{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T17:43:22Z","timestamp":1769622202457,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003662","name":"Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20017668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20017668"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003662","name":"Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20017668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20017668"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003662","name":"Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20017668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20017668"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Engineering with Computers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00366-025-02259-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T03:59:37Z","timestamp":1769572777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rapid prediction of dross formation and surface roughness using a stochastic CA model in L-PBF"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Seung Yeop","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kun Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Da Hye","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jae Woo","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dae Cheol","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jae Wook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2259_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121600","volume":"178","author":"I Kaur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaur I, Singh P (2021) State-of-the-art in heat exchanger additive manufacturing. Int J Heat Mass Transf 178:121600","journal-title":"Int J Heat Mass Transf"},{"key":"2259_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.11.126","volume":"131","author":"IL Collins","year":"2019","unstructured":"Collins IL, Weibel JA, Pan L, Garimella SV (2019) A permeable-membrane microchannel heat sink made by additive manufacturing. Int J Heat Mass Transf 131:1174\u20131183","journal-title":"Int J Heat Mass Transf"},{"key":"2259_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2016.06.010","volume":"12","author":"M Langelaar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Langelaar M (2016) Topology optimization of 3D self-supporting structures for additive manufacturing. Additive Manuf 12:60\u201370","journal-title":"Additive Manuf"},{"key":"2259_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s40964-018-0061-3","volume":"4","author":"L Berrocal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Berrocal L, Fern\u00e1ndez R, Gonz\u00e1lez S, Peri\u00f1\u00e1n A, Tudela S, Vilanova J, Lasagni F (2019) Topology optimization and additive manufacturing for aerospace components. Progress Additive Manuf 4:83\u201395","journal-title":"Progress Additive Manuf"},{"key":"2259_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.03.116","volume":"137","author":"PH Tseng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tseng PH, Tsai KT, Chen AL, Wang CC (2019) Performance of novel liquid-cooled porous heat sink via 3-D laser additive manufacturing. Int J Heat Mass Transf 137:558\u2013564","journal-title":"Int J Heat Mass Transf"},{"key":"2259_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2023.120178","volume":"225","author":"SY Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee SY, Kim KW, Kim DH, Yang MS, Kim JW, Choi G, Park IS (2023) Optimization study on the uniform temperature of an additively manufactured cooler for a semiconductor heating device. Appl Therm Eng 225:120178","journal-title":"Appl Therm Eng"},{"key":"2259_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Careri F, Khan RH, Todd C, Attallah MM (2023) Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers in aerospace applications: a review. Appl Therm Eng, 121387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2023.121387"},{"key":"2259_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2019.108091","volume":"182","author":"N Sanaei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sanaei N, Fatemi A, Phan N (2019) Defect characteristics and analysis of their variability in metal L-PBF additive manufacturing. Mater Design 182:108091","journal-title":"Mater Design"},{"key":"2259_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2021.10.056","volume":"120","author":"L Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo L, Zhang L, Andersson J, Ojo O (2022) Additive manufacturing of 18% nickel Maraging steels: Defect, structure and mechanical properties: A review. J Mater Sci Technol 120:227\u2013252","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Technol"},{"key":"2259_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2019.108385","volume":"187","author":"A Du Plessis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Du Plessis A, Yadroitsava I, Yadroitsev I (2020) Effects of defects on mechanical properties in metal additive manufacturing: A review focusing on X-ray tomography insights. Mater Design 187:108385","journal-title":"Mater