{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T08:32:41Z","timestamp":1770539561121,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,2]],"date-time":"2020-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,2]],"date-time":"2020-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6182109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6182109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61902109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61902109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vis Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-020-01939-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,2]],"date-time":"2020-08-02T01:02:30Z","timestamp":1596330150000},"page":"1805-1819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Semantic-aware label placement for augmented reality in street view"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Jianqing","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Semir","family":"Elezovikj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shuojin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chiu C.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Haibin","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1939_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1997.6.4.355","volume":"6","author":"RT Azuma","year":"1997","unstructured":"Azuma, R.T.: A survey of augmented reality. Teleoper. Virtual Environ. 6(4), 355\u2013385 (1997)","journal-title":"Teleoper. Virtual Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"1939_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-010-0660-6","volume":"51","author":"J Carmigniani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carmigniani, J., Furht, B., Anisetti, M., Ceravolo, P., Damiani, E., Ivkovic, M.: Augmented reality technologies, systems and applications. Multimed. Tools Appl. 51(1), 341\u2013377 (2011)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"1939_CR3","unstructured":"Chang, G., Morreale, P., Medicherla, P.: Applications of augmented reality systems in education. In: Society for Information Technology Teacher Education International Conference Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE), pp. 1380\u20131385 (2010)"},{"key":"1939_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartmann, K., G\u00f6tzelmann, T., Ali, K., Strothotte, T.: Metrics for functional and aesthetic label layouts. In: International Symposium on Smart Graphics, pp. 115\u2013126 (2005)","DOI":"10.1007\/11536482_10"},{"key":"1939_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Achanta, R., Hemami, S., Estrada, F., Susstrunk, S.: Frequency-tuned salient region detection. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2009.5206596"},{"key":"1939_CR6","unstructured":"Wang, W., Lai, Q., Fu, H., Shen, J., Ling, H.: Salient object detection in the deep learning era: an in-depth survey. arXiv:1904.09146 (2019)"},{"key":"1939_CR7","unstructured":"Chen, L.C., Papandreou, G., Schroff, F., Adam, H.: Rethinking atrous convolution for semantic image segmentation, arXiv preprint. arXiv:1706.05587 (2017)"},{"key":"1939_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rakholia, N., Hegde, S., Hebbalaguppe, R.: Where to place: a real-time visual saliency based label placement for augmented reality applications. In: 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 604\u2013608 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2018.8451052"},{"key":"1939_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bell, B., Feiner, S., H\u00f6llerer, T.: View management for virtual and augmented reality. In: Proceedings of the 14th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pp. 101\u2013110 (2001)","DOI":"10.1145\/502348.502363"},{"issue":"4","key":"1939_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2010.05.002","volume":"34","author":"L Cmol\u00edk","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cmol\u00edk, L., Bittner, J.: Layout-aware optimization for interactive labeling of 3D models. Comput. Graph. 34(4), 378\u2013387 (2010)","journal-title":"Comput. Graph."},{"key":"1939_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tenmoku, R., Kanbara, M., Yokoya, N.: Annotating user-viewed objects for wearable AR systems. In: Proceedings of the 4th IEEE\/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 192\u2013193 (2005)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2005.10"},{"key":"1939_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makita, K., Kanbara, M., Yokoya, N.: View management of annotations for wearable augmented reality. In: 2009 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, pp. 982\u2013985 (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2009.5202661"},{"key":"1939_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, B., Li, Q., Chao, H., Chen, B., Ofek, E., Xu, Y.Q.: Annotating and navigating tourist videos. In: Proceedings of the 18th SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, pp. 260\u2013269 (2010)","DOI":"10.1145\/1869790.1869828"},{"issue":"8","key":"1939_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2012.321","volume":"19","author":"D Iwai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iwai, D., Yabiki, T., Sato, K.: View management of projected labels on nonplanar and textured surfaces. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 19(8), 1415\u20131424 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"1939_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tatzgern, M., Kalkofen, D., Schmalstieg, D.: Dynamic compact visualizations for augmented reality. In: 2013 IEEE Virtual Reality (VR), pp. 3\u20136 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2013.6549347"},{"key":"1939_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tatzgern, M., Kalkofen, D., Grasset, R., Schmalstieg, D.: Hedgehog labeling: View management techniques for external labels in 3D space. In: 2014 IEEE Virtual Reality (VR), pp. 27\u201332 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2014.6802046"},{"key":"1939_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lauber, F., Butz, A.: View management for driver assistance in an HMD. In: 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), pp. 1\u20136 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2013.6671828"},{"key":"1939_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orlosky, J., Kiyokawa, K., Takemura, H.: Towards intelligent view management: a study of manual text placement tendencies in mobile environments using video see-through displays. In: 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), pp. 281\u2013282 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2013.6671805"},{"key":"1939_CR19","unstructured":"Azuma, R., Furmanski, C.: Evaluating label placement for augmented reality view management. In: Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE\/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, p. 66 (2003)"},{"key":"1939_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leykin, A., Tuceryan, M.: Automatic determination of text readability over textured backgrounds for augmented reality systems. In: Third IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 224\u2013230 (2004)","DOI":"10.1145\/1044588.1044683"},{"key":"1939_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosten, E., Reitmayr, G., Drummond, T.: Real-time video annotations for augmented reality. In: International Symposium on Visual Computing, pp. 294\u2013302 (2005)","DOI":"10.1007\/11595755_36"},{"key":"1939_CR22","unstructured":"Tanaka, K., Kishino, Y., Miyamae, M., Terada, T., Nishio, S.: An information layout method for an optical see-through head mounted display focusing on the viewability. In: 2008 7th IEEE\/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 139\u2013142 (2008)"},{"key":"1939_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grasset, R., Langlotz, T., Kalkofen, D., Tatzgern, M., Schmalstieg, D.: Image-driven view management for augmented reality browsers. In: 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), pp. 177\u2013186 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2012.6402555"},{"issue":"4","key":"1939_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.3390\/s19040939","volume":"19","author":"K Ichihashi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ichihashi, K., Fujinami, K.: Estimating visibility of annotations for view management in spatial augmented reality based on machine-learning techniques. Sensors 19(4), 939\u2013966 (2019)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"6","key":"1939_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvlc.2014.10.030","volume":"25","author":"M Sato","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sato, M., Fujinami, K.: Nonoverlapped view management for augmented reality by tabletop projection. J. Vis. Lang. Comput. 25(6), 891\u2013902 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Vis. Lang. Comput."},{"key":"1939_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, G., Liu, Y., Wang, Y.: An empirical evaluation of labelling method in augmented reality. In: Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGGRAPH International Conference on Virtual-Reality Continuum and Its Applications in Industry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3284398.3284422 (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3284398.3284422"},{"key":"1939_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, G., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Xu, Z.: Evaluation of labelling layout method for image-driven view management in augmented reality. In: Proceedings of the 29th Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction, pp. 266\u2013274 (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3152771.3152800"},{"key":"1939_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cordts, M., Omran, M., Ramos, S., Rehfeld, T., Enzweiler, M., Benenson, R., Franke, U., Roth, S., Schiele, B.: The cityscapes dataset for semantic urban scene understanding. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3213\u20133223 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.350"},{"key":"1939_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang H., Wang J., Yuan Z., Wu Y., Zheng N. and Li S., Salient object detection: a discriminative regional feature integration approach. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2083\u20132090 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.271"},{"key":"1939_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou, Q., Cheng, M.M., Hu, X., Borji, A., Tu, Z., Torr, P.H.: Deeply supervised salient object detection with short connections. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3203\u20133212 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.563"},{"key":"1939_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peterson, S.D., Axholt, M., Cooper, M., Ellis, S.R.: Evaluation of alternative label placement techniques in dynamic virtual environments. In: International Symposium on Smart Graphics, pp. 43\u201355 (2009)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02115-2_4"},{"key":"1939_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stein, T., D\u00e9coret, X.: Dynamic label placement for improved interactive exploration. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Non-photorealistic Animation and Rendering, pp. 15\u201321 (2008)","DOI":"10.1145\/1377980.1377986"},{"key":"1939_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vollick, I., Vogel, D., Agrawala, M., Hertzmann, A.: Specifying label layout style by example. In: Proceedings of the 20th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pp. 221\u2013230 (2007)","DOI":"10.1145\/1294211.1294252"},{"key":"1939_CR34","unstructured":"Augmented reality head-up display, from http:\/\/continental-head-up-display.com\/ar-hud\/, Retrieved 30 April 2019 (2015)"},{"key":"1939_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, J., Zhang, Y., Wu, X., Guo, W.: Image-based label placement for augmented reality browsers. In: 2018 IEEE 4th International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC), pp. 1654\u20131659 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CompComm.2018.8780965"},{"issue":"6\u20138","key":"1939_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-019-01686-7","volume":"35","author":"A Lhuillier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lhuillier, A., Garderen, M., Weiskopf, D.: Density-based label placement. Vis. Comput. 35(6\u20138), 1041\u20131052 (2019)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."}],"container-title":["The Visual Computer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-020-01939-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00371-020-01939-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-020-01939-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T23:12:06Z","timestamp":1627859526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00371-020-01939-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,2]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-020-01939-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0178-2789","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 August 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Jianqing Jia has visited Haibin Ling\u2019s Group in Temple University during October 12, 2018 to May 20, 2019. Semir Elezovikj declares he has no conflict of interest. Heng Fan declares he has no conflict of interest. Shuojin Yang declares he has no conflict of interest. Jing Liu declares he has no conflict of interest. Wei Guo declares she has no conflict of interest. Chiu C. Tan declares he has no conflict of interest. Haibin Ling serves as associate editors for IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI), Pattern Recognition (PR) and Computer Vision and Image Understanding (CVIU).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}