{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T16:33:32Z","timestamp":1783096412127,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N00014-18-1-2685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-18-1-2685"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Engineering with Computers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00366-023-01786-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T21:33:38Z","timestamp":1675287218000},"page":"1711-1733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A comparison of manufacturing constraints in 3D topologically optimized heat sinks for forced air cooling"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Tianye","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Gasick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sicheng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9159-9877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1786_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matcom.2007.07.001","volume":"79","author":"JJ Alonso","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alonso JJ, LeGresley P, Pereyra V (2009) Aircraft design optimization. Math Comput Simul 79(6):1948\u20131958","journal-title":"Math Comput Simul"},{"key":"1786_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2021.114270","volume":"389","author":"R Behrou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Behrou R, Kirsch K, Ranjan R, Guest JK (2022) Topology optimization of additively manufactured fluidic components free of internal support structures. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 389:114270","journal-title":"Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng"},{"key":"1786_CR3","volume-title":"Topology optimization: theory, methods, and applications","author":"MP Bends\u00f8e","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bends\u00f8e MP, Sigmund O (2003) Topology optimization: theory, methods, and applications. Springer, Berlin"},{"issue":"9","key":"1786_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.116","volume":"50","author":"B Bourdin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bourdin B (2001) Filters in topology optimization. Int J Numer Methods Eng 50(9):2143\u20132158","journal-title":"Int J Numer Methods Eng"},{"key":"1786_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dede EM, Joshi SN, Zhou F (2015) Topology optimization, additive layer manufacturing, and experimental testing of an air-cooled heat sink. J Mech Des 137(11)","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4030989"},{"key":"1786_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0470013826","volume-title":"Finite element methods for flow problems","author":"J Donea","year":"2003","unstructured":"Donea J, Huerta A (2003) Finite element methods for flow problems. Wiley, New York"},{"issue":"3","key":"1786_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2007.09.026","volume":"227","author":"H Elman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Elman H, Howle VE, Shadid J, Shuttleworth R, Tuminaro R (2008) A taxonomy and comparison of parallel block multi-level preconditioners for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. J Comput Phys 227(3):1790\u20131808","journal-title":"J Comput Phys"},{"key":"1786_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.04.150","volume":"137","author":"S Ford","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ford S, Despeisse M (2016) Additive manufacturing and sustainability: an exploratory study of the advantages and challenges. J Clean Prod 137:1573\u20131587","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"1786_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gasick J, Qian X (2021) Simultaneous topology and machine orientation optimization for multiaxis machining. Int J Numer Methods Eng 6839","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.6839"},{"issue":"5","key":"1786_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-016-1551-x","volume":"54","author":"AT Gaynor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gaynor AT, Guest JK (2016) Topology optimization considering overhang constraints: Eliminating sacrificial support material in additive manufacturing through design. Struct Multidiscip Optim 54(5):1157\u20131172","journal-title":"Struct Multidiscip Optim"},{"key":"1786_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaynor AT, Meisel NA, Williams CB, Guest JK (2014) Topology optimization for additive manufacturing: considering maximum overhang constraint. In: 15th AIAA\/ISSMO multidisciplinary analysis and optimization conference, p 2036","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2014-2036"},{"issue":"6","key":"1786_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-011-0632-0","volume":"44","author":"AR Gersborg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gersborg AR, Andreasen CS (2011) An explicit parameterization for casting constraints in gradient driven topology optimization. Struct Multidiscip Optim 44(6):875\u2013881","journal-title":"Struct Multidiscip Optim"},{"key":"1786_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guest JK, Zhu M (2012) Casting and milling restrictions in topology optimization via projection-based algorithms. In: Volume 3: 38th design automation conference, parts A and B. Chicago, Illinois, USA: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, pp 913\u2013920","DOI":"10.1115\/DETC2012-71507"},{"key":"1786_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.01.078","volume":"121","author":"JHK Haertel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haertel JHK, Engelbrecht K, Lazarov BS, Sigmund O (2018) Topology optimization of a pseudo 3D thermofluid heat sink model. Int J Heat Mass Transf 121:1073\u20131088","journal-title":"Int J Heat Mass Transf"},{"key":"1786_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2021.114488","volume":"391","author":"LC H\u00f8gh\u00f8j","year":"2022","unstructured":"H\u00f8gh\u00f8j LC, Tr\u00e4ff EA (2022) An advection-diffusion based filter for machinable designs in topology optimization. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 391:114488","journal-title":"Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"1786_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-010-0562-2","volume":"44","author":"A Kawamoto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kawamoto A, Matsumori T, Yamasaki S, Nomura T, Kondoh T, Nishiwaki S (2011) Heaviside projection based topology optimization by a PDE-filtered scalar function. Struct Multidiscip Optim 44(1):19\u201324","journal-title":"Struct Multidiscip Optim"},{"key":"1786_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.05.007","volume":"64","author":"AA Koga","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koga AA, Lopes ECC, Nova HFV, de Lima CR, Silva ECN (2013) Development of heat sink device by using topology optimization. Int J Heat Mass Transf 64:759\u2013772","journal-title":"Int J Heat Mass Transf"},{"key":"1786_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kranz J, Herzog D, Emmelmann C (2015) Design guidelines for laser additive manufacturing of lightweight structures in TiAl6V4. J Laser Appl 27(S1):S14001","DOI":"10.2351\/1.4885235"},{"key":"1786_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2019.03.037","volume":"351","author":"M Langelaar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Langelaar M (2019) Topology optimization for multi-axis machining. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 351:226\u2013252","journal-title":"Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng"},{"key":"1786_CR20","first-page":"60","volume":"12","author":"M Langelaar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Langelaar M (2016) Topology optimization of 3D self-supporting structures for additive manufacturing. Addit Manuf 12:60\u201370","journal-title":"Addit Manuf"},{"issue":"6","key":"1786_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.3072","volume":"86","author":"BS Lazarov","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lazarov BS, Sigmund O (2011) Filters in topology optimization based on Helmholtztype differential equations. Int J Numer Methods Eng 86(6):765\u2013781","journal-title":"Int J Numer Methods Eng"},{"key":"1786_CR22","volume":"168","author":"G Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee G, Lee I, Kim SJ (2021) Topology optimization of a heat sink with an axially uniform cross-section cooled by forced convection. Int J Heat Mass Transf 168:120732","journal-title":"Int J Heat Mass Transf"},{"issue":"11","key":"1786_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1080\/0305215X.2016.1141203","volume":"48","author":"J Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu J, Duke K, Ma Y (2016) Multi-material plastic part design via the level set shape and topology optimization method. Eng Optim 48(11):1910\u20131931","journal-title":"Eng Optim"},{"key":"1786_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2016.07.017","volume":"100","author":"J Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu J, Ma Y (2016) A survey of manufacturing oriented topology optimization methods. Adv Eng Softw 100:161\u2013175","journal-title":"Adv Eng Softw"},{"issue":"3","key":"1786_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-015-1263-7","volume":"52","author":"J Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu J, Ma YS (2015) 3D level-set topology optimization: a machining feature-based approach. Struct Multidiscip Optim 52(3):563\u2013582","journal-title":"Struct Multidiscip Optim"},{"key":"1786_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23099-8","volume-title":"Automated solution of differential equations by the finite element method: the FEniCS book","author":"A Logg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Logg A, Mardal K-A, Wells G (2012) Automated solution of differential equations by the finite element method: the FEniCS book, vol 84. Springer, Berlin"},{"key":"1786_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Logg A, Mardal KA, Wells G (eds) (2012) Automated solution of differential equations by the finite element method: the fenics book. In: Lecture notes in computational science and engineering, vol 84. Springer, Heidelberg","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23099-8"},{"key":"1786_CR28","first-page":"666","volume":"21","author":"F Mezzadri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mezzadri F, Bouriakov V, Qian X (2018) Topology optimization of self-supporting support structures for additive manufacturing. Addit Manuf 21:666\u2013682","journal-title":"Addit Manuf"},{"key":"1786_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2020.109365","volume":"410","author":"F Mezzadri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mezzadri F, Qian X (2020) A second-order measure of boundary oscillations for overhang control in topology optimization. J Comput Phys 410:109365","journal-title":"J Comput Phys"},{"key":"1786_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2020.102825","volume":"122","author":"AM Mirzendehdel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mirzendehdel AM, Behandish M, Nelaturi S (2020) Topology optimization with accessibility constraint for multi-axis machining. Comput Aided Des 122:102825","journal-title":"Comput Aided Des"},{"key":"1786_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2016.08.006","volume":"81","author":"AM Mirzendehdel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mirzendehdel AM, Suresh K (2016) Support structure constrained topology optimization for additive manufacturing. Comput Aided Des 81:1\u201313","journal-title":"Comput Aided Des"},{"issue":"3","key":"1786_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.5461","volume":"111","author":"X Qian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qian X (2017) Undercut and overhang angle control in topology optimization: a density gradient based integral approach. Int J Numer Methods Eng 111(3):247\u2013272","journal-title":"Int J Numer Methods Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"1786_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-016-1421-6","volume":"54","author":"X Qian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qian X, Dede EM (2016) Topology optimization of a coupled thermal-fluid system under a tangential thermal gradient constraint. Struct Multidiscip Optim 54(3):531\u2013551","journal-title":"Struct Multidiscip Optim"},{"key":"1786_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2012.08.020","volume":"253","author":"X Qian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Qian X, Sigmund O (2013) Topological design of electromechanical actuators with robustness toward over- and under-etching. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 253:237\u2013251","journal-title":"Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"1786_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1137\/0914028","volume":"14","author":"Y Saad","year":"1993","unstructured":"Saad Y (1993) A flexible inner-outer preconditioned GMRES algorithm. SIAM J Sci Comput 14(2):461\u2013469","journal-title":"SIAM J Sci Comput"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"1786_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-017-0218-0","volume":"92","author":"Y Sato","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sato Y, Yamada T, Izui K, Nishiwaki S (2017) Manufacturability evaluation for molded parts using fictitious physical models, and its application in topology optimization. