{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T23:17:06Z","timestamp":1774653426007,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,21]],"date-time":"2011-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1305936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Engineering with Computers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00366-011-0222-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,20]],"date-time":"2011-05-20T15:27:19Z","timestamp":1305905239000},"page":"109-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Users\u2019 perception of open source usability: an empirical study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Arif","family":"Raza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luiz Fernando","family":"Capretz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Faheem","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"222_CR1","volume-title":"The cathedral and the bazaar","author":"ES Raymond","year":"1999","unstructured":"Raymond ES (1999) The cathedral and the bazaar. O\u2019Reilly, Sebastopol"},{"issue":"3","key":"222_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsis.2007.06.001","volume":"16","author":"G Krogh von","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Krogh G, Spaeth S (2007) The open source software phenomenon: characteristics that promote research. J Strateg Inform Syst 16(3):236\u2013253","journal-title":"J Strateg Inform Syst"},{"key":"222_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levesque M (2004) Fundamental issues with open source software development. First Monday 9(4)","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v9i4.1137"},{"key":"222_CR4","unstructured":"Polancic G, Horvat RV, Rozman T (2004) Comparative assessment of open source software using easy accessible data. In: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces, ITI 2004 (IEEE Cat. No.04EX794), vol 1, pp 673\u20138"},{"issue":"4","key":"222_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2004.1274044","volume":"30","author":"JW Paulson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Paulson JW, Succi G, Eberlein A (2004) An empirical study of open-source and closed-source software products. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 30(4):246\u2013256","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"key":"222_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nichols DM, Twidale MB (2005) The usability of open source software. First Monday 8(1). http:\/\/firstmonday.org\/issues\/issue81\/nichols\/","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v8i1.1018"},{"key":"222_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hedberg H, Iivari N, Rajanen M, Harjumaa L (2007) Assuring quality and usability in open source software development. In: Proceedings of the first international workshop on emerging trends in floss research and development, FLOSS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, pp 20\u201326","DOI":"10.1109\/FLOSS.2007.2"},{"key":"222_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c7etin G, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk M (2008) A measurement based framework for assessment of usability-centricness of open source software projects. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on signal image technology and internet based systems, SITIS \u201808","DOI":"10.1109\/SITIS.2008.106"},{"issue":"2","key":"222_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/spip.260","volume":"11","author":"A Porter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Porter A, Yilmaz C, Memon AM, Krishna AS, Schmidt DC, Gokhale A (2006) Techniques and processes for improving the quality and performance of open-source software. Softw Process Improv Pract 11(2):163\u2013176","journal-title":"Softw Process Improv Pract"},{"key":"222_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang J, Wang J (2008) Review on free and open source software. In: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE international conference on service operations and logistics, and informatics (SOLI), pp 1044\u20131049","DOI":"10.1109\/SOLI.2008.4686552"},{"key":"222_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stol KJ, Babar MA, Russo B, Fitzgerald B (2009) The use of empirical methods in open source software research: facts, trends and future directions. In: 2009 ICSE workshop on emerging trends in free\/libre\/open source software research and development (FLOSS 2009), pp 19\u201324","DOI":"10.1109\/FLOSS.2009.5071355"},{"key":"222_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferenc R, Siket I, Gyimothy T (2004) Extracting facts from open source software. In: Proceedings of the 20th IEEE international conference on software maintenance, pp 60\u201369","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.2004.1357790"},{"issue":"3","key":"222_CR13","first-page":"284","volume":"37","author":"D Hedgebeth","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hedgebeth D (2007) Gaining competitive advantage in a knowledge-based economy through the utilization of open source software. VINE J Inform Knowl Manag Syst 37(3):284\u2013294","journal-title":"VINE J Inform Knowl Manag Syst"},{"key":"222_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golden E, John BE, Bass L (2005) The value of a usability-supporting architectural pattern in software architecture design: a controlled experiment. In: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on software engineering, 15\u201321 May, St. Louis, MO, USA","DOI":"10.1145\/1062455.1062538"},{"key":"222_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakagawa EY, de Sousa EPM, de Brito MK, de Faria AG, Morelli LB, Maldonado JC (2008) Software architecture relevance in open source software evolution: a case study. In: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE 32nd international computer software and applications conference (COMPSAC), pp 1234\u20131239","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC.2008.171"},{"issue":"1","key":"222_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2575.2002.00117.x","volume":"12","author":"L Stamelos","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stamelos L, Angelis L, Oikonomou A, Bleris GL (2002) Code quality analysis in open source software development. Inform Syst J 12(1):43\u201360","journal-title":"Inform Syst J"},{"key":"222_CR17","unstructured":"Feller J, Fitzgerald B (2000) A Framework Analysis of the Open Source Software Development Paradigm. In: Proceedings of the 21st annual international conference on information systems, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, pp 58\u201369"},{"issue":"2","key":"222_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4018\/jdm.2008040102","volume":"19","author":"S Koch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Koch S, Neumann C (2008) Exploring the effects of process characteristics on product quality in open source software development. J Database Manag 19(2):31\u201357","journal-title":"J Database Manag"},{"issue":"10","key":"222_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2005.112","volume":"31","author":"T Gyimothy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gyimothy T, Ferenc R, Siket I (2005) Empirical validation of object-oriented metrics on open source software for fault prediction. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 31(10):897\u2013910","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"key":"222_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-3723(08)70137-4","volume":"9","author":"S Mansfield-Devine","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mansfield-Devine S (2008) Open source: does transparency lead to security? Comput Fraud Secur 9:11\u201313","journal-title":"Comput Fraud Secur"},{"key":"222_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samoladas I, Gousios G, Spinellis D, Stamelos I (2008) The SQO-OSS quality model: measurement based open source software evaluation. In: Open source development, communities and quality\u2014OSS 2008: 4th international conference on open source systems, pp 237\u2013248","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-09684-1_19"},{"key":"222_CR22","series-title":"Extracted from succeeding with open source","volume-title":"Making open source ready for the enterprise, the open source maturity model","author":"B Golden","year":"2005","unstructured":"Golden B (2005) Making open source ready for the enterprise, the open source maturity model., Extracted from succeeding with open sourceAddison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading"},{"key":"222_CR23","unstructured":"Business Readiness Rating. Business readiness rating for open source. http:\/\/www.openbrr.org"},{"key":"222_CR24","unstructured":"QSOS. Method for qualification and selection of open source software (qsos) version 1.6. http:\/\/www.qsos.org"},{"key":"222_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deprez JC, Alexandre S (2008) Comparing assessment methodologies for free\/open source software: OpenBRR and QSOS. In: Jedlitschka A, Salo O (eds) PROFES 2008. LNCS, vol 5089, pp 189\u2013203. Springer, Heidelberg","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69566-0_17"},{"key":"222_CR26","unstructured":"ISO 9241 (1997). Ergonomics requirements for office with visual display terminals (VDTs)"},{"key":"222_CR27","unstructured":"International Standard ISO\/IEC 9126-1 (2001) Software Engineering\u2014Product Quality\u2014Part 1: Quality Model, 1st edn, pp 9\u201310"},{"issue":"2","key":"222_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/spip.256","volume":"11","author":"DM Nichols","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nichols DM, Twidale MB (2006) Usability processes in open source projects. Softw Process Improv Pract 11(2):149\u2013162","journal-title":"Softw Process Improv Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"222_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2007.2","volume":"24","author":"M Aberdour","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aberdour M (2007) Achieving quality in open-source software. IEEE Softw 24(1):58\u201364. doi: 10.1109\/MS.2007.2","journal-title":"IEEE Softw"},{"issue":"4","key":"222_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1145\/1273961.1273971","volume":"14","author":"F Sampson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sampson F (2007) Who said \u201cusability is free\u201d? Interactions 14(4):10\u201311","journal-title":"Interactions"},{"key":"222_CR31","unstructured":"Twidale MB, Nichols DM (2005) Exploring usability discussions in open source development. In: Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp 198\u2013208"},{"key":"222_CR32","unstructured":"Bodker M, Nielsen L, Orngreen RN (2007) Enabling user centered design processes in open source communities: usability and internationalization, HCI and culture. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Usability and Internationalization, UI-HCII 2007. Held as Part of HCI International 2007, part I, pp 10\u201318"},{"key":"222_CR33","unstructured":"Zhao L, Deek FP (2006) Exploratory inspection\u2014a learning model for improving open source software usability. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI \u201806, pp 1589\u20131594"},{"key":"222_CR34","unstructured":"Cetin G, Verzulli D, Frings S (2007) An analysis of involvement of HCI experts in distributed software development: practical issues\u201d, Online Communities and Social Computing. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference, OCSC 2007. Held as Part of HCI International 2007, pp 32\u201340"},{"issue":"5","key":"222_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1145\/332833.332843","volume":"43","author":"B Shneiderman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shneiderman B (2000) Universal usability. Commun ACM 43(5):84\u201391","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"222_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viorres N, Xenofon P, Stavrakis M, Vlachogiannis E, Koutsabasis P, Darzentas J (2007) Major HCI challenges for open source software adoption and development. In: Douglas (ed) Proceedings of Schuler. OCSC 2007\u2014Online Communities and Social Computing, Second International Conference, Beijing, China, pp 455\u2013464","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-73257-0_50"},{"key":"222_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rusu C, Rusu V, Roncagliolo S (2008) Usability practice: the appealing way to HCI. In: Proceedings of first international conference on advances in computer\u2013human interaction, achi-2008, pp 265\u2013270","DOI":"10.1109\/ACHI.2008.14"},{"issue":"3","key":"222_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1145\/353519.343076","volume":"32","author":"X Faulkner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Faulkner X, Culwin F (2000) Integrating HCI and SE. ACM SIGCSE Bull 32(3):61\u201364","journal-title":"ACM SIGCSE Bull"},{"key":"222_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iivari N, Hedberg H, Kirves T (2008) Usability in company open source software context. Initial findings from an empirical case study. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on open source systems (co-located with the World Computer Congress), Milan","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-09684-1_33"},{"key":"222_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benson C, Muller-Prove M, Mzourek J (2004) Professional usability in open source projects: GNOME, OpenOffice.org, NetBeans. In: Proceedings of the CHI \u201804 extended abstracts on human factors in computing systems, Vienna, Austria","DOI":"10.1145\/985921.985991"},{"key":"222_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(02)00159-0","volume":"70","author":"E Folmer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Folmer E, Bosch J (2004) Architecting for usability: a survey. J Syst Softw 70:61\u201378","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"key":"222_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555","volume":"16","author":"LJ Cronbach","year":"1951","unstructured":"Cronbach LJ (1951) Coefficient alpha and the internal consistency of tests. Psychometrica 16:297\u2013334","journal-title":"Psychometrica"},{"key":"222_CR43","volume-title":"Measuring and assessing organizations","author":"AH Ven van de","year":"1980","unstructured":"van de Ven AH, Ferry DL (1980) Measuring and assessing organizations. Wiley, NY"},{"key":"222_CR44","volume-title":"Classroom applications of educational measurement","author":"A Osterhof","year":"2001","unstructured":"Osterhof A (2001) Classroom applications of educational measurement. Prentice Hall, NJ"},{"key":"222_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1037\/h0046016","volume":"56","author":"DT Campbell","year":"1959","unstructured":"Campbell DT, Fiske DW (1959) Convergent and discriminant validation by the multi-trait multi-method matrix. Psychol Bull 56:81\u2013105","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"222_CR46","volume-title":"A first course on factor analysis","author":"AL Comrey","year":"1992","unstructured":"Comrey AL, Lee HB (1992) A first course on factor analysis, 2nd edn. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale","edition":"2"},{"key":"222_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291817","volume":"35","author":"HF Kaiser","year":"1970","unstructured":"Kaiser HF (1970) A second generation little jiffy. Psychometrika 35:401\u2013417","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"222_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000116","volume":"20","author":"HF Kaiser","year":"1960","unstructured":"Kaiser HF (1960) The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educ Psychol Measur 20:141\u2013151","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Measur"},{"key":"222_CR49","unstructured":"Stevens J (1986) Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. Erlbaum, Hillsdale"},{"key":"222_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.2307\/3151718","volume":"19","author":"C Fornell","year":"1982","unstructured":"Fornell C, Bookstein FL (1982) Two structural equation models: LISREL and PLS applied to consumer exit voice theory. J Mark Res 19:440\u2013452","journal-title":"J Mark Res"},{"key":"222_CR51","volume-title":"Systems under indirect observation: causality, structure and prediction","author":"K Joreskog","year":"1982","unstructured":"Joreskog K, Wold H (1982) Systems under indirect observation: causality, structure and prediction. North Holland, The Netherlands"},{"key":"222_CR52","unstructured":"Wikipedia (2010). http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/P-value"},{"key":"222_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Twidale M (2005) Silver bullet or fool\u2019s gold: supporting usability in open source software development. In: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on software engineering","DOI":"10.1145\/1062455.1062468"},{"issue":"2","key":"222_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2007.05.005","volume":"37","author":"SYT Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee SYT, Kim HW, Gupta S (2009) Measuring open source software success. Omega 37(2):426\u2013438","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"3","key":"222_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1145\/1140123.1140142","volume":"38","author":"H Koppelman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Koppelman H, Van Dijk B (2006) Creating a realistic context for team projects in HCI. SIGCSE Bull 38(3):58\u201362","journal-title":"SIGCSE Bull"},{"key":"222_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4625-2","volume-title":"Experimentation in software engineering","author":"C Wohlin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wohlin C, Runeson P, Host M, Ohlsson MC, Regnell B, Wesslen A (2000) Experimentation in software engineering. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell"},{"key":"222_CR57","volume-title":"A history and theory of informed consent","author":"RR Faden","year":"1986","unstructured":"Faden RR, Beauchamp TL, King NMP (1986) A history and theory of informed consent. Oxford University Press, New York"},{"key":"222_CR58","volume-title":"Experimentation with human beings","author":"J Katz","year":"1972","unstructured":"Katz J (1972) Experimentation with human beings. Russell Sage Foundation, New York"}],"container-title":["Engineering with Computers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00366-011-0222-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00366-011-0222-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00366-011-0222-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]],"date-time":"2019-06-11T00:56:13Z","timestamp":1560214573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00366-011-0222-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,21]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["222"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00366-011-0222-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0177-0667","1435-5663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0177-0667","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5663","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,21]]}}}