{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T19:10:09Z","timestamp":1736622609248,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,31]],"date-time":"2006-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162252800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Visual Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-006-0085-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,30]],"date-time":"2006-10-30T17:32:27Z","timestamp":1162229547000},"page":"25-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Enhancing computer graphics through machine learning: a survey"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Dinerstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parris K.","family":"Egbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"85_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566626","volume":"21","author":"B. Allen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Allen, B., Curless, B., Popovi\u0107, Z.: Articulated body deformations from range scan data. ACM Trans. Graph. 21(3), 612\u2013619 (2002)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"issue":"3","key":"85_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1145\/882262.882311","volume":"22","author":"B. Allen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Allen, B., Curless, B., Popovi\u0107, Z.: The space of human body shapes: reconstruction and parameterization from range scans. ACM Trans. Graph. 22(3), 587\u2013594 (2003)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"issue":"3","key":"85_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566606","volume":"21","author":"O. Arikan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arikan, O., Forsyth, D.: Interactive motion generation from examples. ACM Trans. Graph. 21(3), 483\u2013490 (2002)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"issue":"3","key":"85_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1145\/882262.882284","volume":"22","author":"O. Arikan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Arikan, O., Forsyth, D., O\u2019Brien, J.: Motion synthesis from annotations. ACM Trans. Graph. 22(3), 402\u2013408 (2003)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"issue":"4","key":"85_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1145\/225294.225295","volume":"14","author":"J. Auslander","year":"1995","unstructured":"Auslander, J., Fukunaga, A., Partovi, H., Christensen, J., Hsu, L., Reiss, P., Shuman, A., Marks, J., Ngo, J.: Further experience with controller-based automatic motion synthesis for articulated figures. ACM Trans. Graph. 14(4), 311\u2013336 (1995)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"issue":"8","key":"85_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1145\/310930.310975","volume":"42","author":"N. Badler","year":"1999","unstructured":"Badler, N., Palmer, M., Bindiganavale, R.: Animation control for real-time virtual humans. Commun. ACM 42(8), 65\u201373 (1999)","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"issue":"1","key":"85_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/2945.910817","volume":"7","author":"J. Barhak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Barhak, J., Fischer, A.: Parameterization and reconstruction from 3D scattered points based on neural network and PDE technologies. IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graph. 7(1), 1\u201316 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graph."},{"unstructured":"Bergen, D.E., Bock, P.: Applying collective learning systems theory to reactive actor design and control. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Multi-Strategy Learning (1998)","key":"85_CR8"},{"key":"85_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198538493.001.0001","volume-title":"Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition","author":"C.M. Bishop","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bishop, C.M.: Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition. Clarendon, Oxford (1995)"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanz, V., Vetter, T.: A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1999, pp. 187\u2013194. ACM SIGGRAPH, New York (1999)","key":"85_CR10","DOI":"10.1145\/311535.311556"},{"key":"85_CR11","first-page":"417","volume-title":"Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2002","author":"B. Blumberg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Blumberg, B., Downie, M., Ivanov, Y., Berlin, M., Johnson, M.P., Tomlinson, B.: Integrated learning for interactive synthetic characters. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2002, pp. 417\u2013426. ACM SIGGRAPH, New York (2002)"},{"unstructured":"Bowden, R.: Learning statistical models of human motion. In: Proceedings of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. IEEE, Washington, D.C. (2000)","key":"85_CR12"},{"key":"85_CR13","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1999","author":"M. Brand","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brand, M.: Voice puppetry. