{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T18:20:33Z","timestamp":1778523633814,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542844800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51775492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51775492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018M630670"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018M630670"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vis Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-018-1613-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T08:28:16Z","timestamp":1542875296000},"page":"1667-1681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hand-drawn grayscale image colorful colorization based on natural image"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Liyang","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3106-021X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guodong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhui","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1613_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566576","volume":"21","author":"T Welsh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Welsh, T., Ashikhmin, M., Mueller, K.: Transferring color to greyscale images. Acm Trans. Graph. 21(3), 277\u2013280 (2002)","journal-title":"Acm Trans. Graph."},{"issue":"13","key":"1613_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2012.06.001","volume":"33","author":"S Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu, S., Zhang, X.: Automatic grayscale image colorization using histogram regression. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 33(13), 1673\u20131681 (2012)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"1613_CR3","first-page":"135","volume":"4","author":"C Gauge","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gauge, C., Sasi, S.: Automated colorization of grayscale images using texture descriptors and a modified fuzzy c-means clustering. J. Intell. Learn. Syst. Appl. 4(2), 135\u2013143 (2012)","journal-title":"J. Intell. Learn. Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"1613_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3011","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JEI.22.1.013011","volume":"22","author":"S Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu, S., Zhang, X.: Image colorization based on texture map. J. Electron. Imaging 22(1), 3011 (2013)","journal-title":"J. Electron. Imaging"},{"key":"1613_CR5","unstructured":"Arbelot, B., Hurtut, T., Hurtut, T., Thollot, J.: Automatic texture guided color transfer and colorization. In: Joint Symposium on Computational Aesthetics and Sketch Based Interfaces and Modeling and Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering, pp. 21\u201332 (2016)"},{"key":"1613_CR6","unstructured":"Chen, T., Wang, Y., Schillings, V., Meinel, C.: Grayscale image matting and colorization. In: Proceedings of Asian Conference on Computer Vision, vol.\u00a06. Citeseer (2004)"},{"key":"1613_CR7","unstructured":"Irony, R., Cohen-Or, D., Lischinski, D.: Colorization by example. In: Eurographics Symposium on Rendering Techniques, Konstanz, Germany, June 29\u2013July, pp. 201\u2013210 (2005)"},{"key":"1613_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schnitman, Y., Caspi, Y., Cohen-Or, D., Lischinski, D.: Inducing semantic segmentation from an example. In: Asian Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 373\u2013384 (2006)","DOI":"10.1007\/11612704_38"},{"issue":"11","key":"1613_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5188","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2732239","volume":"26","author":"B Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li, B., Zhao, F., Su, Z., Liang, X., Lai, Y.K., Rosin, P.L.: Example-based image colorization using locality consistent sparse representation. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 26(11), 5188\u20135202 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"1613_CR10","first-page":"1171","volume":"36","author":"G Charpiat","year":"2011","unstructured":"Charpiat, G., Bezrukov, I., Hofmann, M., Altun, Y., Schlkopf, B., Lukac, R.: Machine learning methods for automatic image colorization. Ann. Stat. 36(3), 1171\u20131220 (2011)","journal-title":"Ann. Stat."},{"issue":"4","key":"1613_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2897824.2925974","volume":"35","author":"S Iizuka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Iizuka, S., Simo-Serra, E., Ishikawa, H.: Let there be color!: joint end-to-end learning of global and local image priors for automatic image colorization with simultaneous classification. ACM Trans. Graph. 35(4), 1\u201311 (2016)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"key":"1613_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46487-9_40","volume-title":"Colorful Image Colorization","author":"R Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Isola, P., Efros, A.A.: Colorful Image Colorization. Springer, Berlin (2016)"},{"key":"1613_CR13","unstructured":"Luo, X., Luo, X., Luo, X., Luo, X., Luo, X.: Deep patch-wise colorization model for grayscale images. In: SIGGRAPH ASIA 2016 Technical Briefs, p.\u00a013 (2016)"},{"key":"1613_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furusawa, C., Hiroshiba, K., Ogaki, K., Odagiri, Y.: Comicolorization: semi-automatic manga colorization. In: SIGGRAPH Asia 2017 Technical Briefs, p.\u00a012. ACM (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3145749.3149430"},{"key":"1613_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levin, A., Lischinski, D., Weiss, Y.: Colorization using optimization. In: ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 689\u2013694 (2004)","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015780"},{"key":"1613_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawulok, M., Smolka, B.: Competitive image colorization. In: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, pp. 405\u2013408 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2010.5653544"},{"issue":"1","key":"1613_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"010502","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3565470","volume":"20","author":"HI Koo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Koo, H.I., Cho, N.I.: Colorization based on soft segmentation. J. Electron. Imaging 20(1), 010502\u2013010502-3 (2011)","journal-title":"J. Electron. Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"1613_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2005.864231","volume":"15","author":"L Yatziv","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yatziv, L., Sapiro, G.: Fast image and video colorization using chrominance blending. IEEE Trans. Image Process. Publ. IEEE Signal Process. Soc. 15(5), 1120\u20131129 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process. Publ. IEEE Signal Process. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"1613_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1142017","volume":"25","author":"Y Qu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Qu, Y., Wong, T.T., Heng, P.A.: Manga colorization. ACM Trans. Graph. (SIGGRAPH 2006 issue) 25(3), 1214\u20131220 (2006)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph. (SIGGRAPH 2006 issue)"},{"key":"1613_CR20","unstructured":"Luan, Q., Wen, F., Cohen-Or, D., Liang, L., Xu, Y.Q., Shum, H.Y.: Natural image colorization. In: Eurographics Conference on Rendering Techniques, pp. 309\u2013320 (2007)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1613_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2011.18","volume":"31","author":"B Sheng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sheng, B., Sun, H., Chen, S., Liu, X., Wu, E.: Colorization using the rotation-invariant feature space. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 31(2), 24\u201335 (2011)","journal-title":"IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl."},{"key":"1613_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casaca, W., Colnago, M., Nonato, L.G.: Interactive image colorization using Laplacian coordinates. In: International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, pp. 675\u2013686. Springer (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-23117-4_58"},{"issue":"2","key":"1613_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01400.x","volume":"28","author":"D Sykora","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sykora, D., Dingliana, J., Collins, S.: Lazybrush: flexible painting tool for hand-drawn cartoons. Comput. Graph. Forum 28(2), 599\u2013608 (2010)","journal-title":"Comput. Graph. Forum"},{"key":"1613_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00fdkora, D., Ben-Chen, M., Whited, B., Simmons, M.: Textoons: practical texture mapping for hand-drawn cartoon animations. In: International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering 2009, Vancouver, pp. 75\u201384 (2011)","DOI":"10.1145\/2024676.2024689"},{"key":"1613_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sangkloy, P., Lu, J., Fang, C., Yu, F., Hays, J.: Scribbler: controlling deep image synthesis with sketch and color. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 6836\u20136845 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.723"},{"key":"1613_CR26","unstructured":"Ding, X., Xu, Y., Deng, L., Yang, X.: Colorization using quaternion algebra with automatic scribble generation. In: Advances in Multimedia Modeling-International Conference, MMM 2012, Klagenfurt, Austria, January 4\u20136, 2012. Proceedings, pp. 103\u2013114 (2012)"},{"key":"1613_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rusu, C., Tsaftaris, S.A.: Estimation of scribble placement for painting colorization. In: International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis, pp. 564\u2013569 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPA.2013.6703804"},{"key":"1613_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rother, C., Kolmogorov, V., Blake, A.: \u201dGrabcut\u201d: interactive foreground extraction using iterated graph cuts. In: ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 309\u2013314 (2004)","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015720"},{"key":"1613_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wegner, S., Harms, T., Oswald, H., Fleck, E.: The watershed transformation on graphs for the segmentation of ct images. In: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, vol. 3, pp. 498\u2013502 (1996)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.1996.546997"},{"issue":"11","key":"1613_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1109\/34.544075","volume":"18","author":"Y Ge","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ge, Y., Fitzpatrick, J.M.: On the generation of skeletons from discrete euclidean distance maps. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 18(11), 1055\u20131066 (1996)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"4","key":"1613_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-012-0734-8","volume":"29","author":"E Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu, E., Liu, F.: Robust image metamorphosis immune from ghost and blur. Visual Comput. 29(4), 311\u2013321 (2013)","journal-title":"Visual Comput."},{"issue":"9","key":"1613_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-015-1188-6","volume":"32","author":"X Fan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fan, X., Feng, Y., Chai, Z., Gu, X.D., Luo, Z.: Image morphing with conformal welding. Vis. Comput. 32(9), 1191\u20131203 (2016)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."}],"container-title":["The Visual Computer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-018-1613-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00371-018-1613-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-018-1613-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T19:07:20Z","timestamp":1574363240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00371-018-1613-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-018-1613-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0178-2789","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 November 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"All the authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}