{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T19:29:32Z","timestamp":1776022172894,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,12]],"date-time":"2023-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691798400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,12]],"date-time":"2023-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vis Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-023-03023-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,12]],"date-time":"2023-08-12T12:02:05Z","timestamp":1691841725000},"page":"3217-3231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Multimodal biometric identification based on overlapped fingerprints, palm prints, and finger knuckles using BM-KMA and CS-RBFNN techniques in forensic applications"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Jyothi","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Chitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"3023_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.114687","volume":"176","author":"J Khodadoust","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khodadoust, J., Medina-Perez Miguel, A., Monroy, R., Khodadoust Ali, M., Mirkamali Seyed, S.: A multi-biometric system based on the fusion of fingerprint, finger-vein and finger-knuckle-print. Expert Syst. Appl. 176, 1\u201313 (2021)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"3023_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kaushikp, S., Singh, R.: A new hybrid approach for palm print recognition in nPCA based palm print recognition system. In: 5th International conference on reliability, infocom technologies and optimization. (2016). http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICRITO.2016.7784958","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRITO.2016.7784958"},{"key":"3023_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anitha, M.L., Radhakrishna Rao, K.A.: A novel bimodal biometric identification system based on finger geometry and palm print. In: 19th International conference on digital signal processing. 20\u201323 Aug 2014, Hong Kong, China. (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDSP.2014.6900730","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDSP.2014.6900730"},{"issue":"8","key":"3023_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2021.107344","volume":"106","author":"H Choudhury Surabhi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choudhury Surabhi, H., Kumar, A., Laskar Shahedul, H.: Adaptive management of multimodal biometrics a deep learning and metaheuristic approach. Appl. Soft Comput. 106(8), 1\u201320 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2021.107344","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"3023_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICA.2014.60","author":"A George","year":"2014","unstructured":"George, A., Karthick, G., Harikumar, R.: An efficient system for palm print recognition using ridges. Int. Conf. Intell. Comput. Appl. (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICICA.2014.60","journal-title":"Int. Conf. Intell. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"3023_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2020.11.141","author":"P Garg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garg, P., Jain, A.K.: An invisible based watermaking technique for biometric image authentication. Mater. Today Proceed. (In Press). (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matpr.2020.11.141","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proceed. (In Press)."},{"key":"3023_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.05.187","volume":"85","author":"D Jagadiswary","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jagadiswary, D., Saraswady, D.: Biometric authentication using fused multimodal biometric. Procedia Comput. Sci. 85, 109\u2013116 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2016.05.187","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"3023_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S1005-8885(17)60221-8","volume":"24","author":"M Xin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xin, M., Xiaojun, J.: Correlation-based identification approach for multimodal biometric fusion. J. China Universit. Posts Telecommun. 24(4), 34\u201339 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1005-8885(17)60221-8","journal-title":"J. China Universit. Posts Telecommun."},{"key":"3023_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vijayalakshmi, V., Divya, R., Jaganath, K.: Finger and palm print based multibiometric authentication system with GUI interface. International conference on Communication and Signal Processing, April 3\u20135 (2013). India. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/iccsp.2013.6577154","DOI":"10.1109\/iccsp.2013.6577154"},{"key":"3023_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Le-qing, Z.: Finger knuckle print recognition based on SURF algorithm. In: 8th International conference on fuzzy systems and knowledge discovery (FSKD), 26\u201328 July 2011, Shanghai, China. (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/FSKD.2011.6019781","DOI":"10.1109\/FSKD.2011.6019781"},{"key":"3023_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2016.05.039","volume":"47","author":"S Srivastava","year":"2016","unstructured":"Srivastava, S., Bhardwaj, S., Bhargava, S.: Fusion of palm-phalanges print with palmprint and dorsal hand vein. Appl. Soft Comput. 47, 12\u201320 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2016.05.039","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"3023_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2013.09.001","volume":"18","author":"YJ Chin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chin, Y.J., Ong, T.S., Teoh, A.B.J., Goh, K.O.M.: Integrated biometrics template protection technique based on fingerprint and palmprint feature-level fusion. Inform. Fusion. 18, 161\u2013174 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inffus.2013.09.001","journal-title":"Inform. Fusion."},{"key":"3023_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2010.11.020","volume":"2","author":"R Kumar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kumar, R., Keshri, R.P., Malathy, C., Panaiyappan, A.K.: Motion invariant palm-print texture based biometric security. Procedia Comput. Sci. 2, 159\u2013163 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2010.11.020","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"3023_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S1005-8885(17)60242-5","volume":"24","author":"M Xin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xin, M., Xiaojun, J.: Palm vein recognition method based on fusion of local Gabor histograms. J. China Universit. Posts Telecommun. 24(6), 55\u201366 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1005-8885(17)60242-5","journal-title":"J. China Universit. Posts Telecommun."