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1999, pp. 21\u201328. ACM SIGGRAPH, New York (1999)"},{"unstructured":"Brand, M.: Charting a manifold. In: Proceedings of Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS \u201902), pp. 961\u2013968 (2002)","key":"85_CR14"},{"key":"85_CR15","first-page":"399","volume-title":"Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000","author":"M. Brand","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brand, M., Hertzmann, A.: Style machines. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000, pp. 399\u2013407. ACM SIGGRAPH, New York (2000)"},{"key":"85_CR16","first-page":"425","volume-title":"Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2001","author":"C. Buehler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Buehler, C., Bosse, M., McMillan, L., Gortler, S., Cohen, M.: Unstructured lumigraph rendering. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2001, pp. 425\u2013432. ACM SIGGRAPH, New York (2001)"},{"unstructured":"Burke, R., Isla, D., Downie, M., Ivanov, Y., Blumberg, B.: Creature smarts: The art and architecture of a virtual brain. In: Proceedings of the Computer Game Developers Conference (2001)","key":"85_CR17"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, Y., Faloutsos, P., Kohler, E., Pighin, F.: Real-time speech motion synthesis from recorded motions. In: Proceedings of Eurographics\/SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, pp. 345\u2013353 (2004)","key":"85_CR18","DOI":"10.1145\/1028523.1028570"},{"unstructured":"Cao, Y., Faloutsos, P., Pighin, F.: Unsupervised learning for speech motion editing. In: Proceedings of Eurographics\/SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, pp. 225\u2013231 (2003)","key":"85_CR19"},{"issue":"3","key":"85_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566601","volume":"21","author":"W.C. Chen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chen, W.C., Bouguet, J.Y., Chu, M.H., Grzeszczuk, R.: Efficient representation and hardware rendering of surface light fields. ACM Trans. Graph. 21(3), 447\u2013456 (2002)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"issue":"3","key":"85_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10867651.1999.10487505","volume":"4","author":"P.H. Christensen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Christensen, P.H.: Faster photon map global illumination. J. Graph. Tools 4(3), 1\u201310 (1999)","journal-title":"J. Graph. Tools"},{"key":"85_CR22","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Lecture Notes on AI 2792","author":"T. Conde","year":"2003","unstructured":"Conde, T., Tambellini, W., Thalmann, D.: Behavioral animation of autonomous virtual agents helped by reinforcement learning. In: Lecture Notes on AI 2792, pp. 175\u2013180. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (2003)"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cordier, F., Magnenat-Thalmann, N.: A data-driven approach for real-time clothes simulation. Comput. Graph. Forum 24(2) (2005)","key":"85_CR23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2005.00841.x"},{"key":"85_CR24","volume-title":"Handbook of Genetic Algorithms","author":"L. Davis","year":"1991","unstructured":"Davis, L.: Handbook of Genetic Algorithms. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1991)"},{"unstructured":"Dinerstein, J.: Improved linear grouping. In: Proceedings of Computer Graphics and Artificial Intelligence, pp. 137\u2013142 (2002)","key":"85_CR25"},{"issue":"1","key":"85_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10867651.2001.10487532","volume":"6","author":"J. Dinerstein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dinerstein, J., Egbert, L., Flann, N.: Linear grouping: a method for optimizing 3D vertex transformation and clipping. J. Graph. Tools 6(1), 1\u20136 (2001)","journal-title":"J. Graph. Tools"},{"unstructured":"Dinerstein, J., Egbert, P.: Improved behavioral animation through regression. In: Proceedings of Computer Animation and Social Agents (CASA \u201904), pp. 231\u2013238. Computer Graphics Society (2004)","key":"85_CR27"},{"issue":"2","key":"85_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.8","volume":"15","author":"J. Dinerstein","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dinerstein, J., Egbert, P., de Garis, H., Dinerstein, N.: Fast and learnable behavioral and cognitive modeling for virtual character animation. J. Comput. Anim. Virt. Worlds 15(2), 95\u2013108 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Comput. Anim. Virt. Worlds"},{"issue":"2","key":"85_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1145\/1061347.1061352","volume":"24","author":"J. Dinerstein","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dinerstein, J., Egbert, P.K.: Fast multi-level adaptation for interactive autonomous characters. ACM Trans. Graph. 