{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T16:43:17Z","timestamp":1772728997816,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]],"date-time":"2016-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465171200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vis Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-016-1273-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]],"date-time":"2016-06-06T19:17:08Z","timestamp":1465240628000},"page":"1141-1154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Denoising of natural images through robust wavelet thresholding and genetic programming"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Asem","family":"Khmag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abd Rahman","family":"Ramli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. A. R.","family":"Al-haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suhaimi","family":"Yusoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. H.","family":"Kamarudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1273_CR1","volume-title":"Digital Image Processing","author":"R Gonzalez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gonzalez, R., Woods, R.: Digital Image Processing. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (2008)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1273_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1080\/09747338.2013.10876113","volume":"54","author":"P Jain","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jain, P., Tyagi, V.: Spatial and frequency domain filters for restoration of noisy images. IETE J. Edu. 54(2), 108\u2013116 (2013)","journal-title":"IETE J. Edu."},{"issue":"3","key":"1273_CR3","first-page":"257","volume":"11","author":"A Khmag","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khmag, A., Ramli, A., Hashim, S., Al-Haddad, S.A.R.: Additive noise reduction in natural images using second-generation wavelet transform hidden Markov models. IEEJ Trans. Electr. Electron. Eng. 11(3), 257\u2013265 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEJ Trans. Electr. Electron. Eng."},{"key":"1273_CR4","first-page":"60","volume":"2","author":"A Buades","year":"2005","unstructured":"Buades, A., Coll, B., Morel, J.-M.: A non-local algorithm for image denoising. IEEE Conf. Comput. Soc. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. 2, 60\u201365 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Conf. Comput. Soc. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit."},{"issue":"9","key":"1273_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1109\/31.83870","volume":"38","author":"S-J Ko","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ko, S.-J., Lee, Y.H.: Center weighted median filters and their applications to image enhancement. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. 38(9), 984\u2013993 (1991)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"1273_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2010.2052257","volume":"19","author":"Y Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li, Y., Wei, H.-L., Billings, S.A.: Identification of time-varying systems using multi-wavelet basis functions. IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. 19(3), 656\u2013663 (2011)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"1273_CR7","first-page":"1","volume":"85","author":"Y Le","year":"2012","unstructured":"Le, Y., Wei, H.-L., Billings, S.A., Liao, X-f: Time-varying linear and nonlinear parametric model for Granger causality analysis. Phys. Rev. E. 85(4), 1\u20138 (2012)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E."},{"issue":"7","key":"1273_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1109\/34.56205","volume":"12","author":"P Perona","year":"1990","unstructured":"Perona, P., Malik, J.: Scale-space and edge detection using anisotropic diffusion. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 12(7), 629\u2013639 (1990)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"1273_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.1994.413269","volume":"1","author":"L Rudin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rudin, L., Osher, S.: Total variation based image restoration with free local constraints. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Process. 1, 31\u201335 (1994)","journal-title":"IEEE Int. Conf. Image Process."},{"key":"1273_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porikli, F.: Constant time O (1) bilateral filtering. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. pp. 1\u20138 (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2008.4587843"},{"issue":"5","key":"1273_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-014-0993-7","volume":"31","author":"P Jain","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jain, P., Tyagi, V.: An adaptive edge-preserving image denoising technique using tetrolet transforms. Vis. Comput. 31(5), 657\u2013674 (2014)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"key":"1273_CR12","volume-title":"Computer Vision","author":"L Shapiro","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shapiro, L., Stockman, G.C.: Computer Vision. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (2001)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1273_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007963824710","volume":"23","author":"SM Smith","year":"1997","unstructured":"Smith, S.M., Brady, J.M.: SUSAN-a new approach to low level image processing. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 23(1), 45\u201378 (1997)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"issue":"10","key":"1273_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2008.2002162","volume":"17","author":"L Shao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shao, L., Zhang, H., De Haan, G.: An overview and performance evaluation of classification-based least squares trained filters. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 17(10), 1772\u20131782 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"4","key":"1273_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-015-1087-x","volume":"32","author":"Q Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, Q., Zhang, C., Guo, Q., Xu, H., Zhou, Y.: Adaptive sparse coding on PCA dictionary for image denoising. Vis. Comput. 32(4), 535\u2013549 (2015)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"issue":"11","key":"1273_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.818640","volume":"12","author":"J Portilla","year":"2003","unstructured":"Portilla, J., Strela, V., Wainwright, M., Simoncelli, E.: Image denoising using scale mixtures of Gaussians in the wavelet domain. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 12(11), 1338\u20131351 (2003)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"8","key":"1273_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2007.901238","volume":"16","author":"K Dabov","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dabov, K., Foi, A., Katkovnik, V., Egiazarian, K.: Image denoising by sparse 3-D transform-domain collaborative filtering. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 16(8), 2080\u20132095 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"1273_CR18","unstructured":"Dabov, K., Foi, A., Katkovnik, V., Egiazarian, K.: BM3D image denoising with shape-adaptive principal component analysis. In: Processidng of SPARS\u201909-signal processing with adaptive sparse structured representations, pp. 1\u20136 (2009)"},{"key":"1273_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5990","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2005.1466004","volume":"6","author":"Y Wongsawat","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wongsawat, Y., Rao, K., Oraintara, S.: Multichannel SVD-based image de-noising. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst. 6, 5990\u20135993 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"1273_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orchard, J., Ebrahimi, M., Wong, A.: Efficient nonlocal-means denoising using the SVD. In: IEEE international conference on image processing, pp 1732\u20131735 (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2008.4712109"},{"issue":"12","key":"1273_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3736","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2006.881969","volume":"15","author":"M Elad","year":"2006","unstructured":"Elad, M., Aharon, M.: Image denoising via sparse and redundant representations over learned dictionaries. IEEE Trans. Image Proc. 15(12), 3736\u20133745 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Proc."},{"issue":"6","key":"1273_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2010.2042995","volume":"19","author":"P Bouboulis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bouboulis, P., Slavakis, K., Theodoridis, S.: Adaptive kernel-based image denoising employing semi-parametric regularization. IEEE Trans. Image Proc. 19(6), 1465\u20131479 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Proc."},{"issue":"12","key":"1273_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4689","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2013.2277813","volume":"22","author":"R Yan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yan, R., Shao, L., Liu, Y.: Nonlocal hierarchical dictionary learning using wavelets for image denoising. IEEE Trans. Image Proc. 22(12), 4689\u20134698 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Proc."},{"key":"1273_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, R., Shao, L. (eds.) Image blur classification and parameter identification using two-stage deep belief networks. British machine vision conference (BMVC), Bristol, UK (2013)","DOI":"10.5244\/C.27.70"},{"issue":"7","key":"1273_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2011.2108306","volume":"20","author":"W Dong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dong, W., Zhang, L., Shi, G., Wu, X.: Image deblurring and super-resolution by adaptive sparse domain selection and adaptive regularization. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 20(7), 1838\u20131857 (2011)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"1273_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrovi\u0107, N., Crnojevi\u0107, V.: Impulse noise detection based on robust statistics and genetic programming. In: Blanc-Talon, J., Philips, W., Popescu, D., Scheunders, P. (eds.) Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems, vol. 3708, pp. 643\u2013649. Springer, Berlin (2005)","DOI":"10.1007\/11558484_81"},{"key":"1273_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrovi\u0107, N.I., Crnojevi\u0107, V.S.: Evolutionary tree-structured filter for impulse noise removal. In: Blanc-Talon, J., Philips, W., Popescu, D., Scheunders, P. (eds.) Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems, Vol. 4179, pp. 103\u2013113. Springer, Berlin (2006)","DOI":"10.1007\/11864349_10"},{"issue":"4","key":"1273_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2010.02.011","volume":"21","author":"J Krommweh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krommweh, J.: Tetrolet transform: a new adaptive Haar wavelet algorithm for sparse image representation. J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent. 21(4), 364\u2013374 (2010)","journal-title":"J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent."},{"issue":"12","key":"1273_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parco.2008.09.005","volume":"34","author":"F Isgr\u00f2","year":"2008","unstructured":"Isgr\u00f2, F., Tegolo, D.: A distributed genetic algorithm for restoration of vertical line scratches. Parallel Comput. 34(12), 727\u2013734 (2008)","journal-title":"Parallel Comput."},{"issue":"3","key":"1273_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.07.018","volume":"37","author":"M Kor\u00fcrek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kor\u00fcrek, M., Y\u00fcksel, A., Iscan, Z., Dokur, Z., \u00d6lmez, T.: Retrospective correction of near field effect of X-ray source in radiographic images by using genetic algorithms. Expert Syst. Appl. 37(3), 1946\u20131954 (2010)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"7","key":"1273_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2008.924388","volume":"17","author":"N Petrovi\u0107","year":"2008","unstructured":"Petrovi\u0107, N., Crnojevi\u0107, V.: Universal impulse noise filter based on genetic programming. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 17(7), 1109\u20131120 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"11","key":"1273_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2002.805310","volume":"9","author":"S Zhang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Karim, M.A.: A new impulse detector for switching median filters. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 9(11), 360\u2013363 (2002)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"issue":"10","key":"1273_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2005.852196","volume":"14","author":"RH Chan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chan, R.H., Ho, C.-W., Nikolova, M.: Salt-and-pepper noise removal by median-type noise detectors and detail-preserving regularization. IEEE Trans. Image Proc. 14(10), 1479\u20131485 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Proc."