{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T21:51:28Z","timestamp":1774475488375,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685404800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020569","name":"Hong Kong Metropolitan University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RD\/2021\/09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD\/2021\/09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vis Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-023-02897-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T05:01:52Z","timestamp":1685422912000},"page":"5139-5153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Structure-preserving image smoothing via contrastive learning"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Dingkun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9068-0227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fu Lee","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2897_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6631","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3097891","volume":"44","author":"W Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, W., Zhang, P., Lei, Y., Huang, X., Yang, J., Ng, M.K.-P.: A generalized framework for edge-preserving and structure-preserving image smoothing. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 44(10), 6631\u20136648 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"3","key":"2897_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1360612.1360666","volume":"27","author":"Z Farbman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Farbman, Z., Fattal, R., Lischinski, D., Szeliski, R.: Edge-preserving decompositions for multi-scale tone and detail manipulation. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 27(3), 1\u201310 (2008)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2897_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1145\/1276377.1276441","volume":"26","author":"R Fattal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fattal, R., Agrawala, M., Rusinkiewicz, S.: Multiscale shape and detail enhancement from multi-light image collections. ACM Trans. Graph. 26(3), 51 (2007)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"issue":"6","key":"2897_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.213","volume":"35","author":"K He","year":"2012","unstructured":"He, K., Sun, J., Tang, X.: Guided image filtering. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 35(6), 1397\u20131409 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"2897_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, R.M., Brown, M.S.: Fast and effective l0 gradient minimization by region fusion. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 208\u2013216 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.32"},{"issue":"4","key":"2897_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1145\/1183287.1183292","volume":"25","author":"G Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang, G., Wong, T.-T., Heng, P.-A.: Deringing cartoons by image analogies. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 25(4), 1360\u20131379 (2006)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2897_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2016.2612826","volume":"26","author":"W Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu, W., Chen, X., Yang, J., Wu, Q.: Robust color guided depth map restoration. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 26(1), 315\u2013327 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"6","key":"2897_CR8","first-page":"1","volume":"31","author":"L Xu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xu, L., Yan, Q., Xia, Y., Jia, J.: Structure extraction from texture via relative total variation. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 31(6), 1\u201310 (2012)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG)"},{"key":"2897_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Q., Shen, X., Xu, L., Jia, J.: Rolling guidance filter. In: European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 815\u2013830 (2014). Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10578-9_53"},{"issue":"4","key":"2897_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2601097.2601188","volume":"33","author":"H Cho","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cho, H., Lee, H., Kang, H., Lee, S.: Bilateral texture filtering. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 33(4), 1\u20138 (2014)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG)"},{"key":"2897_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7223","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3084473","volume":"33","author":"Y Feng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feng, Y., Deng, S., Yan, X., Yang, X., Wei, M., Liu, L.: Easy2hard: learning to solve the intractables from a synthetic dataset for structure-preserving image smoothing. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. 33, 7223\u20137236 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst."},{"issue":"8","key":"2897_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2014.2377715","volume":"37","author":"P Doll\u00e1r","year":"2014","unstructured":"Doll\u00e1r, P., Zitnick, C.L.: Fast edge detection using structured forests. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 37(8), 1558\u20131570 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"2897_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Cheng, M.-M., Hu, X., Wang, K., Bai, X.: Richer convolutional features for edge detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3000\u20133009 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.622"},{"key":"2897_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, S., Tu, Z.: Holistically-nested edge detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 1395\u20131403 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.164"},{"key":"2897_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wibisono, J.K., Hang, H.-M.: Traditional method inspired deep neural network for edge detection. In: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 678\u2013682 (2020). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP40778.2020.9190982"},{"key":"2897_CR16","unstructured":"Chen, T., Kornblith, S., Norouzi, M., Hinton, G.: A simple framework for contrastive learning of visual representations. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 1597\u20131607 (2020). PMLR"},{"key":"2897_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, K., Fan, H., Wu, Y., Xie, S., Girshick, R.: Momentum contrast for unsupervised visual representation learning. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 9729\u20139738 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00975"},{"key":"2897_CR18","unstructured":"Henaff, O.: Data-efficient image recognition with contrastive predictive coding. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 4182\u20134192 (2020). PMLR"},{"key":"2897_CR19","first-page":"21271","volume":"33","author":"J-B Grill","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grill, J.-B., Strub, F., Altch\u00e9, F., Tallec, C., Richemond, P., Buchatskaya, E., Doersch, C., Avila Pires, B., Guo, Z., Gheshlaghi Azar, M.: Bootstrap your own latent\u2014a new approach to self-supervised learning. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. 33, 21271\u201321284 (2020)","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"2897_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, T., Efros, A.A., Zhang, R., Zhu, J.-Y.: Contrastive learning for unpaired image-to-image translation. In: European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 319\u2013345 (2020). Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58545-7_19"},{"key":"2897_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, H., Qu, Y., Lin, S., Zhou, J., Qiao, R., Zhang, Z., Xie, Y., Ma, L.: Contrastive learning for compact single image dehazing. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 10551\u201310560 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01041"},{"key":"2897_CR22","unstructured":"Liang, D., Li, L., Wei, M., Yang, S., Zhang, L., Yang, W., Du, Y., Zhou, H.: Semantically contrastive learning for low-light image enhancement. arXiv preprint arXiv:2112.06451 (2021)"},{"key":"2897_CR23","volume-title":"Anisotropic Diffusion in Image Processing","author":"J Weickert","year":"1998","unstructured":"Weickert, J.: Anisotropic Diffusion in Image Processing, vol. 1. Teubner, Stuttgart (1998)"},{"key":"2897_CR24","unstructured":"Tomasi, C., Manduchi, R.: Bilateral filtering for gray and color images. In: Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision (IEEE Cat. No. 98CH36271), pp. 839\u2013846 (1998). IEEE"},{"key":"2897_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gastal, E.S., Oliveira, M.M.: Domain transform for edge-aware image and video processing. In: ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 Papers, pp. 1\u201312 (2011)","DOI":"10.1145\/1964921.1964964"},{"issue":"4","key":"2897_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1145\/2010324.1964963","volume":"30","author":"S Paris","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paris, S., Hasinoff, S.W., Kautz, J.: Local Laplacian filters: edge-aware image processing with a Laplacian pyramid. ACM Trans. Graph. 30(4), 68 (2011)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"key":"2897_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeon, J., Lee, H., Kang, H., Lee, S.: Scale-aware structure-preserving texture filtering. In: Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 35, pp. 77\u201386 (2016). Wiley Online Library","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13005"},{"issue":"9","key":"2897_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4354","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2904847","volume":"28","author":"P Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu, P., Wang, W.: Structure-aware window optimization for texture filtering. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 28(9), 4354\u20134363 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"2897_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, K., Sun, J., Tang, X.: Guided image filtering. In: European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 1\u201314 (2010). Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15549-9_1"},{"key":"2897_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kass, M., Solomon, J.: Smoothed local histogram filters. In: ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 Papers, pp. 1\u201310 (2010)","DOI":"10.1145\/1833349.1778837"},{"key":"2897_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiss, B.: Fast median and bilateral filtering. In: ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers, pp. 519\u2013526 (2006)","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1141918"},{"key":"2897_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, Z., He, K., Wei, Y., Sun, J., Wu, E.: Constant time weighted median filtering for stereo matching and beyond. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 49\u201356 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2013.13"},{"issue":"6","key":"2897_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2508363.2508403","volume":"32","author":"L Karacan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Karacan, L., Erdem, E., Erdem, A.: Structure-preserving image smoothing via region covariances. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 32(6), 1\u201311 (2013)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG)"},{"key":"2897_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, F., Dai, L., Xiang, S., Zhang, X.: Segment graph based image filtering: fast structure-preserving smoothing. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 361\u2013369 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.49"},{"key":"2897_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Q.: Semantic filtering. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 4517\u20134526 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.489"},{"issue":"5","key":"2897_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1618452.1618493","volume":"28","author":"K Subr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Subr, K., Soler, C., Durand, F.: Edge-preserving multiscale image decomposition based on local extrema. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 28(5), 1\u20139 (2009)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG)"},{"key":"2897_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, L., Lu, C., Xu, Y., Jia, J.: Image smoothing via $$L_0$$ gradient minimization. In: Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia Conference, pp. 1\u201312 (2011)","DOI":"10.1145\/2070781.2024208"},{"issue":"4","key":"2897_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2766946","volume":"34","author":"S Bi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bi, S., Han, X., Yu, Y.: An $$L_1$$ image transform for edge-preserving smoothing and scene-level intrinsic decomposition. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 34(4), 1\u201312 (2015)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG)"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"2897_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2789(92)90242-F","volume":"60","author":"LI Rudin","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rudin, L.I., Osher, S., Fatemi, E.: Nonlinear total variation based noise removal algorithms. Physica D 60(1\u20134), 259\u2013268 (1992)","journal-title":"Physica D"},{"key":"2897_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hua, M., Bie, X., Zhang, M., Wang, W.: Edge-aware gradient domain optimization framework for image filtering by local propagation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2838\u20132845 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.363"},{"issue":"1","key":"2897_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2017.2669034","volume":"40","author":"B Ham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ham, B., Cho, M., Ponce, J.: Robust guided image filtering using nonconvex potentials. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 40(1), 192\u2013207 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"2897_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, L., Fu, C.-W., Jin, Y., Wei, M., Qin, J., Heng, P.-A.: Non-local sparse and low-rank regularization for structure-preserving image smoothing. In: Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 35, pp. 217\u2013226 (2016). Wiley Online Library","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13019"},{"key":"2897_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4065","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2020.3037535","volume":"23","author":"J Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu, J., Liu, Z.-A., Hou, Y.-K., Zhen, X.-T., Shao, L., Cheng, M.-M.: Pixel-level non-local image smoothing with objective evaluation. IEEE Trans. Multimed. 23, 4065\u20134078 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"key":"2897_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, D.: A trilateral weighted sparse coding scheme for real-world image denoising. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), pp. 20\u201336 (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01237-3_2"},{"key":"2897_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, J., Zhang, L., Zuo, W., Zhang, D., Feng, X.: Patch group based nonlocal self-similarity prior learning for image denoising. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 244\u2013252 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.36"},{"key":"2897_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5121","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.2980116","volume":"29","author":"Y Hou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hou, Y., Xu, J., Liu, M., Liu, G., Liu, L., Zhu, F., Shao, L.: NLH: a blind pixel-level non-local method for real-world image denoising. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 29, 5121\u20135135 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"2897_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3388887","volume":"39","author":"W Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, W., Zhang, P., Huang, X., Yang, J., Shen, C., Reid, I.: Real-time image smoothing via iterative least squares. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 39(3), 1\u201324 (2020)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG)"},{"issue":"7","key":"2897_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3556","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2908778","volume":"28","author":"F Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu, F., Liang, Z., Jia, X., Zhang, L., Yu, Y.: A benchmark for edge-preserving image smoothing. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 28(7), 3556\u20133570 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"2897_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, K., You, S., Barnes, N.: Deep texture and structure aware filtering network for image smoothing. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), pp. 217\u2013233 (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01225-0_14"},{"issue":"5","key":"2897_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2786469","volume":"27","author":"H Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Patel, V.M.: Convolutional sparse and low-rank coding-based image decomposition. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 27(5), 2121\u20132133 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"2897_CR51","unstructured":"Xu, L., Ren, J., Yan, Q., Liao, R., Jia, J.: Deep edge-aware filters. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 1669\u20131678 (2015). PMLR"},{"key":"2897_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Q., Xu, J., Koltun, V.: Fast image processing with fully-convolutional networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 2497\u20132506 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.273"},{"key":"2897_CR53","unstructured":"Shen, X., Chen, Y.-C., Tao, X., Jia, J.: Convolutional neural pyramid for image processing. arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.02071 (2017)"},{"key":"2897_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, S., Pan, J., Yang, M.-H.: Learning recursive filters for low-level vision via a hybrid neural network. In: European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 560\u2013576 (2016). Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46493-0_34"},{"key":"2897_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Huang, J.-B., Ahuja, N., Yang, M.-H.: Deep joint image filtering. In: European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 154\u2013169 (2016). Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46493-0_10"},{"key":"2897_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, Q., Chen, D., Yuan, L., Hua, G., Yu, N., Chen, B.: Decouple learning for parameterized image operators. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), pp. 442\u2013458 (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01261-8_27"},{"key":"2897_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 770\u2013778 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"2897_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conneau, A., Schwenk, H., Barrault, L., Lecun, Y.: Very deep convolutional networks for text classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.01781 (2016)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/E17-1104"},{"issue":"7","key":"2897_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2889055","volume":"26","author":"L Zhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhu, L., Hu, X., Fu, C.-W., Qin, J., Heng, P.-A.: Saliency-aware texture smoothing. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 26(7), 2471\u20132484 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"2897_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian, Y., Krishnan, D., Isola, P.: Contrastive multiview coding. In: European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 776\u2013794 (2020). Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58621-8_45"},{"key":"2897_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sermanet, P., Lynch, C., Chebotar, Y., Hsu, J., Jang, E., Schaal, S., Levine, S., Brain, G.: Time-contrastive networks: self-supervised learning from video. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 1134\u20131141 (2018). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2018.8462891"},{"key":"2897_CR62","unstructured":"Gutmann, M., Hyv\u00e4rinen, A.: Noise-contrastive estimation: a new estimation principle for unnormalized statistical models. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, pp. 297\u2013304 (2010). JMLR Workshop and Conference Proceedings"},{"key":"2897_CR63","unstructured":"Hermans, A., Beyer, L., Leibe, B.: In defense of the triplet loss for person re-identification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.07737 (2017)"},{"key":"2897_CR64","unstructured":"Sohn, K.: Improved deep metric learning with multi-class n-pair loss objective. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 29 (2016)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2897_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2017.2699184","volume":"40","author":"L-C Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, L.-C., Papandreou, G., Kokkinos, I., Murphy, K., Yuille, A.L.: Deeplab: semantic image segmentation with deep convolutional nets, Atrous convolution, and fully connected CRFs. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 40(4), 834\u2013848 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"2897_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, P., Chen, P., Yuan, Y., Liu, D., Huang, Z., Hou, X., Cottrell, G.: Understanding convolution for semantic segmentation. In: 2018 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), pp. 1451\u20131460 (2018). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2018.00163"},{"key":"2897_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, S., Wei, M., Wang, J., Feng, Y., Liang, L., Xie, H., Wang, F.L., Wang, M.: Detail-recovery image deraining via context aggregation networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 14560\u201314569 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01457"},{"issue":"5","key":"2897_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2010.161","volume":"33","author":"P Arbelaez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arbelaez, P., Maire, M., Fowlkes, C., Malik, J.: Contour detection and hierarchical image segmentation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 33(5), 898\u2013916 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPAMI.2010.161","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"2897_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Efros, A.A., Freeman, W.T.: Image quilting for texture synthesis and transfer. In: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, pp. 341\u2013346 (2001)","DOI":"10.1145\/383259.383296"},{"issue":"4","key":"2897_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.819861","volume":"13","author":"Z Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Bovik, A.C., Sheikh, H.R., Simoncelli, E.P.: Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 13(4), 600\u2013612 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"2897_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schroff, F., Kalenichenko, D., Philbin, J.: Facenet: a unified embedding for face recognition and clustering. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 815\u2013823 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298682"},{"key":"2897_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, W., Chen, X., Shen, C., Liu, Z., Yang, J.: Semi-global weighted least squares in image filtering. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 5861\u20135869 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.624"}],"container-title":["The Visual Computer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-023-02897-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00371-023-02897-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-023-02897-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T13:22:49Z","timestamp":1721827369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00371-023-02897-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2897"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-023-02897-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0178-2789","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 May 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 May 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}