24(2), 262\u2013288 (2005)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"issue":"2","key":"85_CR30","first-page":"221","volume":"7","author":"J. Dinerstein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dinerstein, J., Hoffmann, M., Egbert, P.K., Turner, K.: Planar grouping for fast affine transformation and clipping. J. Geom. Graph. 7(2), 221\u2013236 (2003)","journal-title":"J. Geom. Graph."},{"issue":"1","key":"85_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0824-7935.2005.00266.x","volume":"21","author":"J. Dinerstein","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dinerstein, J., Ventura, D., Egbert, P.K.: Fast and robust incremental action prediction for interactive agents. Comput. Intell. 21(1), 90\u2013110 (2005)","journal-title":"Comput. Intell."},{"key":"85_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1162\/106454699568728","volume":"5","author":"M. Dorigo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dorigo, M., Caro, G.D., Gambardella, L.M.: Ant algorithms for discrete optimization. Artif. Life 5, 137\u2013172 (1999)","journal-title":"Artif. Life"},{"issue":"2","key":"85_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1145\/636886.636888","volume":"22","author":"R. Dumont","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dumont, R., Pellacini, F., Ferwerda, J.A.: Perceptually-driven decision theory for interactive realistic rendering. ACM Trans. Graph. 22(2), 152\u2013181 (2003)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"key":"85_CR34","first-page":"64","volume":"89","author":"J. Duncan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Duncan, J.: Ring masters. Cinefex 89, 64\u2013131 (2002)","journal-title":"Cinefex"},{"issue":"3","key":"85_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566594","volume":"21","author":"T. Ezzat","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ezzat, T., Geiger, G., Poggio, T.: Trainable videorealistic speech animation. ACM Trans. Graph. 21(3), 388\u2013398 (2002)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"key":"85_CR36","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2001","author":"P. Faloutsos","year":"2001","unstructured":"Faloutsos, P., van de Panne, M., Terzopoulos, D.: Composible controllers for physics-based character animation. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2001, pp. 39\u201348. ACM SIGGRAPH, New York (2001)"},{"key":"85_CR37","first-page":"209","volume-title":"Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1997","author":"M. Garland","year":"1997","unstructured":"Garland, M., Heckbert, P.S.: Surface simplification using quadric error metrics. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1997, pp. 209\u2013216. ACM SIGGRAPH, New York (1997)"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gleicher, M., Shin, H.J., Kovar, L., Jepsen, A.: Snap-together motion: assembling run-time animations. In: Proceedings of Eurographics\/SIGGRAPH Animation Symposium, pp. 181\u2013188 (2003)","key":"85_CR38","DOI":"10.1145\/1201775.882333"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Go, J., Vu, T., Kuffner, J.J.: Autonomous behaviors for interactive vehicle animations. In: Proceedings of Eurographics\/SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, pp. 9\u201318 (2004)","key":"85_CR39","DOI":"10.1145\/1028523.1028525"},{"unstructured":"Gritz, L., Hahn, J.K.: Genetic programming evolution of controllers for 3D character animation. In: Genetic Programming, pp. 139\u2013146 (1997)","key":"85_CR40"},{"key":"85_CR41","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1995","author":"R. Grzeszczuk","year":"1995","unstructured":"Grzeszczuk, R., Terzopoulos, D.: Automated learning of muscle-actuated locomotion through control abstraction. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1995, pp. 63\u201370. ACM SIGGRAPH, New York (1995)"},{"key":"85_CR42","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1998","author":"R. Grzeszczuk","year":"1998","unstructured":"Grzeszczuk, R., Terzopoulos, D., Hinton, G.: NeuroAnimator: Fast neural network emulation and control of physics-based models. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1998, pp. 9\u201320. ACM SIGGRAPH, New York (1998)"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haro, A., Essa, I.: Learning video processing by example. In: Proceedings of 16th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 487\u2013491 (2002)","key":"85_CR43","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2002.1044771"},{"key":"85_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/vis.306","volume":"14","author":"K. Hase","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hase, K., Miuashita, K., Ok, S., Arakawa, Y.: Human gait simulation with a neuromusculoskeletal model and evolutionary computation. J. Visual. Comput. Anim. 14, 73\u201392 (2003)","journal-title":"J. Visual. Comput. Anim."