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However, even when we adopt a reduced model with simplified physics, the complex geometries of parts usually produced by the LPBF AM processes make this kind of analysis computationally expensive. In fact, small geometrical features\u2014which might be generated when the part is designed following the principle of the so-called design for AM, for instance, by means of topology optimization procedures\u2014often require complex conformal meshes. Immersed boundary methods offer an alternative to deal with this kind of complexity, without requiring complicated meshing strategies. The two-level method lies within this family of numerical methods and presents a flexible tool to deal with multi-scale problems. In this contribution, we apply a modified version of the recently introduced two-level method to part-scale thermal analysis of LPBF manufactured components. We first validate the proposed part-scale model with respect to experimental measurements from the literature. Then, we apply the presented numerical framework to simulate a complete LPBF process of a topologically optimized structure, showing the capability of the method to easily deal with complex geometrical features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00366-022-01669-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,18]],"date-time":"2022-06-18T08:04:16Z","timestamp":1655539456000},"page":"4815-4828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Two-level method part-scale thermal analysis of laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Massimo","family":"Carraturo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8556-3499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Viguerie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Reali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinando","family":"Auricchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1669_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"041304","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4937809","volume":"2","author":"WE King","year":"2015","unstructured":"King WE, Anderson AT, Ferencz RM, Hodge NE, Kamath C, Khairallah SA, Rubenchik AM (2015) Laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of metals; physics, computational, and materials challenges. 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