{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T07:36:24Z","timestamp":1765438584163,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vis Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-019-01717-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T12:06:49Z","timestamp":1560946009000},"page":"1001-1015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Air-writing recognition system for Persian numbers with a novel classifier"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6897-7318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahram","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Maleki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1717_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1109\/34.824821","volume":"22","author":"R Palmondon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Palmondon, R., Srihari, S.N.: On-line and off-line handwriting recognition: a comprehensive survey. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 22(1), 63\u201384 (2000). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/34.824821","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"1717_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu, C.H., Lin, C.H.: Depth-based hand gesture recognition for home appliance control. In: IEEE, 17th International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (ISCE) (2013). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISCE.2013.6570227","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCE.2013.6570227"},{"key":"1717_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kumar, P., Saini, R., Behera, S.K., Dogra, D.P.: Real-time recognition of sign language gesture and air-writing using leap motion. In: 2017 Fifteenth IAPR International Conference on Machine Vision Applications, Nagoya, Japan (2017). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/MVA.2017.7986825","DOI":"10.23919\/MVA.2017.7986825"},{"issue":"21","key":"1717_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28185","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-5998-1","volume":"77","author":"W Zeng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zeng, W., Wang, C., Wang, Q.: Hand gesture recognition using Leap Motion via deterministic learning. Multimed. Tools Appl. 77(21), 28185\u201328206 (2018). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-018-5998-1","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"1717_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agrawal, S., Constandache, I., Gaonkar, S., Roy Choudhury, R., Caves, K., Deruyter, F.: Using mobile phones to write in air. In: MobiSys\u201911 Proceeding of the 9th International Conference on Mobile Systems, pp. 15\u201328 (2011). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1999995.1999998","DOI":"10.1145\/1999995.1999998"},{"key":"1717_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Songbin, X., Yang, X.: Air-writing characters modelling and recognition on modified CHMM. In: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) (2016). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SMC.2016.7844452","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC.2016.7844452"},{"key":"1717_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15980316.2013.860928","author":"S Beg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beg, S., Khan, M.F., Baig, F.: Text writing in air. J. Inf. Display (2013). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15980316.2013.860928","journal-title":"J. Inf. Display"},{"key":"1717_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kalra, S., Jain, S., Agarwal, A.: A wearable computing system for wireless communication and gesture based human computer interface. In: 2016 2nd International Conference on Next Generation Computing Technologies (NGCT), pp. 456\u2013462 (2016). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/NGCT.2016.7877459","DOI":"10.1109\/NGCT.2016.7877459"},{"issue":"2","key":"1717_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1109\/tmc.2018.2831709","volume":"18","author":"Z Fu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fu, Z., Xu, J., Zhu, Z., Liu, A.X., Sun, X.: Writing in the air with WiFi signals for virtual reality devices. IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput. 18(2), 473\u2013484 (2019). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tmc.2018.2831709","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput."},{"key":"1717_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3692876","author":"S Patil","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patil, S., Kim, D., Park, S., Chai, Y.: Handwriting recognition in free space using WIMU-based hand motion analysis. Hindawi J. Sens (2016). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/3692876","journal-title":"Hindawi J. Sens"},{"issue":"4","key":"1717_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1109\/MMUL.2013.50","volume":"20","author":"X Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Ye, Z., Jin, L., Feng, Z., Xu, S.: A new writing experience: finger writing in the air using a kinect sensor. IEEE Multimed. 20(4), 85\u201393 (2013). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MMUL.2013.50","journal-title":"IEEE Multimed."},{"issue":"3","key":"1717_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2015.2492598","volume":"46","author":"M Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen, M., Alregib, G., Juang, B.: Air-writing recognition-part I: modeling and recognition of characters, words and connecting motions. IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst. 46(3), 403\u2013413 (2016). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/THMS.2015.2492598","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"1717_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-016-0510-0","volume":"23","author":"J Singha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singha, J., Laskar, R.H.: Hand gesture recognition using two-level speed normalization, feature selection and classifier fusion. Multimed. Syst. 23(4), 499\u2013514 (2016). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00530-016-0510-0","journal-title":"Multimed. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"1717_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-012-9356-9","volume":"43","author":"J Singha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Singha, J., Laskar, R.H.: Vision based hand gesture recognition for human. Artif. Intell. Rev. 43(1), 1\u201354 (2015). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10462-012-9356-9","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"issue":"15","key":"1717_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2013.02.007","volume":"34","author":"H Stern","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stern, H., Shmueli, M., Berman, S.: Most discriminating segment\u2014longest common subsequence (MDSLCS) algorithm for dynamic hand gesture classification. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 34(15), 1980\u20131989 (2013). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patrec.2013.02.007","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn. Lett."},{"key":"1717_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.5121\/iju.2012.3103","volume":"1","author":"SS Rautaray","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rautaray, S.S., Agarwal, A.: Real time hand gesture recognition system for dynamic applications. Int. J. UbiComp 1, 21 (2012). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.5121\/iju.2012.3103","journal-title":"Int. J. UbiComp"},{"key":"1717_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Froba, B., Ernst, A.: Face detection with the modified census transform. In: Sixth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (2004). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/AFGR.2004.1301514","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2004.1301514"},{"key":"1717_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dan, Z., Sang, N., Hu, J., Sun, S.: A transfer knowledge framework for object recognition of infrared image. In: Tan, T., Ruan, Q., Chen, X., Ma, H., Wang L. (eds.) Advances in Image and Graphics Technologies. IGTA 2013. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol. 363. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2013). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-37149-3_25","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-37149-3_25"},{"key":"1717_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, D., Lu, G.: A comparison of shape retrieval using fourier descriptors and short-time fourier descriptors. In: Shum, H.Y., Liao, M., Chang, S.F. (eds.) Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Vol. 2195. Advances in Multimedia Information Processing\u2014PCM 2001. PCM 2001. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2001). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-45453-5_111","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45453-5_111"},{"key":"1717_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Trigueiros, P., Ribeiro, F., Reis, L.P.: Hand gesture recognition for human computer interaction: a comparative study of different image features. In: Filipe, J., Fred, A. (eds.) Agents and Artificial Intelligence. ICAART 2013. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol. 449. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer (2014). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-44440-5_10","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-44440-5_10"},{"key":"1717_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, S., Kim, H., Chen, H.: Contour tracking using centroid distance signature and dynamic programming method. In: 2009 International Joint Conference on Computational Sciences and Optimization, 2009, vol. 1, pp. 274\u2013278. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CSO.2009.201","DOI":"10.1109\/CSO.2009.201"},{"key":"1717_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jin, X., Wang, Q., Hou, X., Liu, C.: Visual gesture character string recognition by classification-based segmentation with stroke deletion. In: 2013 2nd IAPR Asian Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2013, pp. 120\u2013124. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACPR.2013.7","DOI":"10.1109\/ACPR.2013.7"},{"key":"1717_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aggarwal, R., Swetha, S.: Online handwriting recognition using depth sensors. In: ICDAR, 13th International Conference. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDAR.2015.7333924\n\n. (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2015.7333924"},{"key":"1717_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/278460","author":"T Murata","year":"2014","unstructured":"Murata, T., Shin, J.: Hand gesture and character recognition based on kinect sensor. Int. J. Distrib. Sensor Netw. (2014). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/278460","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sensor Netw."},{"key":"1717_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ren, Y., Zhang, F.: Hand gesture recognition based on MEB-SVM. In: 2009 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems, 2009, pp. 344\u2013349. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICESS.2009.21","DOI":"10.1109\/ICESS.2009.21"},{"issue":"2","key":"1717_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1109\/5.18626","volume":"77","author":"LR Rabiner","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rabiner, L.R.: A tutorial on hidden markov models and selected application in speech recognition. Proc. IEEE 77(2), 257\u2013286 (1989). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/5.18626","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"1717_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2017.10.021","volume":"93","author":"R Saini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saini, R., Roy, P., Dogra, D.P.: A segmental HMM based trajectory classification using genetic algorithm. Expert Syst. Appl. 93, 169\u2013181 (2017). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2017.10.021","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"1717_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.image.2014.10.008","volume":"30","author":"C Nyirarugira","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nyirarugira, C., Kim, T.: Stratified gesture recognition using the normalized longest common subsequence with rough sets. Sig. Process. Image Commun. 30, 178\u2013189 (2015). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.image.2014.10.008","journal-title":"Sig. Process. Image Commun."},{"key":"1717_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2013.2265378","volume":"43","author":"J Han","year":"2013","unstructured":"Han, J., Shao, L., Xu, D., Shotton, J.: Enhanced computer vision with microsoft Kinect sensor: a review. IEEE Trans. Cybern. 43, 5 (2013). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCYB.2013.2265378","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cybern."},{"issue":"2","key":"1717_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3138\/FM57-6770-U75U-7727","volume":"10","author":"D David","year":"1973","unstructured":"David, D., Thomas, P.: Algorithms for the reduction of the number of points required to represent a digitized line or its caricature. Can. Cartogr. 10(2), 112\u2013122 (1973). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3138\/FM57-6770-U75U-7727","journal-title":"Can. Cartogr."},{"key":"1717_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2017.2706695","volume":"1","author":"L Kane","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kane, L., Khanna, P.: Vision-based mid-air unistroke character input using polar signatures. IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst. J. 1, 21 (2017). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/THMS.2017.2706695","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst. J."},{"key":"1717_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu, F., Du, B., Wang, Q., Wang, Y., Zeng, W.: Hand gesture recognition using via deterministic learning. In: 29th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC) (2017). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CCDC.2017.7978867","DOI":"10.1109\/CCDC.2017.7978867"},{"key":"1717_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Feng, Z., Xu, S., Zhang, X., Jin, L., Ye, Z.: Real-time fingertip tracking and detection using kinect depth sensor for a new writing-in-the air system. In: The 4th International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service (ICIMCS), China (2012). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2382336.2382356","DOI":"10.1145\/2382336.2382356"}],"container-title":["The Visual Computer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-019-01717-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00371-019-01717-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-019-01717-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T23:06:46Z","timestamp":1592435206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00371-019-01717-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1717"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-019-01717-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0178-2789"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-2315"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 June 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}