},{"key":"85_CR45","volume-title":"Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation","author":"S. Haykin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Haykin, S.: Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation, 2nd edn. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ (1999)"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hays, J., Essa, I.: Image and video-based painterly animation. In: Proceedings of Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering, pp. 113\u2013120 (2004)","key":"85_CR46","DOI":"10.1145\/987657.987676"},{"issue":"4","key":"85_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1109\/5254.708428","volume":"13","author":"M. Hearst","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hearst, M.: Support vector machines. IEEE Intell. Syst. 13(4), 18\u201328 (1998)","journal-title":"IEEE Intell. Syst."},{"key":"85_CR48","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1999","author":"W. Heidrich","year":"1999","unstructured":"Heidrich, W., Seidel, H.P.: Realistic, hardware-accelerated shading and lighting. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1999, pp. 171\u2013178. ACM SIGGRAPH, New York (1999)"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hertzmann, A.: Machine learning for computer graphics: A manifesto and tutorial. In: Proceedings of Pacific Graphics, pp. 22\u201336. Invited paper (2003)","key":"85_CR49","DOI":"10.1109\/PCCGA.2003.1238242"},{"key":"85_CR50","first-page":"327","volume-title":"Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2001","author":"A. Hertzmann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hertzmann, A., Jacobs, C.E., Oliver, N., Curless, B., Salesin, D.H.: Image analogies. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2001, pp. 327\u2013340. ACM SIGGRAPH, New York (2001)"},{"key":"85_CR51","volume-title":"Differential Topology","author":"M. Hirsch","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hirsch, M.: Differential Topology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1997)"},{"unstructured":"Hoffmann, M.: Local update of b-spline surfaces by kohonen neural network. In: Procedings of Computer Graphics and Artificial Intelligence, pp. 103\u2013112 (2002)","key":"85_CR52"},{"key":"85_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(89)90020-8","volume":"2","author":"K. Hornik","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hornik, K., Stinchcomb, M., White, H.: Multi-layer feedforward networks are universal approximators. Neural Net. 2, 359\u2013366 (1989)","journal-title":"Neural Net."},{"unstructured":"Isla, D., Burke, R., Downie, M., Blumberg, B.: A layered brain architecture for synthetic creatures. In: Proceedings of IJCAI, pp. 1051\u20131058 (2001)","key":"85_CR54"},{"issue":"3","key":"85_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1145\/882262.882359","volume":"22","author":"D.L. James","year":"2003","unstructured":"James, D.L., Fatahalian, K.: Pre-computing interactive dynamic deformable scenes. ACM Trans. Graph. 22(3), 879\u2013887 (2003)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"key":"85_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/b10685","volume-title":"Realistic Image Synthesis Using Photon Mapping","author":"H.W. Jensen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jensen, H.W.: Realistic Image Synthesis Using Photon Mapping. Peters, Natick, MA (2001)"},{"key":"85_CR57","first-page":"311","volume-title":"Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1998","author":"H.W. Jensen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jensen, H.W., Christensen, P.H.: Efficient simulation of light transport in scenes with participating media using photon maps. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1998, pp. 311\u2013320. ACM SIGGRAPH, New York (1998)"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeong, W.K., Ivrissimtzis, I.P., Seidel, H.P.: Neural meshes: Statistical learning-based on normals. In: Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications, pp. 404\u2013408 (2003)","key":"85_CR58","DOI":"10.1109\/PCCGA.2003.1238284"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, M.P., Wilson, A., Kline, C., Blumberg, B., Bobick, A.: Sympathetic interfaces: using a plush toy to direct synthetic characters. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 152\u2013158 (1999)","key":"85_CR59","DOI":"10.1145\/302979.303028"},{"key":"85_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.301","volume":"4","author":"L. Kaelbling","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kaelbling, L., Littman, M., Moore, A.: Reinforcement learning: A survey. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 4, 237\u2013285 (1996)","journal-title":"J. Artif. Intell. Res."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kautz, J., McCool, M.D.: Interactive rendering with arbitrary BRDFs using seperable approximations. In: Proceedings of Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques, pp. 281\u2013289 (1999)","key":"85_CR61","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6809-7_22"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kautz, J., Seidel, H.P.: Towards interactive bump mapping with anisotropic shift-variant BRDFs. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH\/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics Hardware, pp. 51\u201358 (2000)","key":"85_CR62","DOI":"10.1145\/346876.348214"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, F., Cordier, N., Magnenat-Thalmann, N.: Neural network-based violinist\u2019s hand animation. In: Computer Graphics International, pp. 37\u201341 (2000)","key":"85_CR63","DOI":"10.1109\/CGI.2000.852318"},{"key":"85_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-88163-3","volume-title":"Self-Organization and Associative Memory","author":"T. Kohonen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kohonen, T.: Self-Organization and Associative Memory, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1989)"},{"issue":"3","key":"85_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015760","volume":"23","author":"L. Kovar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kovar, L., Gleicher, M.: Automated extraction and parameterization of motions in large data sets. ACM Trans. Graph. 23(3), 559\u2013568 (2004)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"issue":"3","key":"85_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566605","volume":"21","author":"L. Kovar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kovar, L., Gleicher, M., Pighin, F.: Motion graphs. ACM Trans. Graph. 21(3), 473\u2013482 (2002)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"key":"85_CR67","volume-title":"Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection","author":"J.R. Koza","year":"1992","unstructured":"Koza, J.R.: Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (1992)"},{"key":"85_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1994.1104","volume":"235","author":"A. Krogh","year":"1994","unstructured":"Krogh, A., Brown, M., Mian, I.S., Sjolander, K., Haussler, D.: Hidden markov models in computational biology: Applications to protein modeling. J. Mol. Biol. 235, 1501\u20131531 (1994)","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuffner, J.J., Latombe, J.C.: Fast synthetic vision, memory, and learning models for virtual humans. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Animation (1999)","key":"85_CR69","DOI":"10.1109\/CA.1999.781205"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laird, J.: It knows what you\u2019re going to do: adding anticipation to the Quakebot. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pp. 385\u2013392 (2001)","key":"85_CR70","DOI":"10.1145\/375735.376343"},{"issue":"3","key":"85_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566607","volume":"21","author":"J. Lee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lee, J., Chai, J., Reitsma, P., Hodgins, J., Pollard, N.: Interactive control of avatars animated with human motion data. ACM Trans. Graph. 21(3), 491\u2013500 (2002)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J., Lee, K.H.: Pre-computing avatar behavior from human motion data. In: Proceedings of Eurographics\/SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, pp. 79\u201387 (2004)","key":"85_CR72","DOI":"10.1145\/1028523.1028535"},{"key":"85_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.36","volume":"15","author":"J.R. Lee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lee, J.R., Williams, A.B.: Behavior development through task oriented discourse. J. Comput. Anim. Virt. Worlds 15, 327\u2013337 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Comput. Anim. Virt. Worlds"},{"issue":"3","key":"85_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566604","volume":"21","author":"Y. Li","year":"2002","unstructured":"Li, Y., Wang, T., Shum, H.: Getting humanoids to move and imitate. ACM Trans. Graph. 21(3), 465\u2013472 (2002)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim, I.S., Thalmann, D.: Pro-actively interactive evolution for computer animation. In: Proceedings of Eurographics Workshop on Animation and Simulation (1999)","key":"85_CR75","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6423-5_5"},{"key":"85_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019656327617","volume":"5","author":"J. Liu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Liu, J., Qin, H.: Behavioral self-organization in lifelike synthetic agents. Auton. Agents Multi Agent Syst. 5, 397\u2013428 (2002)","journal-title":"Auton. Agents Multi Agent Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"85_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566610","volume":"21","author":"L. Lutta","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lutta, L., Kolb, A.: Homomorphic factorization of BRDF-based lighting computation. ACM Trans. Graph. 