{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T20:36:32Z","timestamp":1769373392347,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]],"date-time":"2017-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506038400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61532009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61532009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61622305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61622305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61502238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61502238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NSFJPC","award":["20160040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20160040"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vis Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-017-1443-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]],"date-time":"2017-09-22T10:58:37Z","timestamp":1506077917000},"page":"1691-1699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Deeper cascaded peak-piloted network for weak expression recognition"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Zhenbo","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qinshan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangcan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1443_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agarwal, S., Santra, B., Mukherjee, D.P.: Anubhav : recognizing emotions through facial expression. Vis. Comput. 1\u201315 (2016)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-016-1323-z"},{"key":"1443_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bargal, S.A., Barsoum, E., Ferrer, C.C., Zhang, C.: Emotion recognition in the wild from videos using images. In: ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, pp. 433\u2013436 (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2993148.2997627"},{"key":"1443_CR3","unstructured":"Bartlett, M.S., Littlewort, G., Frank, M., Lainscsek, C., Fasel, I., Movellan, J.: Recognizing facial expression: Machine learning and application to spontaneous behavior. In: IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2005. CVPR 2005. vol. 2, pp. 568\u2013573 (2005)"},{"issue":"6\u20138","key":"1443_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-014-0960-3","volume":"30","author":"J Chi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chi, J., Tu, C., Zhang, C.: Dynamic 3d facial expression modeling using Laplacian smooth and multi-scale mesh matching. Vis. Comput. 30(6\u20138), 649\u2013659 (2014)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"key":"1443_CR5","unstructured":"Chopra, S., Hadsell, R., Lecun, Y.: Learning a similarity metric discriminatively, with application to face verification. In: IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2005. CVPR 2005. vol. 1, pp. 539\u2013546 (2005)"},{"issue":"6\u20138","key":"1443_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"32","author":"A Danelakis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Danelakis, A., Theoharis, T., Pratikakis, I.: A spatio-temporal wavelet-based descriptor for dynamic 3d facial expression retrieval and recognition. Vis. Comput. 32(6\u20138), 1\u201311 (2016)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"key":"1443_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhall, A., Goecke, R., Joshi, J., Hoey, J., Gedeon, T.: Emotiw 2016: video and group-level emotion recognition challenges. In: ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, pp. 427\u2013432 (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2993148.2997638"},{"key":"1443_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, Y., Lu, X., Li, D., Liu, Y.: Video-based emotion recognition using cnn-rnn and c3d hybrid networks. In: ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, pp. 445\u2013450 (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2993148.2997632"},{"key":"1443_CR9","volume-title":"Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition Using Longitudinal Facial Expression Atlases","author":"Y Guo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guo, Y., Zhao, G., Pietikainen, M.: Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition Using Longitudinal Facial Expression Atlases. Springer, Berlin (2012)"},{"key":"1443_CR10","first-page":"109","volume":"29","author":"S Han","year":"2016","unstructured":"Han, S., Meng, Z., KHAN, A.S., Tong, Y.: Incremental boosting convolutional neural network for facial action unit recognition. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. 29, 109\u2013117 (2016)","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"1443_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2016.11.029","volume":"66","author":"J He","year":"2016","unstructured":"He, J., Hu, J.F., Lu, X., Zheng, W.S.: Multi-task mid-level feature learning for micro-expression recognition. Pattern Recognit. 66, 44\u201352 (2016)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"1443_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 770\u2013778 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"issue":"5","key":"1443_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-014-0945-2","volume":"31","author":"AP Hung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hung, A.P., Wu, T., Hunter, P., Mithraratne, K.: A framework for generating anatomically detailed subject-specific human facial models for biomechanical simulations. Vis. Comput. 31(5), 527\u2013539 (2015)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"key":"1443_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaiswal, S., Valstar, M.: Deep learning the dynamic appearance and shape of facial action units. In: Winter Applications in Computer Vision, pp. 1\u20138 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2016.7477625"},{"key":"1443_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung, H., Lee, S., Yim, J., Park, S.: Joint fine-tuning in deep neural networks for facial expression recognition. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 2983\u20132991 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.341"},{"key":"1443_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klaser, A., Marszalek, M., Schmid, C.: A spatio-temporal descriptor based on 3d-gradients. In: British Machine Vision Conference 2008, Leeds, September (2008)","DOI":"10.5244\/C.22.99"},{"key":"1443_CR17","unstructured":"Li, X., Mori, G., Zhang, H.: Expression-invariant face recognition with expression classification. In: The Canadian Conference on Computer and Robot Vision, p. 77 (2006)"},{"key":"1443_CR18","volume-title":"Deeply Learning Deformable Facial Action Parts Model for Dynamic Expression Analysis","author":"M Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu, M., Li, S., Shan, S., Wang, R., Chen, X.: Deeply Learning Deformable Facial Action Parts Model for Dynamic Expression Analysis. Springer International Publishing, Berlin (2014)"},{"key":"1443_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, M., Shan, S., Wang, R., Chen, X.: Learning expression lets on spatio-temporal manifold for dynamic facial expression recognition. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1749\u20131756 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.226"},{"key":"1443_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, P., Han, S., Meng, Z., Tong, Y.: Facial expression recognition via a boosted deep belief network. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1805\u20131812 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.233"},{"issue":"4","key":"1443_CR21","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"YJ Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu, Y.J., Zhang, J.K., Yan, W.J., Wang, S.J., Zhao, G., Fu, X.: A main directional mean optical flow feature for spontaneous micro-expression recognition. IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput. 7(4), 1\u20131 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput."},{"key":"1443_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lucey, P., Cohn, J.F., Kanade, T., Saragih, J.: The extended Cohn\u2013Kanade dataset (ck+): a complete dataset for action unit and emotion-specified expression. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, pp. 94\u2013101 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2010.5543262"},{"key":"1443_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Metaxas, D.N., Huang, J., Liu, B., Yang, P., Liu, Q., Zhong, L.: Learning active facial patches for expression analysis. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2562\u20132569 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2012.6247974"},{"issue":"6","key":"1443_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2008.08.005","volume":"27","author":"C Shan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shan, C., Gong, S., Mcowan, P.W.: Facial expression recognition based on local binary patterns: a comprehensive study. Image Vis. Comput. 27(6), 803\u2013816 (2009)","journal-title":"Image Vis. Comput."},{"key":"1443_CR25","unstructured":"Simonyan, K., Zisserman, A.: Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition (2014). arXiv:1409.1556"},{"key":"1443_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szegedy, C., Ioffe, S., Vanhoucke, V., Alemi, A.: Inception-v4, inception-resnet and the impact of residual connections on learning. In: Workshop Track International Conference on Learning Representations, pp. 1\u201312 (2016)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v31i1.11231"},{"key":"1443_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szegedy, C., Liu, W., Jia, Y., Sermanet, P.: Going deeper with convolutions. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1\u201313 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298594"},{"key":"1443_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szegedy, C., Vanhoucke, V., Ioffe, S., Shlens, J., Wojna, Z.: Rethinking the inception architecture for computer vision. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2818\u20132826 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.308"},{"key":"1443_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taini, M., Zhao, G., Li, S.Z., Pietikainen, M.: Facial expression recognition from near-infrared video sequences. In: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 1\u20134 (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2008.4761697"},{"key":"1443_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valstar, M.F., Almaev, T., Girard, J.M., Mckeown, G.: Fera 2015 second facial expression recognition and analysis challenge. In: IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 1\u20138 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2015.7284874"},{"key":"1443_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, A., Cai, D., Hu, P., Wang, S., Sha, L., Chen, Y.: Holonet: towards robust emotion recognition in the wild. In: The ACM International Conference, pp. 472\u2013478 (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2993148.2997639"},{"key":"1443_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, Z., Zhang, C.: Image based static facial expression recognition with multiple deep network learning. In: ACM on International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, pp. 435\u2013442 (2015)","DOI":"10.1145\/2818346.2830595"},{"issue":"99","key":"1443_CR33","first-page":"1161","volume":"23","author":"K Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, K., Zhang, Z., Li, Z., Qiao, Y.: Joint face detection and alignment using multi-task cascaded convolutional networks. IEEE J. Solid State Circuits 23(99), 1161\u20131173 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circuits"},{"key":"1443_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Luo, P., Chen, C.L., Tang, X.: Facial landmark detection by deep multi-task learning. In: European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 94\u2013108 (2014)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10599-4_7"},{"key":"1443_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, R., Gan, Q., Wang, S., Ji, Q.: Facial expression intensity estimation using ordinal information. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3466\u20133474 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.377"},{"key":"1443_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, X., Liang, X., Liu, L., Li, T., Han, Y., Vasconcelos, N., Yan, S.: Peak-piloted deep network for facial expression recognition. In: European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 425\u2013442 (2016)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46475-6_27"}],"container-title":["The Visual Computer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00371-017-1443-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-017-1443-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-017-1443-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T21:28:00Z","timestamp":1750886880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00371-017-1443-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1443"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-017-1443-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0178-2789","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]]}}}