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 92(1\u20134):1391\u20131409","journal-title":"Int J Adv Manuf Technol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1786_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-013-0978-6","volume":"48","author":"O Sigmund","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sigmund O, Maute K (2013) Topology optimization approaches: a comparative review. Struct Multidiscip Optim 48(6):1031\u20131055","journal-title":"Struct Multidiscip Optim"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"1786_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-018-1601-1","volume":"96","author":"M Simons","year":"2018","unstructured":"Simons M (2018) Additive manufacturing\u2014a revolution in progress? Insights from a multiple case study. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 96(1\u20134):735\u2013749","journal-title":"Int J Adv Manuf Technol"},{"issue":"9\u201312","key":"1786_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-012-4403-x","volume":"66","author":"G Strano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Strano G, Hao L, Everson RM, Evans KE (2013) A new approach to the design and optimisation of support structures in additive manufacturing. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 66(9\u201312):1247\u20131254","journal-title":"Int J Adv Manuf Technol"},{"key":"1786_CR40","volume":"178","author":"S Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun S, Liebersbach P, Qian X (2020) 3D topology optimization of heat sinks for liquid cooling. Appl Therm Eng 178:115540","journal-title":"Appl Therm Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"1786_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.1620240207","volume":"24","author":"K Svanberg","year":"1987","unstructured":"Svanberg K (1987) The method of moving asymptotes\u2014a new method for structural optimization. Int J Numer Methods Eng 24(2):359\u2013373","journal-title":"Int J Numer Methods Eng"},{"key":"1786_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas DS, Gilbert SW (2014) Costs and cost effectiveness of additive manufacturing. Technical report NIST SP 1176. National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST SP 1176","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.1176"},{"key":"1786_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2016.07.002","volume":"100","author":"SL Vatanabe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vatanabe SL, Lippi TN, Lima CR, Paulino GH, Silva ECN (2016) Topology optimization with manufacturing constraints: a unified projection-based approach. Adv Eng Softw 100:97\u2013112","journal-title":"Adv Eng Softw"},{"key":"1786_CR44","volume":"34","author":"C Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang C, Qian X (2020) Simultaneous optimization of build orientation and topology for additive manufacturing. Addit Manuf 34:101246","journal-title":"Addit Manuf"},{"key":"1786_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang C, Qian X, Gerstler WD, Shubrooks J (2018) Boundary slope control in topology optimization for additive manufacturing. In: Volume 2: materials; joint MSEC-NAMRC-manufacturing USA. College Station, Texas, USA: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, V002T07A002","DOI":"10.1115\/MSEC2018-6399"},{"issue":"6","key":"1786_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1063\/1.168744","volume":"12","author":"HG Weller","year":"1998","unstructured":"Weller HG, Tabor G, Jasak H, Fureby C (1998) A tensorial approach to computational continuum mechanics using object-oriented techniques. Comput Phys 12(6):620","journal-title":"Comput Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"1786_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-018-1922-6","volume":"58","author":"K Yaji","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yaji K, Ogino M, Chen C, Fujita K (2018) Large-scale topology optimization incorporating local-in-time adjoint-based method for unsteady thermal-fluid problem. Struct Multidiscip Optim 58(2):817\u2013822","journal-title":"Struct Multidiscip Optim"},{"issue":"6","key":"1786_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1007\/s12206-010-0328-1","volume":"24","author":"GH Yoon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yoon GH (2010) Topological design of heat dissipating structure with forced convective heat transfer. J Mech Sci Technol 24(6):1225\u20131233","journal-title":"J Mech Sci Technol"},{"key":"1786_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.01.039","volume":"121","author":"S Zeng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zeng S, Kanargi B, Lee PS (2018) Experimental and numerical investigation of a mini channel forced air heat sink designed by topology optimization. Int J Heat Mass Transf 121:663\u2013679","journal-title":"Int J Heat Mass Transf"},{"issue":"1","key":"1786_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cja.2020.09.020","volume":"34","author":"J Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu J, Zhou H, Wang C, Zhou L, Yuan S, Zhang W (2021) A review of topology optimization for additive manufacturing: status and challenges. Chin J Aeron 34(1):91\u2013110","journal-title":"Chin J Aeron"}],"container-title":["Engineering with Computers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00366-023-01786-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00366-023-01786-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00366-023-01786-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T19:17:30Z","timestamp":1685560650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00366-023-01786-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1786"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00366-023-01786-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0177-0667","1435-5663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0177-0667","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5663","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 August 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 February 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. All the co- authors have confirmed to know the submission of the manuscript by the corresponding author.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}