21(3), 509\u2013516 (2002)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"unstructured":"Lv, F., Kang, J., Nevatia, R., Cohen, I., Medioni, G.: Automatic tracking and labeling of human activities in a video sequence. In: Proceedings of Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance (PETS \u201904). IEEE (2004)","key":"85_CR78"},{"issue":"3","key":"85_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1145\/882262.882343","volume":"22","author":"W. Matusik","year":"2003","unstructured":"Matusik, W., Pfister, H., Brand, M., McMillan, L.: A data-driven reflectance model. ACM Trans. Graph. 22(3), 759\u2013769 (2003)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"key":"85_CR80","volume-title":"Statistics","author":"J. McClave","year":"2004","unstructured":"McClave, J., Sincich, T.: Statistics, 9th edn. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ (2004)"},{"key":"85_CR81","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2001","author":"M.D. McCool","year":"2001","unstructured":"McCool, M.D., Ang, J., Ahmad, A.: Homomorphic factorization of BRDFs for high-performance rendering. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2001, pp. 171\u2013178. ACM SIGGRAPH, New York (2001)"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Metoyer, R., Hodgins, J.: Reactive pedestrian path following from examples. In: Proccedings of Computer Animation and Social Agents, pp. 149\u2013156 (2003)","key":"85_CR82","DOI":"10.1109\/CASA.2003.1199318"},{"key":"85_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0097-8493(98)00121-6","volume":"23","author":"J. Millar","year":"1999","unstructured":"Millar, J., Hanna, J., Kealy, S.: A review of behavioral animation. Comput. Graph. J. 23, 127\u2013143 (1999)","journal-title":"Comput. Graph. J."},{"unstructured":"Mitchell, T.: Machine Learning. WCB\/McGraw-Hill, (1997)","key":"85_CR84"},{"key":"85_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1778(199901\/03)10:1<39::AID-VIS195>3.0.CO;2-2","volume":"10","author":"F. Multon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Multon, F.: Computer animation of human walking: a survey. J. Visual. Comput. Anim. 10, 39\u201354 (1999)","journal-title":"J. Visual. Comput. Anim."},{"key":"85_CR86","first-page":"343","volume-title":"Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1993","author":"J. Ngo","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ngo, J., Marks, J.: Spacetime constraints revisited. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1993, pp. 343\u2013350. ACM SIGGRAPH, New York (1993)"},{"issue":"1","key":"85_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)00117-H","volume":"19","author":"H. Noser","year":"1995","unstructured":"Noser, H., Renault, O., Thalmann, D., Magnenat-Thalmann, N.: Navigation for digital actors based on synthetic vision, memory and learning. Comput. Graph. 19(1), 7\u201319 (1995)","journal-title":"Comput. Graph."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van de Panne, M., Fiume, E.: Sensor-actuator networks. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1993. ACM Press \/ ACM SIGGRAPH (1993)","key":"85_CR88","DOI":"10.1145\/166117.166159"},{"unstructured":"van de Panne, M., Kim, R., Fiume, E.: Synthesizing parameterized motions. In: Proceedings of 5th Eurographics Workshop on Simulation and Animation (1994)","key":"85_CR89"},{"key":"85_CR90","volume-title":"Computer Animation: Algorithms and Techniques","author":"R. Parent","year":"2002","unstructured":"Parent, R.: Computer Animation: Algorithms and Techniques. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (2002)"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pighin, F., Cohen, J.M., Shah, M.: Modeling and editing flows using advected radial basis functions. In: Proceedings of Eurographics\/SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, pp. 223\u2013232 (2004)","key":"85_CR91","DOI":"10.1145\/1028523.1028552"},{"key":"85_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0097-8493(99)00165-X","volume":"24","author":"A. Pina","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pina, A., Cerezo, E., Seron, F.: Computer animation: from avatars to unrestricted autonomous actors (a survey on replication and modeling mechanisms). Comput. Graph. J. 24, 297\u2013311 (2000)","journal-title":"Comput. Graph. J."