},{"key":"3023_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhai, L., Hu, Q.: The research of double-biometric identification technology based on finger geometry & palm print. In: 2nd International conference on artificial intelligence, management science and electronic commerce. (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/AIMSEC.2011.6010656","DOI":"10.1109\/AIMSEC.2011.6010656"},{"key":"3023_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Michael, G.K.O., Connie, T., Teoh Beng Jin, A.: Robust palm print and knuckle print recognition system using a contactless approach. In: 5th IEEE Conference on industrial electronics and applications, 15\u201317 June 2010, Taichung, Taiwan. (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICIEA.2010.5516864","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIEA.2010.5516864"},{"issue":"3","key":"3023_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2007.06.033","volume":"41","author":"D Bouchaffra","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bouchaffra, D., Amira, A.: Structural hidden markov models for biometrics: fusion of face and fingerprint. Pattern Recogn. 41(3), 852\u2013867 (2008)","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn."},{"key":"3023_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksues.2021.07.011","author":"R Kute","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kute, R., Vyas, V., Anuse, A.: Transfer learning for face recognition using fingerprint biometrics. J. King Saud Univer. \u2013 Eng. Sci. (In Press). (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jksues.2021.07.011","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univer. \u2013 Eng. Sci. (In Press)."},{"issue":"3","key":"3023_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisa.2020.102707","volume":"58","author":"M Vijay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vijay, M., Indumathi, G.: Deep belief network-based hybrid model for multimodal biometric system for futuristic security applications. J. Inform. Secur. Appl. 58(3), 1\u201314 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jisa.2020.102707","journal-title":"J. Inform. Secur. Appl."},{"key":"3023_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2018.01.026","volume":"78","author":"W Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang, W., Wang, S., Hu, J., Zheng, G., Valli, C.: A fingerprint and finger-vein based cancelable multi-biometric system. Patt. Recogn. 78, 242\u2013251 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patcog.2018.01.026","journal-title":"Patt. Recogn."},{"key":"3023_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2018.08.036","volume":"116","author":"G Singh Walia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Singh Walia, G., Singh, T., Singh, K., Verma, N.: Robust multimodal biometric system based on optimal score level fusion model. Expert Syst. Appl. 116, 364\u2013376 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2018.08.036","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"3023_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2018.06.008","volume":"71","author":"HC Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang, H.C., Hsieh, C.T., Hsiao, M.N., Yeh, C.H.: A study of automatic separation and recognition for overlapped fingerprints. Appl. Soft Comput. 71, 127\u2013140 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2018.06.008","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"issue":"23","key":"3023_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2014.07.027","volume":"125","author":"J Peng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peng, J., Abd El-Latif, A.A., Li, Q., Niu, X.: Multimodal biometric authentication based on score level fusion of finger biometrics. Optik 125(23), 6891\u20136897 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijleo.2014.07.027","journal-title":"Optik"},{"issue":"1","key":"3023_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10961","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-12384-3","volume":"81","author":"A Attia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Attia, A., Mazaa, S., Akhtar, Z., Chahir, Y.: Deep learning-driven palmprint and finger knuckle pattern-based multimodal Person recognition system. Multim. Tools Appl. 81(1), 10961\u201310980 (2022)","journal-title":"Multim. Tools Appl."},{"key":"3023_CR25","first-page":"1","volume":"32","author":"M Anbari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anbari, M., Fotouhi, A.M.: Finger knuckle print recognition for personal authentication based on\u00a0relaxed local ternary pattern in an effective learning framework. Mach. Vision Appl. 32, 1\u201311 (2022)","journal-title":"Mach. Vision Appl."},{"key":"3023_CR26","first-page":"1","volume":"239","author":"G Arora","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arora, G., Singh, A., Nigam, A., Pandey, H.M., Tiwari, K.: An efficient learning framework for finger-knuckle-print database indexing to boost identification. Knowl.-Based Syst. 239, 1\u201322 (2021)","journal-title":"Knowl.-Based Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"3023_CR27","first-page":"1281","volume":"12","author":"H Farooq","year":"2018","unstructured":"Farooq, H., Naaz, S.: Performance analysis of biometric recognition system based on palmprint. Int. J. Inf. Technol. 12(4), 1281\u20131289 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"3023_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asej.2016.04.006","volume":"9","author":"K Usha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Usha, K., Ezhilarasan, M.: Robust personal authentication using finger knuckle geometric and texture features. Ain Shams Eng. J. 9(4), 549\u2013565 (2016)","journal-title":"Ain Shams Eng. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"3023_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-015-3058-7","volume":"76","author":"L Lu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lu, L., Ming, L., Cheonshik, K., Xue, B.: Dual-source discrimination power analysis for multi-instance contactless palmprint recognition. Multim. Tools Appl. 76(1), 333\u2013354 (2017)","journal-title":"Multim. Tools Appl."},{"key":"3023_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2012.08.028","volume":"108","author":"Lu Leng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leng, Lu., Zhang, J.: PalmHash code vs. PalmPhasor code. Neurocomputing 108, 1\u201312 (2013)","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"}],"container-title":["The Visual Computer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-023-03023-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00371-023-03023-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-023-03023-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T09:08:36Z","timestamp":1713517716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00371-023-03023-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,12]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["3023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-023-03023-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0178-2789","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 July 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent of publication"}}]}}