{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T11:44:25Z","timestamp":1767008665804,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vis Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this paper, we propose Color2Hatch, a decolorization method for business\/presentation graphics. In Color2Hatch, each region represented as a closed path and uniformly colored in scalable vector graphics (SVG) is converted to a region hatched in black and white. From the characteristics of business graphics, the hatching patterns are designed to represent mainly the hue in the region; additionally, lightness and saturation can also be reflected. To discriminate subtle differences between colors, attached short line segments, zigzag lines, and wave lines are used in hatching by analogy to a clock. Compared with the existing decolorization methods, for example, grayscale conversion and texturing, our method is superior in the discrimination of regions, suitable for low-cost black and white printing that meets real-world needs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-021-02268-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T06:02:49Z","timestamp":1628575369000},"page":"3103-3113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Color2Hatch: conversion of color to hatching for low-cost printing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Ryoma","family":"Isumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunio","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6583-3957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsukasa","family":"Noma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2268_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bala, R., Braun, K.M.: Color-to-grayscale conversion to maintain discriminability. In: Proceedings of the SPIE 5293, Color Imaging IX: Processing, Hardcopy, and Applications (2003). Doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/12.532192","DOI":"10.1117\/12.532192"},{"issue":"3","key":"2268_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073241","volume":"24","author":"AA Gooch","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gooch, A.A., Olsen, S.C., Tumblin, J., Gooch, B.: Color2Gray: salience-preserving color removal. ACM Trans. Graph. 24(3), 634\u2013639 (2005)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"issue":"3","key":"2268_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2005.00867.x","volume":"24","author":"K Rasche","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rasche, K., Geist, R., Westall, J.: Re-coloring images for gamuts of lower dimension. Comput. Graph. Forum. 24(3), 423\u2013432 (2005)","journal-title":"Comput. Graph. Forum."},{"issue":"11","key":"2268_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2006.11.003","volume":"40","author":"J Grundland","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grundland, J., Dodgson, N.A.: Decolorize: fast, contrast enhancing, color to grayscale conversion. Pattern Recognit. 40(11), 2891\u20132896 (2007)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"issue":"2","key":"2268_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2008.01116.x","volume":"27","author":"K Smith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smith, K., Landes, P.-E., Thollot, J., Myszkowski, K.: Apparent greyscale: a simple and fast conversion to perceptually accurate images and video. Comput. Graph. Forum. 27(2), 192\u2013200 (2008)","journal-title":"Comput. Graph. Forum."},{"issue":"7","key":"2268_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-008-0231-2","volume":"24","author":"GR Kuhn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kuhn, G.R., Oliveira, M.M., Fernandes, L.A.: An improved contrast enhancing approach for color-to-grayscale mappings. Vis. Comput. 24(7), 505\u2013514 (2008)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"issue":"6","key":"2268_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-012-0683-2","volume":"28","author":"J Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu, J., Shen, X., Liu, L.: Interactive two-scale color-to-gray. Vis. Comput. 28(6), 723\u2013731 (2012)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"issue":"12","key":"2268_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-015-1145-4","volume":"32","author":"Z Ji","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ji, Z., Fang, M.E., Wang, Y., Ma, W.: Efficient decolorization preserving dominant distinctions. Vis. Comput. 32(12), 1621\u20131631 (2016)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"issue":"11","key":"2268_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-009-0412-7","volume":"26","author":"M Cui","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cui, M., Hu, J., Razdan, A., Wonka, P.: Color-to-gray conversion using ISOMAP. Vis. Comput. 26(11), 1349\u20131360 (2010)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"issue":"3","key":"2268_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-013-0854-9","volume":"30","author":"W Zhu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhu, W., Hu, R., Liu, L.: Grey conversion via perceived-contrast. Vis. Comput. 30(3), 299\u2013309 (2014)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"key":"2268_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2017.07.009","volume":"70","author":"H Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao, H., Zhang, H., Jin, X.: Efficient image decolorization with a multimodal contrast-preserving measure. Comput. Graph. 70, 251\u2013260 (2018)","journal-title":"Comput. Graph."},{"issue":"11","key":"2268_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5464","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2855424","volume":"27","author":"W Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, W., Li, Z., Wu, S.: Color contrast-preserving decolorization. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 27(11), 5464\u20135474 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"6","key":"2268_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-018-1524-8","volume":"34","author":"X Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Liu, S.: Contrast preserving image decolorization combining global features and local semantic features. Vis. Comput. 