},{"key":"1273_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2013.11.019","volume":"103","author":"R Yan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yan, R., Shao, L., Liu, L., Liu, Y.: Natural image denoising using evolved local adaptive filters. Signal Process 103, 36\u201344 (2014)","journal-title":"Signal Process"},{"issue":"2","key":"1273_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2012.09.013","volume":"34","author":"EY Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim, E.Y., Kim, K.-T., Kim, B.: Genetic algorithm-based reconstruction of old films corrupted by scratches and blotches. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 34(2), 226\u2013237 (2013)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"1273_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1166\/jmihi.2015.1523","volume":"5","author":"A Khmag","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khmag, A., Ramli, A., Al Haddad, S.: Design of natural image denoising filter based on second-generation wavelet transformation and principle component analysis. J. Med. Imaging Health Inform. 5(6), 1261\u20131266 (2015)","journal-title":"J. Med. Imaging Health Inform."},{"key":"1273_CR37","unstructured":"Koza, J.R.: Genetic programming II: Automatic Discovery of Reusable Programs. MIT Press, A Bradford Book, Cambridge (1994)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1273_CR38","first-page":"29","volume":"8","author":"Y Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, Y.: Image denoising method based on threshold, wavelet transform and genetic algorithm. Int. J. Signal Process. Image Process. Pattern Recognit. 8(2), 29\u201340 (2015)","journal-title":"Int. J. Signal Process. Image Process. Pattern Recognit."},{"issue":"7","key":"1273_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2009.2018575","volume":"18","author":"P Chatterjee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chatterjee, P., Milanfar, P.: Clustering-based denoising with locally learned dictionaries. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 18(7), 1438\u20131451 (2009)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"4","key":"1273_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2010.5681149","volume":"56","author":"T Thaipanich","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thaipanich, T., Oh, B.T., Wu, P., Xu, D., Kuo, C.: Improved image denoising with adaptive nonlocal means (ANL-means) algorithm. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 56(4), 2623\u20132630 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron."},{"key":"1273_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khmag, A., Ramli, A., Al Haddad, S.A.R., Hashim, S.J.: Denoising of natural image based on non-linear threshold filtering using discrete wavelet transformation. Int. Rev. Comput. Softw. (IRECOS) 9(8), 1348\u20131357 (2014)","DOI":"10.15866\/irecos.v9i8.2833"},{"key":"1273_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atkins, D., Neshatian, K., Zhang, M.: A domain independent genetic programming approach to automatic feature extraction for image classification. In: Evolutionary computation (CEC), congress on IEEE, pp. 238\u2013245 (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2011.5949624"},{"issue":"7","key":"1273_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2009.2018358","volume":"57","author":"F Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen, F., Ma, J.: An empirical identification method of Gaussian blur parameter for image deblurring. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 57(7), 2467\u20132478 (2009)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"1273_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burger, H.C., Schuler, C.J., Harmeling, S.: Image denoising: can plain neural networks compete with BM3D. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 2392\u20132399 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2012.6247952"},{"key":"1273_CR45","unstructured":"Everingham, M., Van Gool, L., Williams, CKI., Winn, J., Zisserman, A.: Pascal visual object classes challenge results. http:\/\/www.pascal-network.org (2005)"},{"key":"1273_CR46","volume-title":"A Field Guide to Genetic Programming","author":"R Poli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Poli, R., Langdon, W.P., McPhee, N.F., Koza, J.R.: A Field Guide to Genetic Programming. Lulu Enterprises UK Ltd, London (2008)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1273_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.819861","volume":"13","author":"Z Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Bovik, A.C., Sheikh, H.R., Simoncelli, E.P.: Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 13(4), 600\u2013612 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"4","key":"1273_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.140","volume":"35","author":"A Rajwade","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rajwade, A., Rangarajan, A., Banerjee, A.: Image denoising using the higher order singular value decomposition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 35(4), 849\u2013862 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"1273_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Gunturk, B.K.: Multiresolution bilateral filtering for image denoising. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 17(12), 2324\u20132333 (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2008.2006658"},{"issue":"4","key":"1273_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1109\/83.370679","volume":"4","author":"H Hwang","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hwang, H., Haddad, R.: Adaptive median filters: new algorithms and results. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 4(4), 499\u2013502 (1995)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"4","key":"1273_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2011.2172804","volume":"21","author":"B Xiong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xiong, B., Yin, Z.: A universal denoising framework with a new impulse detector and nonlocal means. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 21(4), 1663\u20131675 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."}],"container-title":["The Visual Computer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00371-016-1273-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-016-1273-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-016-1273-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-016-1273-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T09:14:30Z","timestamp":1568020470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00371-016-1273-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-016-1273-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0178-2789","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]]}}}