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pina, A., Gutierrez, D., Seron, F.J., Cerezo, E.: The alvw system: an interface for smart behavior-based 3D computer animation. In: Proceedings of Symposium on Smart Graphics, pp. 17\u201320 (2002)","key":"85_CR93","DOI":"10.1145\/569005.569008"},{"unstructured":"Pina, A., Seron, F.J., Gutierrez, D.: Behavior and Alife: building behavior in computer animation and computer games. In: Proceedings of the 3rd IASTED International Conference: Visualization, Imaging, and Image Processing, pp. 25\u201330 (2003)","key":"85_CR94"},{"issue":"3","key":"85_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566608","volume":"21","author":"K. Pullen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pullen, K., Bregler, C.: Motion capture assisted animation: texturing and synthesis. ACM Trans. Graph. 21(3), 501\u2013508 (2002)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"issue":"2","key":"85_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1109\/5.18626","volume":"77","author":"L.R. Rabiner","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rabiner, L.R.: A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition. Proc. IEEE 77(2), 257\u2013286 (1989)","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"issue":"3","key":"85_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8659.00526","volume":"20","author":"L. Reissell","year":"2001","unstructured":"Reissell, L., Pai, D.: Modeling stochastic dynamical systems for interactive simulation. Comput. Graph. Forum 20(3), 339\u2013348 (2001)","journal-title":"Comput. Graph. Forum"},{"issue":"5","key":"85_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1109\/38.708559","volume":"18","author":"C. Rose","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rose, C., Cohen, M.F., Bodenheimer, B.: Verbs and adverbs: multi-dimensional motion interpolation. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 18(5), 32\u201341 (1998)","journal-title":"IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl."},{"key":"85_CR99","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach","author":"S. Russell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Russell, S., Norvig, P.: Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 2nd edn. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ (2003)"},{"issue":"3","key":"85_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015754","volume":"23","author":"A. Safonova","year":"2004","unstructured":"Safonova, A., Hodgins, J., Pollard, N.: Synthesizing physically realistic human motion in low-dimensional, behavior-specific spaces. ACM Trans. Graph. 23(3), 514\u2013521 (2004)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"unstructured":"Salesin, D.: The need for machine learning in computer graphics. Keynote Address at Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS \u201903). http:\/\/www.research.microsoft.com\/\u223csalesin\/MLforCG.ppt. Cited (2003)","key":"85_CR101"},{"issue":"3","key":"85_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1145\/882262.882310","volume":"22","author":"P. Sand","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sand, P., McMillan, L., Popovi\u0107, J.: Continuous capture of skin deformation. ACM Trans. Graph. 22(3), 578\u2013586 (2003)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"unstructured":"Sch\u00f6dl, A., Essa, I.: Machine learning for video-based rendering. In: Proceedings of Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS \u201901), pp. 1002\u20131008 (2001)","key":"85_CR103"},{"key":"85_CR104","first-page":"489","volume-title":"Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000","author":"A. Sch\u00f6dl","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6dl, A., Szeliski, R., Salesin, D.H., Essa, I.: Video textures. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000, pp. 489\u2013498. ACM SIGGRAPH, New York (2000)"},{"key":"85_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1162\/089976698300017467","volume":"10","author":"B. Scholkopf","year":"1998","unstructured":"Scholkopf, B., Smola, A.J., Muller, K.R.: Non-linear component analysis as a kernel eigenvalue problem. Neural Comput. 10, 1299\u20131319 (1998)","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Semet, Y., O\u2019Reilly, U.M., Durand, F.: An interactive artificial ant approach to non-photorealistic rendering. In: Proceedings of Genetic and Evolutionary Conference (GECCO \u201904) (2004)","key":"85_CR106","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24854-5_17"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seo, H., Magnenat-Thalmann, N.: An automatic modeling of human bodies from sizing parameters. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, pp. 19\u201326 (2003)","key":"85_CR107","DOI":"10.1145\/641480.641487"},{"key":"85_CR108","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1994","author":"K. Sims","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sims, K.: Evolving virtual creatures. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1994, pp. 15\u201322. ACM SIGGRAPH, New York (1994)"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, G., Das, S., Gosavi, S., Pujar, S.: Ant colony algorithms for Steiner trees: an application to routing in sensor networks. In: L.N. de Castro, F.J. von Zuben (eds.) Recent Developments in Biologically Inspired Computing, ch. 6. Idea Group, Hershey, PA (2004)","key":"85_CR109","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-59140-312-8.ch008"},{"key":"85_CR110","volume-title":"Image Processing \u2013 Analysis and Machine Vision","author":"M. Sonka","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sonka, M., Hlavac, V., Boyle, R.: Image Processing \u2013 Analysis and Machine Vision, 2nd edn. Brooks\/Cole, Pacific Grove, CA (1999)"},{"key":"85_CR111","volume-title":"Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction","author":"R. Sutton","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sutton, R., Barto, A.: Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1998)"},{"key":"85_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1145\/987657.987677","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering","author":"D. S\u00fdkora","year":"2004","unstructured":"S\u00fdkora, D., Buri\u00e1nek, J., \u017d\u00e1ra, J.: Unsupervised colorization of black-and-white cartoons. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering, pp. 121\u2013127. ACM, New York (2004)"},{"issue":"8","key":"85_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1145\/310930.310966","volume":"42","author":"D. Terzopoulos","year":"1999","unstructured":"Terzopoulos, D.: Artificial life for computer graphics. Commun. ACM 42(8), 33\u201342 (1999)","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomlinson, B., Blumberg, B.: Alphawolf: social learning, emotion and development in autonomous virtual agents. In: First GSFC\/JPL Workshop on Radical Agent Concepts (2002)","key":"85_CR114","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45173-0_2"},{"issue":"2","key":"85_CR115","first-page":"177","volume":"3","author":"L. V\u00e1rady","year":"1999","unstructured":"V\u00e1rady, L., Hoffmann, M., Kov\u00e1cs, E.: Improved free-form modeling of scattered data by dynamic neural networks. J. Geom. Graph. 3(2), 177\u2013181 (1999)","journal-title":"J. Geom. Graph."},{"issue":"3","key":"85_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015725","volume":"23","author":"M.A.O. Vasilescu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vasilescu, M.A.O., Terzopoulos, D.: TensorTextures: multi-linear image-based rendering. ACM Trans. Graph. 23(3), 336\u2013342 (2004)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"issue":"3","key":"85_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566576","volume":"21","author":"T. Welsh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Welsh, T., Ashikhmin, M., Mueller, K.: Transferring color to grayscale images. ACM Trans. Graph. 21(3), 277\u2013280 (2002)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"issue":"1","key":"85_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/0824-7935.00103","volume":"16","author":"D.R. Wilson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wilson, D.R., Martinez, T.: An integrated instance-based learning algorithm. Comput. Intell. 16(1), 1\u201328 (2000)","journal-title":"Comput. Intell."},{"unstructured":"Yannakakis, G.N., Levine, J., Hallam, J., Papageorgiou, M.: Performance, robustness and effort cost comparison of machine learning mechanisms in FlatLand. In: Proceedings of the 11th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation. IEEE, Washington, D.C. (2003)","key":"85_CR119"},{"unstructured":"Yoon, B., Burke, R., Blumberg, B.: Interactive training for synthetic characters. In: Proceedings of AAAI, pp. 249\u2013254 (2000)","key":"85_CR120"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, T., Nevatia, R.: Tracking multiple humans in crowded environment. In: Proceedings of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR \u201904). IEEE, Washington, D.C. (2004)","key":"85_CR121","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2004.1315192"}],"container-title":["The Visual Computer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-006-0085-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00371-006-0085-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-006-0085-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T18:46:16Z","timestamp":1736621176000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00371-006-0085-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,31]]},"references-count":121,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,4]]}},"alternative-id":["85"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-006-0085-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0178-2789"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-2315"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,31]]}}}