{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T23:22:17Z","timestamp":1781911337551,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vis Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-021-02173-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T21:02:32Z","timestamp":1623704552000},"page":"2999-3025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["HyFiPAD: a hybrid approach for fingerprint presentation attack detection using local and adaptive image features"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1376-538X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepika","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Selwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2173_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2003.818349","volume":"14","author":"AK Jain","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jain, A.K., Ross, A., Prabhakar, S.: An Introduction to Biometric Recognition. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 14(1), 4\u201320 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"2173_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-71041-9","volume-title":"Handbook of Biometrics","author":"AK Jain","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jain, A.K., Ross, A.: Handbook of Biometrics, pp. 1\u201322. Springer, London (2008)"},{"key":"2173_CR3","unstructured":"Minaee, S., Azimi, E., Abdolrashidi, A.: Fingernet: Pushing the limits of fingerprint recognition using convolutional neural network. arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.12956 (2019)"},{"key":"2173_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ratha, N.K., Connell, J.H., Bolle, R.M.: An analysis of minutiae matching strength. In: Proc. AVBPA 2001, 3rd International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication, pp. 223\u2013228 (2001)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45344-X_32"},{"key":"2173_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghiani, L. et al.: LivDet 2013 fingerprint liveness detection competition 2013. In: 2013 international conference on biometrics (ICB), pp. 1\u20136 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2013.6613027"},{"issue":"2","key":"2173_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-016-0936-z","volume":"11","author":"Z Xia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xia, Z., Lv, R., Zhu, Y., Ji, P., Sun, H.: Fingerprint liveness detection using gradient-based texture features. Signal, Image Video Process. 11(2), 381\u2013388 (2017)","journal-title":"Signal, Image Video Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"2173_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-bmt.2016.0007","volume":"6","author":"L Ghiani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghiani, L., Hadid, A., Marcialis, G.L., Roli, F.: Fingerprint liveness detection using local texture features. IET Biometr. 6(3), 224\u2013231 (2017)","journal-title":"IET Biometr."},{"key":"2173_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1539298","volume":"2018","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang, Y., Liu, X.: Uniform local binary pattern for fingerprint liveness detection in the gaussian pyramid. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. 2018, 1\u20139 (2018)","journal-title":"J. Electr. Comput. Eng."},{"key":"2173_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-018-01618-x","volume":"35","author":"RP Sharma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharma, R.P., Dey, S.: Fingerprint liveness detection using local quality features. Vis. Comput. 35, 1393\u20131410 (2019)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"issue":"4","key":"2173_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2018.2874281","volume":"50","author":"Z Xia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xia, Z., Yuan, C., Lv, R., Sun, X., Xiong, N.N., Shi, Y.Q.: A novel weber local binary descriptor for fingerprint liveness detection. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man, Cybern. Syst. 50(4), 1526\u20131536 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man, Cybern. Syst."},{"issue":"20","key":"2173_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20052577","volume":"41","author":"YS Moon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moon, Y.S., Chen, J.S., Chan, K.C., So, K., Woo, K.C.: Wavelet based fingerprint liveness detection. Electron. Lett. 41(20), 2\u20134 (2005)","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"key":"2173_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nikam, S.B., Science, C., Science, C.: Texture and wavelet-based spoof fingerprint detection for fingerprint biometric systems. In: 1st International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology Texture, pp 675\u2013680 (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICETET.2008.134"},{"key":"2173_CR13","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Biometric recognition, CCBR (2014) Lecture notes in computer science","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Fang, S., Xie, Y., Xu, T.: Fake fingerprint detection based on wavelet analysis and local binary pattern. In: Sun, Z., Shan, S., Sang, H., Zhou, J., Wang, Y. (eds.) Biometric recognition, CCBR (2014) Lecture notes in computer science, pp. 191\u2013198. Springer, Cham (2014)"},{"key":"2173_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gragnaniello, D., Poggi, G., Sansone, C., Verdoliva, L.: Fingerprint liveness detection based on weber local image descriptor. In: 2013 IEEE workshop on biometric measurements and systems for security and medical applications, September (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOMS.2013.6656148"},{"issue":"1","key":"2173_CR15","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"W Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim, W.: Fingerprint liveness detection using local coherence patterns. