{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T05:16:04Z","timestamp":1773119764738,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]],"date-time":"2017-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Colombian National Fund for Science, Technology and Innovation, Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Caldas - COLCIENCIAS","award":["111571451061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111571451061"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vis Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-017-1463-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]],"date-time":"2017-12-20T08:52:50Z","timestamp":1513759970000},"page":"335-347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Camera-trap images segmentation using multi-layer robust principal component analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0039-1270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jhony-Heriberto","family":"Giraldo-Zuluaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Augusto","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Diaz-Pulido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1463_CR1","unstructured":"Aybat, N.S., Goldfarb, D., Iyengar, G.: Fast first-order methods for stable principal component pursuit. arXiv preprint arXiv:1105.2126 (2011)"},{"key":"1463_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2014.04.001","volume":"11","author":"T Bouwmans","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bouwmans, T.: Traditional and recent approaches in background modeling for foreground detection: an overview. Comput. Sci. Rev. 11, 31\u201366 (2014)","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"1463_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2016.11.001","volume":"23","author":"T Bouwmans","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bouwmans, T., Sobral, A., Javed, S., Jung, S.K., Zahzah, E.H.: Decomposition into low-rank plus additive matrices for background\/foreground separation: a review for a comparative evaluation with a large-scale dataset. Comput. Sci. Rev. 23, 1 (2016)","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"1463_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1145\/1970392.1970395","volume":"58","author":"EJ Cand\u00e8s","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cand\u00e8s, E.J., Li, X., Ma, Y., Wright, J.: Robust principal component analysis? JACM 58(3), 11 (2011)","journal-title":"JACM"},{"issue":"1","key":"1463_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007979827043","volume":"22","author":"V Caselles","year":"1997","unstructured":"Caselles, V., Kimmel, R., Sapiro, G.: Geodesic active contours. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 22(1), 61\u201379 (1997)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"issue":"1","key":"1463_CR6","first-page":"63","volume":"18","author":"A Diaz-Pulido","year":"2011","unstructured":"Diaz-Pulido, A., Payan, E.: Densidad de ocelotes (leopardus pardalis) en los llanos colombianos. Mastozool. Neotrop. 18(1), 63\u201371 (2011)","journal-title":"Mastozool. Neotrop."},{"key":"1463_CR7","unstructured":"Ebadi, S.E., Ones, V.G., Izquierdo, E.: Approximated robust principal component analysis for improved general scene background subtraction. arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.05875 (2016)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1463_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2011.06.003","volume":"6","author":"EH Fegraus","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fegraus, E.H., Lin, K., Ahumada, J.A., Baru, C., Chandra, S., Youn, C.: Data acquisition and management software for camera trap data: a case study from the team network. Ecol. Inf. 6(6), 345\u2013353 (2011)","journal-title":"Ecol. Inf."},{"key":"1463_CR9","unstructured":"Giraldo-Zuluaga, J.H., Salazar, A., Gomez, A., Diaz-Pulido, A.: Multi-layer robust principal component analysis website. https:\/\/goo.gl\/m59X6m (2017). Accessed 31 Dec 2017"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1463_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s10107-012-0530-2","volume":"141","author":"D Goldfarb","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goldfarb, D., Ma, S., Scheinberg, K.: Fast alternating linearization methods for minimizing the sum of two convex functions. Math. Program. 141(1\u20132), 349\u2013382 (2013)","journal-title":"Math. Program."},{"key":"1463_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goyette, N., Jodoin, P.M., Porikli, F., Konrad, J., Ishwar, P.: Changedetection. net: a new change detection benchmark dataset. In: 2012 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), pp. 1\u20138. IEEE (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2012.6238919"},{"key":"1463_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, J., Zhang, D., Balzano, L., Tao, T.: Iterative online subspace learning for robust image alignment. In:2013 10th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG), pp. 1\u20138. IEEE (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2013.6553759"},{"issue":"4","key":"1463_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.68","volume":"28","author":"M Heikkila","year":"2006","unstructured":"Heikkila, M., Pietikainen, M.: A texture-based method for modeling the background and detecting moving objects. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 28(4), 657\u2013662 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"1463_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Javed, S., Bouwmans, T., Jung, S.K.: Combining ARF and or-PCA for robust background subtraction of noisy videos. In: International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, pp. 340\u2013351. Springer (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-23234-8_32"},{"key":"1463_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Javed, S., Jung, S.K., Mahmood, A., Bouwmans, T.: Motion-aware graph regularized RPCA for background modeling of complex scenes. In: 2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), pp. 120\u2013125. IEEE (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2016.7899619"},{"issue":"4","key":"1463_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"043011","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JEI.24.4.043011","volume":"24","author":"S Javed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Javed, S., Oh, S.H., Bouwmans, T., Jung, S.K.: Robust background subtraction to global illumination changes via multiple features-based online robust principal components analysis with Markov random field. J. Electron. Imaging 24(4), 043011\u2013043011 (2015)","journal-title":"J. Electron. Imaging"},{"key":"1463_CR17","unstructured":"Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Hinton, G.E.: Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 1097\u20131105 (2012)"},{"key":"1463_CR18","unstructured":"Lin, Z., Chen, M., Ma, Y.: The augmented lagrange multiplier method for exact recovery of corrupted low-rank matrices. arXiv preprint arXiv:1009.5055 (2010)"},{"key":"1463_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganesh, A., Lin, Z., Wright, J., Wu, L., Chen, M., Ma, Y.: Fast algorithms for recovering a corrupted low-rank matrix. In: 2009 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP), pp. 213\u2013216 (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/CAMSAP.2009.5413299"},{"key":"1463_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long, J., Shelhamer, E., Darrell, T.: Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3431\u20133440 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298965"},{"issue":"2","key":"1463_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-009-0285-8","volume":"19","author":"L Maddalena","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maddalena, L., Petrosino, A.: A fuzzy spatial coherence-based approach to background\/foreground separation for moving object detection. Neural Comput. Appl. 19(2), 179\u2013186 (2010)","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"1463_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.112","volume":"32","author":"V Mahadevan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mahadevan, V., Vasconcelos, N.: Spatiotemporal saliency in dynamic scenes. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 32(1), 171\u2013177 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"1463_CR23","volume-title":"Camera Traps in Animal Ecology: Methods and Analyses","author":"AF O\u2019Connell","year":"2010","unstructured":"O\u2019Connell, A.F., Nichols, J.D., Karanth, K.U.: Camera Traps in Animal Ecology: Methods and Analyses. Springer, Berlin (2010)"},{"issue":"7","key":"1463_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1017623","volume":"24","author":"T Ojala","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ojala, T., Pietikainen, M., Maenpaa, T.: Multiresolution gray-scale and rotation invariant texture classification with local binary patterns. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 24(7), 971\u2013987 (2002)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"1463_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reddy, K.P.K., Aravind, R.: Segmentation of camera-trap tiger images based on texture and color features. In: 2012 National Conference on Communications (NCC), pp. 1\u20135. IEEE (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/NCC.2012.6176908"},{"key":"1463_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, X., Han, T.X., He, Z.: Ensemble video object cut in highly dynamic scenes. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1947\u20131954 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.254"},{"key":"1463_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez, P., Wohlberg, B.: Translational and rotational jitter invariant incremental principal component pursuit for video background modeling. In: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 537\u2013541. IEEE (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2015.7350856"},{"key":"1463_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez, P., Wohlberg, B.: Ghosting suppression for incremental principal component pursuit algorithms. In: 2016 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP), pp. 197\u2013201. IEEE (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/GlobalSIP.2016.7905831"},{"key":"1463_CR29","unstructured":"Sobral, A.: BGSLibrary: an opencv c++ background subtraction library. In: IX Workshop de Viso Computacional (WVC\u20192013), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2013). https:\/\/github.com\/andrewssobral\/bgslibrary"},{"key":"1463_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sobral, A., Bouwmans, T., ZahZah, E.h.: Double-constrained rpca based on saliency maps for foreground detection in automated maritime surveillance. In: 2015 12th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS), pp. 1\u20136. IEEE (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/AVSS.2015.7301753"},{"key":"1463_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sobral, A., Bouwmans, T., Zahzah, E.H.: Lrslibrary: Low-rank and sparse tools for background modeling and subtraction in videos. In: Bouwmans, T., Aybat, N., Zahzah, E. (eds.) Robust Low-Rank and Sparse Matrix Decomposition: Applications in Image and Video Processing. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2015)","DOI":"10.1201\/b20190"},{"key":"1463_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2013.12.005","volume":"122","author":"A Sobral","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sobral, A., Vacavant, A.: A comprehensive review of background subtraction algorithms evaluated with synthetic and real videos. Comput. Vis. Image Underst. 122, 4\u201321 (2014)","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image Underst."},{"key":"1463_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"St-Charles, P.L., Bilodeau, G.A., Bergevin, R.: Flexible background subtraction with self-balanced local sensitivity. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, pp. 408\u2013413 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2014.67"},{"key":"1463_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stauffer, C., Grimson, W.E.L.: Adaptive background mixture models for real-time tracking. In: IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1999, vol.\u00a02, pp. 246\u2013252. IEEE (1999)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1999.784637"},{"key":"1463_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150026","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2015.26","volume":"2","author":"A Swanson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Swanson, A., Kosmala, M., Lintott, C., Simpson, R., Smith, A., Packer, C.: Snapshot serengeti, high-frequency annotated camera trap images of 40 mammalian species in an African Savanna. Sci. Data 2, 150026 (2015)","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"1463_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toyama, K., Krumm, J., Brumitt, B., Meyers, B.: Wallflower: principles and practice of background maintenance. In: The Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, 1999, vol.\u00a01, pp. 255\u2013261. IEEE (1999)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1999.791228"},{"issue":"10","key":"1463_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-012-0752-6","volume":"29","author":"S Vishwakarma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vishwakarma, S., Agrawal, A.: A survey on activity recognition and behavior understanding in video surveillance. Vis. Comput. 29(10), 983\u20131009 (2013)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"key":"1463_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Jodoin, P.M., Porikli, F., Konrad, J., Benezeth, Y., Ishwar, P.: Cdnet 2014: an expanded change detection benchmark dataset. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, pp. 387\u2013394 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2014.126"},{"key":"1463_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, J., Odobez, J.M.: Multi-layer background subtraction based on color and texture. In: 2007 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1\u20138. IEEE (2007)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2007.383497"},{"issue":"11","key":"1463_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2015.2392491","volume":"25","author":"X Ye","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ye, X., Yang, J., Sun, X., Li, K., Hou, C., Wang, Y.: Foreground-background separation from video clips via motion-assisted matrix restoration. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 25(11), 1721\u20131734 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"1463_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Han, T.X., He, Z.: Coupled ensemble graph cuts and object verification for animal segmentation from highly cluttered videos. In: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 2830\u20132834. IEEE (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2015.7351319"},{"issue":"10","key":"1463_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2016.2594138","volume":"18","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., He, Z., Cao, G., Cao, W.: Animal detection from highly cluttered natural scenes using spatiotemporal object region proposals and patch verification. IEEE Trans. Multimed. 18(10), 2079\u20132092 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"key":"1463_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zivkovic, Z.: Improved adaptive gaussian mixture model for background subtraction. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2004, vol.\u00a02, pp. 28\u201331. IEEE (2004)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2004.1333992"}],"container-title":["The Visual Computer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-017-1463-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00371-017-1463-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-017-1463-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T02:06:25Z","timestamp":1751162785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00371-017-1463-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1463"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-017-1463-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0178-2789","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 December 2017","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}