{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T12:31:25Z","timestamp":1772800285249,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61771231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61771231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vis Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-020-01991-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T17:14:43Z","timestamp":1606151683000},"page":"2355-2368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["A color watermarking scheme in frequency domain based on quaternary coding"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Decheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qingtang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xueting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1991_CR1","unstructured":"Tirkel, A.Z., Rankin, G.A., Van, R.M.: Schyndel, electronic watermark. In: Digital Image Computing, Technology and Applications (DICTA\u201993) pp. 666\u2013673 (1993)"},{"key":"1991_CR2","unstructured":"Zhao, J., Koch, E.: Embedding robust labels into images for copyright protection. In: Congress on Intellectual Property Rights for Specialized Information, Knowledge and New Technologies, pp. 242\u2013251 (1995)"},{"key":"1991_CR3","unstructured":"Wu, M.Y., Lee, J.H.: A novel data embedding method for two-color facsimile images. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Multimedia Information Processing (1998)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1991_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-012-0732-x","volume":"29","author":"L Cao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cao, L., Men, C., Ji, R.: Nonlinear scrambling-based reversible watermarking for 2D-vector maps. Vis. Comput. 29(3), 231\u2013237 (2013)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"issue":"8","key":"1991_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2002.801488","volume":"50","author":"YC Tseng","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tseng, Y.C., Chen, Y.Y., Pan, H.K.: A secure data hiding scheme for binary images. IEEE Trans. Commun. 50(8), 1227\u20131231 (2002)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"issue":"6\u20138","key":"1991_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-010-0461-y","volume":"26","author":"C Lin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lin, C., Chao, M., Liang, C., et al.: A novel semi-blind-and-semi-reversible robust watermarking scheme for 3D polygonal models. Vis. Comput. 26(6\u20138), 1101\u20131111 (2010)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"issue":"9","key":"1991_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2002.801587","volume":"11","author":"P Bas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bas, P., Chassery, J.M., Macq, B.: Geometrically invariant watermarking using feature points. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 11(9), 1014\u20131028 (2002)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"8","key":"1991_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(02)00023-5","volume":"23","author":"CC Chang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chang, C.C., Chuang, J.C.: An image intellectual property protection scheme for gray-level images using visual secret sharing strategy. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 23(8), 931\u2013941 (2002)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"1991_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2010.06.001","volume":"65","author":"L Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li, L., Qian, J., Pan, J.S.: Characteristic region based watermark embedding with RST invariance and high capacity. AEU Int. J. Electron. Commun. 65(5), 435\u2013442 (2011)","journal-title":"AEU Int. J. Electron. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"1991_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2007.07.020","volume":"88","author":"H Qi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Qi, H., Zheng, D., Zhao, J.: Human visual system based adaptive digital image watermarking. Signal Process. 88(1), 174\u2013188 (2008)","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"key":"1991_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2015.06.006","volume":"74","author":"A Abbasi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abbasi, A., Woo, C.S., Shamshirband, S.: Robust image watermarking based on Riesz transformation and IT2FLS. Measurement 74, 116\u2013129 (2015)","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"1991_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-020-01808-6","author":"SB Ahmadi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmadi, S.B., Zhang, G., Wei, S., et al.: An intelligent and blind image watermarking scheme based on hybrid SVD transforms using human visual system characteristics. Vis. Comput. (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-020-01808-6","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"1991_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-018-1567-x","volume":"36","author":"F Ernawan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ernawan, F., Kabir, M.N.: A block-based RDWT-SVD image watermarking method using human visual system characteristics. Vis. Comput. 36(1), 19\u201337 (2020)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"issue":"11","key":"1991_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2016.0048","volume":"10","author":"Q Su","year":"2016","unstructured":"Su, Q.: Novel blind colour image watermarking technique using Hessenberg decomposition. IET Image Proc. 10(11), 817\u2013829 (2016)","journal-title":"IET Image Proc."},{"issue":"1","key":"1991_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4358","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2888857","volume":"7","author":"Q Su","year":"2019","unstructured":"Su, Q., Yuan, Z., Liu, D.: An approximate Schur decomposition-based spatial domain color image watermarking method. IEEE Access 7(1), 4358\u20134370 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1991_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7491","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-08423-1","volume":"79","author":"D Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, D., Yuan, Z., Su, Q.: A blind color image watermarking scheme with variable steps based on Schur decomposition. Multimed. Tools Appl. 79, 7491\u20137513 (2020)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"1991_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2019.164152","volume":"204","author":"Z Yuan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yuan, Z., Liu, D., Zhang, X.: New image blind watermarking