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 1(1), 1\u20135 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"2173_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2014.05.021","volume":"48","author":"D Gragnaniello","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gragnaniello, D., Poggi, G., Verdoliva, L.: Local contrast phase descriptor for fingerprint liveness detection. Pattern Recogn. 48(4), 1050\u20131058 (2015)","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn."},{"issue":"6","key":"2173_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2013.4044","volume":"50","author":"D Gragnaniello","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gragnaniello, D., Poggi, G., Sansone, C., Verdoliva, L.: Wavelet-Markov local descriptor for detecting fake fingerprints. Electron. Lett. 50(6), 439\u2013441 (2014)","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"issue":"7","key":"2173_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2016.2535899","volume":"11","author":"RK Dubey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dubey, R.K., Goh, J., Thing, V.L.L.: Fingerprint liveness detection from single image using low-level features and shape analysis. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 11(7), 1461\u20131475 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"issue":"4","key":"2173_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2008.2003432","volume":"2","author":"PV Reddy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reddy, P.V., Kumar, A., Member, S., Rahman, S.M.K., Mundra, T.S.: A new antispoofing approach for biometric devices. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst. 2(4), 328\u2013337 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"2173_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drahansk\u00fd, M., N\u00f6tzel, R., Funk, W.: Liveness detection based on fine movements of the fingertip surface. In: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Workshop on Information Assurance United States Military Academy, West Point, pp. 42\u201347 (2006)","DOI":"10.1109\/IAW.2006.1652075"},{"key":"2173_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baldisserra, D., Franco, A., Maio, D., Maltoni, D., Bologna, U.: Fake fingerprint detection by odor analysis. In: Z. D. and J. A. K. (eds.) Advances in Biometrics, ICB 2006, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 265\u2013272. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2006)","DOI":"10.1007\/11608288_36"},{"issue":"5","key":"2173_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.893472","volume":"54","author":"\u00d8G Martinsen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Martinsen, \u00d8.G., Member, S., Clausen, S., Nys\u00e6ther, J.B., Grimnes, S.: Utilizing characteristic electrical properties of the epidermal skin layers to detect fake fingers in biometric fingerprint systems\u2014a pilot study. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 54(5), 891\u2013894 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2173_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-92627-8_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Biometric Anti-Spoofing","author":"J Galbally","year":"2019","unstructured":"Galbally, J., Fierrez, J., Cappelli, R.: An introduction to fingerprint presentation attack detection. In: Marcel, S., Nixon, M., Fierrez, J., Evans, N. (eds.) Handbook of Biometric Anti-Spoofing. Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Springer, Cham (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-92627-8_1"},{"issue":"4","key":"2173_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219467808003209","volume":"8","author":"P Coli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Coli, P., Marcialis, G.L., Roli, F.: Fingerprint silicon replicas: static and dynamic features for vitality detection. Int. J. Image Graph. 8(4), 495\u2013512 (2008)","journal-title":"Int. J. Image Graph."},{"key":"2173_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhanarkar, A., Doshi, P.: Joint time frequency analysis based liveness fingerprint detection. In: 2013 IEEE second international conference on image information processing (ICIIP-2013), pp. 166\u2013169 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIIP.2013.6707575"},{"issue":"1","key":"2173_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2010.11.024","volume":"28","author":"J Galbally","year":"2012","unstructured":"Galbally, J., Alonso-Fernandez, F., Fierrez, J., Ortega-Garcia, J.: A high performance fingerprint liveness detection method based on quality related features. Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst. 28(1), 311\u2013321 (2012)","journal-title":"Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"2173_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galbaly, J., Alonso-Fernandez, F., Fierrez, J., Ortega-Garcia, J.: Fingerprint liveness detection based on quality measures. In: 2009 1st IEEE International Conference on Biometrics, Identity and Security (BIdS), pp. 1\u20139 (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/BIDS.2009.5507534"},{"key":"2173_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marasco, E., Sansone, C.: An anti-spoofing technique using multiple textural features in fingerprint scanners. In: 2010 IEEE Workshop on Biometric Measurements and Systems for Security and Medical Applications, pp. 8\u201314 