34(6), 1099\u20131108 (2018)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"2268_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-017-1464-8","volume":"35","author":"Q Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, Q., Li, S., Xiong, J., Qin, B.: WpmDecolor: weighted projection maximum solver for contrast-preserving decolorization. Vis. Comput. 35(2), 205\u2013221 (2019)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"key":"2268_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roetling, P.G.: Pseudo-gray techniques for the black and white display of color images. In: Proceedings of the SPIE 0310, Image Quality (1981) Doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/12.932860","DOI":"10.1117\/12.932860"},{"key":"2268_CR16","unstructured":"Harrington, S.J.: Mapping of color images to black-and-white textured images. US Patent 5,153,576 (1992)"},{"key":"2268_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harrington, S.J.: Algorithmic mapping of colors to textures. Proc. SPIE 2171, Color Hard Copy and Graphic Arts III (1994) Doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/12.175319","DOI":"10.1117\/12.175319"},{"key":"2268_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bai, Y., Harrington, S.J., Taber, J.: Improved algorithmic mapping of color to texture. In: Proceedings of the SPIE 4300, Color Imaging: Device-Independent Color, Color Hardcopy, and Graphic Arts VI (2000) Doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/12.410819","DOI":"10.1117\/12.410819"},{"issue":"6","key":"2268_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2006.871181","volume":"15","author":"RL Queiroz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Queiroz, R.L., Braun, K.M.: Color to gray and back: color embedding into textured gray images. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 15(6), 1464\u20131470 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"2268_CR20","first-page":"493","volume":"2016","author":"H Guss","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guss, H.: Texturing coloured images in black and white. Proc. Bridges 2016, 493\u2013496 (2016)","journal-title":"Proc. Bridges"},{"key":"2268_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saito, T., Takahashi, T.: Comprehensible rendering of 3-D shapes. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH \u201990, 197\u2013206 (1990)","DOI":"10.1145\/97880.97901"},{"key":"2268_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salisbury, M.P., Wong, M.T., Hughes, J.F., Salesin, D.H: Orientable textures for image-based pen-and-ink illustration. In: Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH \u201997, 401\u2013406 (1997)","DOI":"10.1145\/258734.258890"},{"key":"2268_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Webb, M., Praun, E., Finkelstein, A., Hoppe, H.: Fine tone control in hardware hatching. In: Proceedings of NPAR \u201902, 53-ff (2002)","DOI":"10.1145\/508530.508540"},{"key":"2268_CR24","first-page":"2M","volume":"14","author":"ANS Institute","year":"1979","unstructured":"Institute, A.N.S.: Line conventions and Lettering. Y 14, 2M (1979)","journal-title":"Line conventions and Lettering. Y"},{"key":"2268_CR25","unstructured":"Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), https:\/\/www.w3.org\/Graphics\/SVG\/"},{"key":"2268_CR26","unstructured":"Economic Research Association (ed): Printing Price Data 2021 (Sekisan Shiryou Insatsu Ryoukin 2021). Economic Research Association (2021) (in Japanese)"},{"key":"2268_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Abramsohn, D., Ives, T., Shaw, M., Allebach, J.: Estimating toner usage with laser electrophotographic printers. In: Proceedings of the SPIE 8652, Color Imaging XVIII: Displaying, Processing, Hardcopy, and Applications (2013)","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2008504"},{"issue":"3","key":"2268_CR28","first-page":"231","volume":"40","author":"T Hara","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hara, T.: Current status and issues of print quality in color laser printers. J. Imag. Soc. Jpn 40(3), 231\u2013236 (2001)","journal-title":"J. Imag. Soc. Jpn"},{"key":"2268_CR29","unstructured":"The Imaging Society of Japan (ed): Inkjet (revised version). Tokyo Denki University Press (2018) (in Japanese)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2268_CR30","first-page":"358","volume":"41","author":"T Makita","year":"2001","unstructured":"Makita, T., Kutsuma, T.: Image processing design optimized for high definition inkjet printers considering human visual system. J. Imag. Soc. Jpn 41(4), 358\u2013367 (2001)","journal-title":"J. Imag. Soc. Jpn"},{"key":"2268_CR31","unstructured":"Adobe Systems Inc.: PostScript Language Reference (3rd ed.). Addison-Wesley, New York (1999)"},{"key":"2268_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Borgo, R., Kehrer, J., Chung, D.H., Maguire, E., Laramee, R.S., Hauser, H., Ward, M., Chen, M.: Glyph-based visualization: foundations, design guidelines, techniques and applications. Eurographics 2013, State of the Art Reports (2013) doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2312\/conf\/EG2013\/stars\/039-063","DOI":"10.2312\/conf\/EG2013\/stars\/039-063"},{"key":"2268_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pickett, R.M., Grinstein G.G.: Iconographic displays for visualizing multidimensional data. In: Proceedings of IEEE SMC \u201988, 514\u2013519 (1988)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.1988.754351"}],"container-title":["The Visual Computer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-021-02268-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00371-021-02268-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-021-02268-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T04:59:25Z","timestamp":1725598765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00371-021-02268-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-021-02268-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0178-2789"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-2315"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 July 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare relevant to the contents of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}