Design"},{"issue":"1","key":"2259_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14681","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-39948-z","volume":"13","author":"Z Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu Z, Wu S, Gao X, Lin Y, Xue Y, Withers PJ (2023) The role of internal defects on anisotropic tensile failure of L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloys. Sci Rep 13(1):14681","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2259_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2021.107338","volume":"143","author":"MG Mohammadi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohammadi MG, Mahmoud D, Elbestawi M (2021) On the application of machine learning for defect detection in L-PBF additive manufacturing. Opt Laser Technol 143:107338","journal-title":"Opt Laser Technol"},{"key":"2259_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2018.05.039","volume":"71","author":"C Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li C, Liu ZY, Fang XY, Guo YB (2018) Residual stress in metal additive manufacturing. Procedia Cirp 71:348\u2013353","journal-title":"Procedia Cirp"},{"key":"2259_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2019.02.020","volume":"27","author":"JL Bartlett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bartlett JL, Li X (2019) An overview of residual stresses in metal powder bed fusion. Additive Manuf 27:131\u2013149","journal-title":"Additive Manuf"},{"key":"2259_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2018.04.025","volume":"22","author":"JL Bartlett","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bartlett JL, Croom BP, Burdick J, Henkel D, Li X (2018) Revealing mechanisms of residual stress development in additive manufacturing via digital image correlation. Additive Manuf 22:1\u201312","journal-title":"Additive Manuf"},{"issue":"2","key":"2259_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13020255","volume":"13","author":"K Carpenter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carpenter K, Tabei A (2020) On residual stress development, prevention, and compensation in metal additive manufacturing. Materials 13(2):255","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"2259_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmapro.2021.04.041","volume":"68","author":"E Mirkoohi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mirkoohi E, Li D, Garmestani H, Liang SY (2021) Residual stress modeling considering microstructure evolution in metal additive manufacturing. J Manuf Process 68:383\u2013397","journal-title":"J Manuf Process"},{"key":"2259_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-019-04091-5","volume":"105","author":"L Bertini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bertini L, Bucchi F, Frendo F, Moda M, Monelli BD (2019) Residual stress prediction in selective laser melting: a critical review of simulation strategies. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 105:609\u2013636","journal-title":"Int J Adv Manuf Technol"},{"key":"2259_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2018.06.002","volume":"22","author":"B Ahmad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahmad B, van der Veen SO, Fitzpatrick ME, Guo H (2018) Residual stress evaluation in selective-laser-melting additively manufactured titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) and inconel 718 using the contour method and numerical simulation. Additive Manuf 22:571\u2013582","journal-title":"Additive Manuf"},{"key":"2259_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s40192-016-0047-2","volume":"5","author":"M Megahed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Megahed M, Mindt HW, N\u2019Dri N, Duan H, Desmaison O (2016) Metal additive-manufacturing process and residual stress modeling. Integrating Mater Manuf Innov 5:61\u201393","journal-title":"Integrating Mater Manuf Innov"},{"key":"2259_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.108779","volume":"193","author":"X Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song X, Feih S, Zhai W, Sun CN, Li F, Maiti R, Korsunsky AM (2020) Advances in additive manufacturing process simulation: residual stresses and distortion predictions in complex metallic components. Mater Design 193:108779","journal-title":"Mater Design"},{"key":"2259_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2021.102551","volume":"50","author":"A Charles","year":"2022","unstructured":"Charles A, Bayat M, Elkaseer A, Thijs L, Hattel JH, Scholz S (2022) Elucidation of Dross formation in laser powder bed fusion at down-facing surfaces: Phenomenon-oriented multiphysics simulation and experimental validation. Additive Manuf 50:102551","journal-title":"Additive Manuf"},{"key":"2259_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2017.06.044","volume":"250","author":"H Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen H, Gu D, Xiong J, Xia M (2017) Improving additive manufacturing processability of hard-to-process overhanging structure by selective laser melting. J Mater Process Technol 250:99\u2013108","journal-title":"J Mater Process