method based on two-dimensional discrete cosine transform. Optik 204, 164152 (2020)","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"1991_CR18","unstructured":"Golea, N.E.H., Seghir, R., Benzid, R.: A bind RGB color image watermarking based on singular value decomposition. In: Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE\/ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications, pp. 1\u20135 (2010)"},{"issue":"24","key":"1991_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25623","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-4355-0","volume":"76","author":"P Vaidya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vaidya, P., Chandra Mouli, P.V.S.S.R.: A robust semi-blind watermarking for color images based on multiple decompositions. Multimed. Tools Appl. 76(24), 25623\u201325656 (2017)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"1991_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shang, Z., Ren, H., Zhang, J.: A block location scrambling algorithm of digital image based on Arnold transformation. In: 2008 The 9th International Conference for Young Computer Scientists, pp. 2942\u20132947. IEEE (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICYCS.2008.99"},{"key":"1991_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, G., Lei, B., Quan, P.: Quasi-affine transform over limited integer grids and its application. In: 2010 Third International Symposium on Information Science and Engineering, pp. 184\u2013187. IEEE Computer Society (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISISE.2010.60"},{"issue":"6","key":"1991_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2013.01.016","volume":"51","author":"H Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen, H., Du, X., Liu, Z.: Color image encryption based on the affine transform and gyrator transform. Opt. Lasers Eng. 51(6), 768\u2013775 (2013)","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers Eng."},{"key":"1991_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Hu, Y., Yu, L.: The research of blind watermarking based on Zigzag and affine transform. In: Proceedings of the 37th Chinese Control Conference, pp. 9250\u20139254 (2018)","DOI":"10.23919\/ChiCC.2018.8484184"},{"key":"1991_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2018.04.050","volume":"170","author":"P Murali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Murali, P., Sankaradass, V.: An efficient ROI based copyright protection scheme for digital images with SVD and orthogonal polynomials transformation. Optik 170, 242\u2013264 (2018)","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"1991_CR25","volume-title":"Matrix Computations","author":"G Golub","year":"1996","unstructured":"Golub, G., Loan, C.V.: Matrix Computations. The Johns Hopkins, Baltimore (1996)"},{"key":"1991_CR26","volume-title":"Numerical Analysis: Mathematics of Scientific Computing","author":"DR Kincaid","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kincaid, D.R., Cheney, W.: Numerical Analysis: Mathematics of Scientific Computing. American Mathematical Society, Providence (2009)"},{"issue":"7","key":"1991_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2011.12.065","volume":"285","author":"Q Su","year":"2012","unstructured":"Su, Q., Niu, Y., Liu, X., Zhu, Y.: Embedding color watermarks in color images based on Schur decomposition. Opt. Commun. 285(7), 1792\u20131802 (2012)","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"issue":"22","key":"1991_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24221","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-4164-x","volume":"76","author":"Q Su","year":"2017","unstructured":"Su, Q., Chen, B.: An improved color image watermarking scheme based on Schur decomposition. Multimed. Tools Appl. 76(22), 24221\u201324249 (2017)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"1991_CR29","unstructured":"University of Granada, Computer Vision Group. CVG-UGR Image Database, 2002. Accessed 20 Oct 2019."},{"key":"1991_CR30","unstructured":"University of Southern California, Signal and Inage Processing Institute. USC-SIPI Image Database, 1997. Accessed 20 Oct 2019"},{"key":"1991_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2017.05.011","volume":"140","author":"M Moosazadeh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moosazadeh, M., Ekbatanifard, G.: An improved robust image watermarking method using DCT and Ycocg-R color space. Optik Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 140, 975\u2013988 (2017)","journal-title":"Optik Int. J. Light Electron Opt."},{"issue":"5","key":"1991_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-013-0534-2","volume":"9","author":"Q Su","year":"2015","unstructured":"Su, Q., Wang, G., Jia, S., Zhang, X., Liu, Q., Liu, X.: Embedding color image watermark in color image based on two-level DCT. SIViP 9(5), 991\u20131007 (2015)","journal-title":"SIViP"},{"issue":"1","key":"1991_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2013.06.025","volume":"94","author":"Q Su","year":"2014","unstructured":"Su, Q., Niu, Y., Wang, G., Jia, S., Yue, J.: Color image blind watermarking scheme based on QR decomposition. Signal Process. 94(1), 219\u2013235 (2014)","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"1991_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-017-2489-7","volume":"22","author":"Q Su","year":"2018","unstructured":"Su, Q., Chen, B.: Robust color image watermarking technique in the spatial domain. Soft. Comput. 22(1), 91\u2013106 (2018)","journal-title":"Soft. Comput."},{"issue":"14","key":"1991_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-7326-9","volume":"78","author":"F Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, F., Luo, T., Jiang, G., Yu, M., Xu, H., Zhou, W.: A novel robust color image watermarking method using RGB correlations. Multimed. Tools Appl. 78(14), 20133\u201320155 (2019)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."}],"container-title":["The Visual Computer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-020-01991-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00371-020-01991-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-020-01991-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T18:11:07Z","timestamp":1627755067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00371-020-01991-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1991"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-020-01991-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0178-2789","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 October 2020","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 November 2020","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}