.x","volume":"119","author":"A Hopfensitz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hopfensitz A, Reuben E (2009) The importance of emotions for the effectiveness of social punishment. Econ J 119(540):1534\u20131559","journal-title":"Econ J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1596_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.4284\/0038-4038-2012.067","volume":"80","author":"M Joffily","year":"2014","unstructured":"Joffily M, Masclet D, Noussair CN, Villeval MC (2014) Emotions, sanctions, and cooperation. South Econ J 80(4):1002\u20131027","journal-title":"South Econ J"},{"key":"1596_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1093\/jleo\/ewu012","volume":"31","author":"M Khadjavi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khadjavi M (2015) On the interaction of deterrence and emotions. Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization 31:287\u2013319","journal-title":"Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization"},{"key":"1596_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1111\/jeea.12152","volume":"14","author":"EO Kimbrough","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kimbrough EO, Vostroknutov A (2016) Norms make preferences social. J Eur Econ Assoc 14:608\u201338","journal-title":"J Eur Econ Assoc"},{"key":"1596_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econlet.2018.04.030","volume":"168","author":"EO Kimbrough","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kimbrough EO, Vostroknutov A (2018) A portable method of eliciting respect for social norms. Econ Lett 168:147\u2013150","journal-title":"Econ Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"1596_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/jeea.12006","volume":"11","author":"EL Krupka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Krupka EL, Weber RA (2013) Identifying social norms using coordination games: Why does dictator game sharing vary? J Eur Econ Assoc 11(3):495\u2013524","journal-title":"J Eur Econ Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"1596_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2012.09.018","volume":"84","author":"A Leibbrandt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leibbrandt A, Lopez-Perez R (2012) An exploration of third and second party punishment in ten simple games. J Econ Behav Organ 84(3):753\u2013766","journal-title":"J Econ Behav Organ"},{"issue":"3","key":"1596_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00355-007-0291-7","volume":"31","author":"D Masclet","year":"2008","unstructured":"Masclet D, Villeval M-C (2008) Punishment, inequality, and welfare: a public good experiment. Soc Choice Welfare 31(3):475\u2013502","journal-title":"Soc Choice Welfare"},{"key":"1596_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2681(03)00003-9","volume":"52","author":"KA McCabe","year":"2003","unstructured":"McCabe KA, Rigdon ML, Smith VL (2003) Positive reciprocity and intentions in trust games. J Econ Behav Organ 52:267\u201375","journal-title":"J Econ Behav Organ"},{"issue":"8","key":"1596_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1017\/S1930297500004204","volume":"6","author":"RO Murphy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Murphy RO, Ackermann KA, Handgraaf M (2011) Measuring social value orientation. Judgm Decis Mak 6(8):771\u2013781","journal-title":"Judgm Decis Mak"},{"key":"1596_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joep.2012.11.001","volume":"34","author":"WS Neo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Neo WS, Yu M, Weber RA, Gonzalez C (2013) The effects of time delay in reciprocity games. J Econ Psychol 34:20\u201335","journal-title":"J Econ Psychol"},{"key":"1596_CR61","first-page":"481","volume":"2","author":"M Niederle","year":"2016","unstructured":"Niederle M (2016) Gender. Handbook of. Exp Econ 2:481\u2013553","journal-title":"Exp Econ"},{"key":"1596_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1007\/s10683-007-9171-3","volume":"11","author":"N Nikiforakis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nikiforakis N, Normann H-T (2008) A comparative statics analysis of punishment in public-goods experiments. Exp Econ 11:358\u201369","journal-title":"Exp Econ"},{"issue":"4","key":"1596_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1628\/093245615X14307212950056","volume":"171","author":"J Oechssler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oechssler J, Roider A, Schmitz PW (2015) Cooling off in negotiations: Does it work? J Inst Theor Econ 171(4):565","journal-title":"J Inst Theor Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1596_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16378","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-67268-3","volume":"14","author":"A Philippsen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Philippsen A, Mieth L, Buchner A, Bell R (2024) Time pressure and deliberation affect moral punishment. Sci Rep 14(1):16378","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1596_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joep.2010.08.001","volume":"31","author":"E Reuben","year":"2010","unstructured":"Reuben E, Winden F (2010) Fairness perceptions and prosocial emotions in the power to take. J Econ Psychol 31:908\u201322","journal-title":"J Econ Psychol"},{"key":"1596_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.121208.131647","volume":"62","author":"JK Rilling","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rilling JK, Sanfey AG (2011) The neuroscience of social decision-making. Annu Rev Psychol 62:23\u201348","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1596_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02766270","volume":"36","author":"MD Robinson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Robinson MD, Johnson JT (1997) Is it emotion or is it stress? gender stereotypes and the perception of subjective experience. Sex Roles 36(3):235\u2013258","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"1596_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s10683-014-9416-x","volume":"18","author":"KH Schlag","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schlag KH, Tremewan J, Weele JJ (2015) A penny for your thoughts: A survey of methods for eliciting beliefs. Exp Econ 18:457\u201390","journal-title":"Exp Econ"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"1596_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11211-010-0115-2","volume":"23","author":"M Schmitt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schmitt M, Baumert A, Gollwitzer M, Maes J (2010) The justice sensitivity inventory: Factorial validity, location in the personality facet space, demographic pattern, and normative data. Social Justice Research 23(2\u20133):211\u2013238","journal-title":"Social Justice Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"1596_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1086\/382111","volume":"109","author":"RW Simon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Simon RW, Nath LE (2004) Gender and emotion in the united states: Do men and women differ in self-reports of feelings and expressive behavior? Am J Sociol 109(5):1137\u20131176","journal-title":"Am J Sociol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1596_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930302277","volume":"17","author":"M Timmers","year":"2003","unstructured":"Timmers M, Fischer A, Manstead A (2003) Ability versus vulnerability: Beliefs about men\u2019s and women\u2019s emotional behaviour. Cogn Emot 17(1):41\u201363","journal-title":"Cogn Emot"},{"issue":"5","key":"1596_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joep.2009.07.002","volume":"30","author":"ST Trautmann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Trautmann ST (2009) A tractable model of process fairness under risk. J Econ Psychol 30(5):803\u2013813","journal-title":"J Econ Psychol"},{"key":"1596_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-006-0346-5","volume":"169","author":"M van\u2019t Wout","year":"2006","unstructured":"van\u2019t Wout M, Kahn R, Sanfey AG, Aleman A (2006) Affective state and decision-making in the ultimatum game. Exp Brain Res 169:564\u2013568","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"20","key":"1596_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7398","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502399102","volume":"102","author":"E Xiao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Xiao E, Houser D (2005) Emotion expression in human punishment behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci 102(20):7398\u20137401","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"}],"container-title":["Social Choice and Welfare"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00355-025-01596-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00355-025-01596-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00355-025-01596-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T06:02:19Z","timestamp":1764050539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00355-025-01596-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1596"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00355-025-01596-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0176-1714","1432-217X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0176-1714"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-217X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 January 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}