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOMS.2010.5610440"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2173_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.05.002","volume":"204","author":"M Espinoza","year":"2011","unstructured":"Espinoza, M., Champod, C., Margot, P.: Vulnerabilities of fingerprint reader to fake fingerprints attacks. Forensic Sci. Int. 204(1\u20133), 41\u201349 (2011)","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"2173_CR30","unstructured":"Ghiani, L., Marcialis, G.L., Roli, F.: Fingerprint liveness detection by local phase quantization. In: 21st International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2012), no. ICPR, pp. 537\u2013540 (2012)"},{"key":"2173_CR31","unstructured":"Manivannan, N., Balachandran, W.: Active pore detection for liveness in fingerprint identification system. In: 19th Telecommunications forum TELFOR 2011, pp. 619\u2013622 (2011)"},{"key":"2173_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, M., Chen, Z., Sheng, W.: A pore-based method for fingerprint liveness detection. In: 2015 International Conference on Computer Science and Applications A, pp. 14\u201315 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/CSA.2015.79"},{"key":"2173_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antonelli, A., Cappelli, R., Maio, D., Maltoni, D.: A new approach to fake finger detection based on skin distortion. In: Zhang, D. (ed.) ICB 2006, LNCS, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 221\u2013228 (2006)","DOI":"10.1007\/11608288_30"},{"key":"2173_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, J., Cai, L., Zhang, K., Chen, D.: A new approach to fake finger detection based on skin elasticity analysis. In: S.-W. L. and Li, S.Z. (eds.) ICB 2007, LNCS 4642, pp. 309\u2013318. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2007)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74549-5_33"},{"key":"2173_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2008.06.012","volume":"42","author":"A Abhyankar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abhyankar, A., Schuckers, S.: Integrating a wavelet based perspiration liveness check with fingerprint recognition. Pattern Recogn. 42, 452\u2013464 (2009)","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn."},{"issue":"3","key":"2173_CR36","first-page":"1793","volume":"2","author":"A Abhyankar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abhyankar, A., Schuckers, S.: Modular decomposition of fingerprint time series captures for the liveness check. Int. J. Comput. Electr. Eng. 2(3), 1793\u20138163 (2010)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"2173_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2005.848192","volume":"35","author":"STV Parthasaradhi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Parthasaradhi, S.T.V., Derakhshani, R., Hornak, L.A., Schuckers, S.A.C.: Time-series detection of perspiration as a liveness test in fingerprint devices. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man, Cybern. C Appl. Rev. 35(3), 335\u2013343 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man, Cybern. C Appl. Rev."},{"key":"2173_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2013.06.041","volume":"268","author":"XY Jia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jia, X.Y., Cao, K., Zang, Y., Zhang, N., Dai, R., Zhu, X., Tian, J.: nMulti-scalelocal binary pattern with filters for spoof fingerprintdetection. Inf. Sci. 268, 91\u2013102 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2013.06.041","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"2173_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghiani, L., Hadid, A., Marcialis, G.L., Roli, F. : Fingerprint liveness detection using binarized statistical image features. In: 2013 IEEE 6th International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), pp. 1\u20136 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2013.6712708"},{"key":"2173_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Q., Chan, P.P.K.: Fingerprint liveness detection based on binarized statistical image feature with sampling from Gaussian distribution. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition, pp. 13\u201316 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICWAPR.2014.6961283"},{"key":"2173_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.113160","volume":"146","author":"S Agarwal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Agarwal, S., Chowdary, C.R.: A-stacking and a-bagging: adaptive versions of ensemble learning algorithms for spoof fingerprint detection. Expert Syst. Appl. 146, 113160 (2019)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"2173_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5806","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3048756","volume":"9","author":"LJ Gonz\u00e1lez-soler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-soler, L.J., Gomez-barrero, M., Chang, L., P\u00e9rez-su\u00e1rez, A., Busch, C., Member, S.: Fingerprint presentation attack detection based on local features encoding for unknown attacks. IEEE Access 9, 5806\u20135820 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2173_CR43","unstructured":"Minaee, S., Abdolrashidi, A., Su, H., Bennamoun, M., Apr, C.V.: Biometric recognition using deep learning\u202f: a survey (2021)"},{"key":"2173_CR44","unstructured":"Nogueira, R.F., De Alencar, R.: Evaluating software-based fingerprint liveness detection using convolutional networks and local binary patterns. In: 2014 IEEE Workshop on Biometric Measurements and Systems for Security and Medical Applications (BIOMS) Proceedings, Rome, pp. 22\u201329 (2014)"},{"key":"2173_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Li, K., Wu, Z., Zhao, Q.: A DCNN based fingerprint liveness detection algorithm with voting strategy. In: (2015) Chinese Conference on Biometric Recognition, pp. 241\u2013249 (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25417-3_29"},{"issue":"6","key":"2173_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2016.2520880","volume":"11","author":"RF Nogueira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nogueira, R.F., Lotufo, R.D.A., Machado, R.C.: Fingerprint liveness detection using convolutional neural networks. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forens. Secur. 11(6), 1206\u20131213 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forens. Secur."},{"key":"2173_CR47","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"A Krizhevsky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Hinton, G.E.: ImageNet classification with deep convolutional convolutional neural networks. Nips 1, 1\u201335 (2012)","journal-title":"Nips"},{"key":"2173_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, E., Kim, W., Li, Q., Kim, J., Kim, H.: Fingerprint liveness detection using CNN features of random sample patches. In: BIOSIG 2016, Lecture Notes in Informatics, Geslleschaft fur Informatic, Bonn (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOSIG.2016.7736923"},{"key":"2173_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Toosi, A.; Cumani, S. Bottino, A.: CNN Patch\u2013Based Voting for Fingerprint Liveness Detection. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence - IJCCI, ISBN 978-989-758-274-5 ISSN 2184-2825, pp. 158-165 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5220\/0006582101580165","DOI":"10.5220\/0006582101580165"},{"key":"2173_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lazimul, L.T.P., Binoy, D.L.: Fingerprint liveness detection using convolutional neural network and fingerprint image enhancement. In: 2017 Int. Conf. Energy, Commun. Data Anal. Soft Comput., pp. 731\u2013735 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECDS.2017.8389533"},{"issue":"9","key":"2173_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2018.0621","volume":"54","author":"HY Jung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jung, H.Y., Heo, Y.S.: Fingerprint liveness map construction using convolutional neural network. Electron. Lett. 54(9), 8\u20139 (2018)","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2173_CR52","first-page":"41","volume":"9","author":"GB De Souza","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Souza, G.B., Felipe, D., Gonc, R., Papa, P., Marana, A.N.: Deep features extraction for robust fingerprint spoofing attack detection. JAISCR 9(1), 41\u201349 (2019)","journal-title":"JAISCR"},{"key":"2173_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91476","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2927357","volume":"7","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Shi, D., Zhan, X., Cao, D., Zhu, K., Li, Z.: Slim-ResCNN\u202f: a deep residual convolutional neural network for fingerprint liveness detection. IEEE Access 7, 91476\u201391487 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2173_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26953","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2901235","volume":"7","author":"C Yuan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yuan, C., Xia, Z., Jiang, L.: Fingerprint liveness detection using an improved CNN with image scale equalization. IEEE Access 7, 26953\u201326966 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2173_CR55","first-page":"264","volume":"2","author":"DM Uliyan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Uliyan, D.M., Sadeghi, S., Jalab, H.A.: Anti-spoofing method for fingerprint recognition using patch based deep learning machine. Eng. Sci. Technol. Int. J. 2, 264\u2013273 (2020)","journal-title":"Eng. Sci. Technol. Int. J."},{"key":"2173_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84141","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2990909","volume":"8","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Pan, S., Zhan, X., Li, Z., Gao, M., Gao, C.: FLDNet: light dense CNN for fingerprint liveness detection. IEEE Access 8, 84141\u201384152 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2173_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183391","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3027846","volume":"8","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Gao, C., Xu, Y., Qiu, H.: A score-level fusion of fingerprint matching with fingerprint liveness detection. IEEE Access 8, 183391\u2013183400 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2173_CR58","first-page":"404","volume":"1842","author":"T Ojala","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ojala, T., Pietik\u00e4inen, M., M\u00e4enp\u00e4\u00e4, T.: Multiresolution gray scale and rotation invariant texture classification with local binary patterns. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. (including Subser. Lect. Notes Artif. Intell. Lect. Notes Bioinformat.) 1842, 404\u2013420 (2000)","journal-title":"Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. (including Subser. Lect. Notes Artif. Intell. Lect. Notes Bioinformat.)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2173_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2010.2044957","volume":"19","author":"Z Guo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guo, Z., Zhang, L., Zhang, D.: A completed modeling of local binary pattern operator for texture classification. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 19(6), 1657\u20131663 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"2173_CR60","unstructured":"Kannala, J., Rahtu, E.: BSIF: binarized statistical image features. In: Proc. - Int. Conf. Pattern Recognit., pp. 1363\u20131366 (2012)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2173_CR61","first-page":"774","volume":"24","author":"VF Vapnik","year":"1963","unstructured":"Vapnik, V.F., Lerner, A.Y.: Pattern recognition using generalized portraits. Autom. Remote Control 24(6), 774\u2013780 (1963)","journal-title":"Autom. Remote Control"},{"key":"2173_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcialis, G.L. et al.: First international fingerprint liveness detection competition-LivDet 2009. In: Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. (including Subser. Lect. Notes Artif. Intell. Lect. Notes Bioinformat.), vol. 5716 LNCS, pp. 12\u201323 (2009)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04146-4_4"},{"key":"2173_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yambay, D., Ghiani, L., Denti, P., Marcialis, G.L., Roli, F., Schuckers, S.: LivDet 2011\u2014Fingerprint liveness detection competition 2011. In: Proc.\u20142012 5th IAPR Int. Conf. Biometrics, ICB 2012, pp. 208\u2013215 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2012.6199810"},{"key":"2173_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mura, V., Ghiani, L., Marcialis, G.L., Roli, F., Yambay, D.A., Schuckers, S.A.: LivDet 2015 fingerprint liveness detection competition 2015, In: 2015 IEEE 7th Int. Conf. Biometrics Theory, Appl. Syst. BTAS 2015, pp. 0\u20135 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2015.7358776"},{"issue":"2","key":"2173_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2013.2292332","volume":"23","author":"J Galbally","year":"2014","unstructured":"Galbally, J., Marcel, S., Fierrez, J.: Image quality assessment for fake biometric detection: application to iris, fingerprint, and face recognition. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 23(2), 710\u2013724 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"2173_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ojansivu, V., Heikkil, J.: Blur insensitive texture classification using local phase quantization ville. In: ICISP, LNCS 5099. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 236\u2013243 (2008)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69905-7_27"},{"issue":"C","key":"2173_CR67","first-page":"1","volume":"PP","author":"E Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park, E., Cui, X., Hai, T., Nguyen, B., Kim, H.: Presentation attack detection using a tiny fully convolutional network. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forens. Secur. PP(C), 1 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forens. Secur."},{"issue":"C","key":"2173_CR68","first-page":"1","volume":"PP","author":"C Yuan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yuan, C., Xia, Z., Sun, X., Member, S., Wu, Q.M.J.: Deep residual network with adaptive learning framework for fingerprint liveness detection. IEEE Trans. Cogn. Dev. Syst. PP(C), 1 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cogn. Dev. Syst."},{"key":"2173_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3047723","volume":"9","author":"WEN Jian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jian, W.E.N., Zhou, Y., Liu, H.: Densely connected convolutional network optimized by genetic algorithm for fingerprint liveness detection. IEEE Access 9, 2229\u20132243 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2173_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2020.102039","volume":"61","author":"A Alshdadi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alshdadi, A., Mehboob, R., Dawood, H., Alassafi, M.O., Alghamdi, R., Dawood, H.: Exploiting Level 1 and Level 3 features of fingerprints for liveness detection. Biomed. Signal Process. Control 61, 102039 (2020)","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"key":"2173_CR71","first-page":"1499","volume":"19","author":"C Yuan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yuan, C., Sun, X.: Fingerprint liveness detection using histogram of oriented gradient based texture feature. J. Internet Technol. 19, 1499\u20131508 (2018)","journal-title":"J. Internet Technol."},{"issue":"c","key":"2173_CR72","first-page":"1","volume":"6013","author":"T Chugh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chugh, T., Member, S., Cao, K., Jain, A.K., Fellow, L.: Fingerprint spoof buster: use of minutiae-centered patches. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forens. Secur. 6013(c), 1\u201313 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forens. Secur."},{"issue":"4","key":"2173_CR73","first-page":"13","volume":"49","author":"LFA Pereira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pereira, L.F.A., Pinheiro, H.N.B., Cavalcanti, G.D.C.: Spatial surface coarseness analysis: technique for fingerprint spoof detection. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Process. (ICIP) 49(4), 13\u201314 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Int. Conf. Image Process. (ICIP)"}],"container-title":["The Visual Computer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-021-02173-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00371-021-02173-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-021-02173-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]],"date-time":"2023-11-04T21:59:45Z","timestamp":1699135185000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00371-021-02173-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-021-02173-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0178-2789","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 May 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 June 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}