Technol"},{"key":"2259_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2021.101892","volume":"39","author":"M Baier","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baier M, Sinico M, Witvrouw A, Dewulf W, Carmignato S (2021) A novel tomographic characterisation approach for Sag and Dross defects in metal additively manufactured channels. Additive Manuf 39:101892","journal-title":"Additive Manuf"},{"key":"2259_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2022.117957","volume":"411","author":"T Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang T, Yuan L (2022) Understanding surface roughness on vertical surfaces of 316 L stainless steel in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. Powder Technol 411:117957","journal-title":"Powder Technol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2259_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3460","DOI":"10.3390\/app13063460","volume":"13","author":"P Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin P, Wang M, Trofimov VA, Yang Y, Song C (2023) Research on the warping and Dross formation of an overhang structure manufactured by laser powder bed fusion. Appl Sci 13(6):3460","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"sup1","key":"2259_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S66","DOI":"10.1080\/17452759.2021.1896970","volume":"16","author":"S Feng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feng S, Kamat AM, Sabooni S, Pei Y (2021) Experimental and numerical investigation of the origin of surface roughness in laser powder bed fused overhang regions. Virtual Phys Prototyp 16(sup1):S66\u2013S84","journal-title":"Virtual Phys Prototyp"},{"issue":"3","key":"2259_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16031039","volume":"16","author":"SY Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee SY, Lee JW, Yang MS, Kim DH, Jung HG, Ko DC, Kim KW (2023) Facet Connectivity-Based Estimation algorithm for manufacturability of supportless parts fabricated via LPBF. Materials 16(3):1039","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"7","key":"2259_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-022-10314-z","volume":"123","author":"V Viale","year":"2022","unstructured":"Viale V, Stavridis J, Salmi A, Bondioli F, Saboori A (2022) Optimisation of Downskin parameters to produce metallic parts via laser powder bed fusion process: an overview. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 123(7):2159\u20132182","journal-title":"Int J Adv Manuf Technol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2259_CR30","first-page":"2639","volume":"17","author":"N Valiyakath Vadakkan Habeeb","year":"2024","unstructured":"Valiyakath Vadakkan Habeeb N, Islam R, Chou K (2024) Influence of Pre-and Post-Contouring strategies to Downskin sloped surfaces in laser Powder-Bed fusion (L-PBF). Additive Manuf Mater 17(11):2639","journal-title":"Additive Manuf Mater"},{"key":"2259_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-019-03716-z","volume":"103","author":"B Whip","year":"2019","unstructured":"Whip B, Sheridan L, Gockel J (2019) The effect of primary processing parameters on surface roughness in laser powder bed additive manufacturing. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 103:4411\u20134422","journal-title":"Int J Adv Manuf Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2259_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"051106","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4050455","volume":"143","author":"SR Narasimharaju","year":"2021","unstructured":"Narasimharaju SR, Liu W, Zeng W, See TL, Scott P, Jiang X, Lou S (2021) Surface texture characterization of metal selective laser melted part with varying surface inclinations. J Tribol 143(5):051106","journal-title":"J Tribol"},{"key":"2259_CR33","unstructured":"Li Y, Lu Y, Amin AA, Liu WK (2022) Stochastic additive manufacturing simulation: from experiment to surface roughness and porosity prediction. arXiv preprint arXiv:2208.02907"},{"key":"2259_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2024.104214","volume":"87","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Y, Mojumder S, Lu Y, Amin A, Guo A, Xie J, Liu X, W. K (2024) Statistical parameterized physics-based machine learning digital shadow models for laser powder bed fusion process. Additive Manuf 87:104214","journal-title":"Additive Manuf"},{"key":"2259_CR35","first-page":"1","volume":"192","author":"Y Alyousifi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alyousifi Y, Ibrahim K, Kang W, Zin WZW (2020) Modeling the spatio-temporal dynamics of air pollution index based on Spatial Markov chain model. Environ Monit Assess 192:1\u201324","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"issue":"1","key":"2259_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s13753-018-0209-2","volume":"10","author":"R Ardianto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ardianto R, Chhetri P (2019) Modeling spatial\u2013temporal dynamics of urban residential fire risk using a Markov chain technique. Int J Disaster Risk Sci 10(1):57\u201373","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Sci"},{"key":"2259_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109033","volume":"195","author":"Q Chai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chai Q, Fang C, Hu J, Xing Y, Huang D (2020) Cellular automaton model for the simulation of laser cladding profile of metal alloys. Mater Design 195:109033","journal-title":"Mater Design"},{"issue":"5","key":"2259_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2019.1568441","volume":"33","author":"H Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu H, Li Z, Clarke KC, Shi W, Fang L, Lin A, Zhou J (2019) Examining the sensitivity of Spatial scale in cellular automata Markov chain simulation of land use change. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 33(5):1040\u20131061","journal-title":"Int J Geogr Inf Sci"},{"key":"2259_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rsase.2017.01.005","volume":"5","author":"P Ghosh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghosh P, Mukhopadhyay A, Chanda A, Mondal P, Akhand A, Mukherjee S, Hazra S (2017) Application of cellular automata and Markov-chain model in Geospatial environmental modeling-A review. Remote Sens Applications: Soc Environ 5:64\u201377","journal-title":"Remote Sens Applications: Soc Environ"},{"key":"2259_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcs.2014.09.009","volume":"559","author":"J Mairesse","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mairesse J, Marcovici I (2014) Around probabilistic cellular automata. Theor Comput Sci 559:42\u201372","journal-title":"Theor Comput Sci"},{"key":"2259_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2014.07.046","volume":"277","author":"JD Hyman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hyman JD, Winter CL (2014) Stochastic generation of explicit pore structures by thresholding Gaussian random fields. J Comput Phys 277:16\u201331","journal-title":"J Comput Phys"},{"key":"2259_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addlet.2024.100196","volume":"9","author":"J Berez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Berez J, Dushaj E, Jost E, Salda\u00f1a C, Fu K (2024) Measurement of focal plane error in laser powder bed fusion machines. Additive Manuf Lett 9:100196","journal-title":"Additive Manuf Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"2259_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2019.05.004","volume":"68","author":"RK Leach","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leach RK, Bourell D, Carmignato S, Donmez A, Senin N, Dewulf W (2019) Geometrical metrology for metal additive manufacturing. CIRP Ann 68(2):677\u2013700","journal-title":"CIRP Ann"},{"key":"2259_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmapro.2020.11.030","volume":"61","author":"T Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang T, Liu T, Liao W, Wei H, Zhang C, Chen X, Zhang K (2021) Effect of processing parameters on overhanging surface roughness during laser powder bed fusion of AlSi10Mg. J Manuf Process 61:440\u2013453","journal-title":"J Manuf Process"},{"key":"2259_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.precisioneng.2018.09.007","volume":"57","author":"S Lou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lou S, Jiang X, Sun W, Zeng W, Pagani L, Scott PJ (2019) Characterisation methods for powder bed fusion processed surface topography. Precis Eng 57:1\u201315","journal-title":"Precis Eng"},{"key":"2259_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.precisioneng.2021.12.003","volume":"74","author":"S Detwiler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Detwiler S, Watring D, Spear A, Raeymaekers B (2022) Relating the surface topography of as-built inconel 718 surfaces to laser powder bed fusion process parameters using multivariate regression analysis. Precis Eng 74:303\u2013315","journal-title":"Precis Eng"},{"key":"2259_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2021.102089","volume":"46","author":"DR Gunasegaram","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gunasegaram DR, Murphy AB, Barnard A, DebRoy T, Matthews MJ, Ladani L, Gu D (2021) Towards developing multiscale-multiphysics models and their surrogates for digital twins of metal additive manufacturing. Additive Manuf 46:102089","journal-title":"Additive Manuf"}],"container-title":["Engineering with Computers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00366-025-02259-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00366-025-02259-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00366-025-02259-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T05:04:17Z","timestamp":1769576657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00366-025-02259-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2259"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00366-025-02259-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0177-0667","1435-5663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0177-0667","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5663","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"29"}}