{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:44:09Z","timestamp":1779889449578,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61602076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61602076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61702072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61702072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62002039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62002039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61976032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61976032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vis Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-025-03849-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T02:11:47Z","timestamp":1741227107000},"page":"7965-7981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["CAFormer: a connectivity-aware vision transformer for road extraction from remote sensing images"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Xite","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changsheng","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3849_CR1","first-page":"209","volume":"5","author":"DB Bong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bong, D.B., Lai, K.C., Joseph, A.: Automatic road network recognition and extraction for urban planning. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol. 5(1), 209\u2013215 (2009)","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"3849_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10091461","volume":"10","author":"Y Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Xie, Z., Feng, Y., Chen, Z.: Road extraction from high-resolution remote sensing imagery using deep learning. Remote Sens. 10, 1461 (2018)","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"3849_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protcy.2016.05.180","volume":"24","author":"J Hormese","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hormese, J., Saravanan, C.: Automated road extraction from high resolution satellite images. Procedia Technol. 24, 1460\u20131467 (2016)","journal-title":"Procedia Technol."},{"key":"3849_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, H., Lu, N., Ge, L., Li, Q., You, X., Li, X.: Automatic road damage detection using high-resolution satellite images and road maps. In: 2013 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium-IGARSS, pp. 3718\u20133721 (2013). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2013.6723638"},{"key":"3849_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin, Y., Zhao, N., Yang, J., Pan, S., Sheng, B., Lau, R.W.: Urbanevolver: Function-aware urban layout regeneration. International Journal of Computer Vision, 1\u201320 (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-024-02030-w"},{"issue":"8","key":"3849_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2019.2894627","volume":"26","author":"B Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, B., Sheng, B., Li, P., Lee, T.-Y.: Depth of field rendering using multilayer-neighborhood optimization. IEEE Trans. Visual Comput. Graphics 26(8), 2546\u20132559 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Visual Comput. Graphics"},{"issue":"16","key":"3849_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4198","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2019.0723","volume":"14","author":"A Sardar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sardar, A., Mehrshad, N., Mohammad Razavi, S.: Efficient image segmentation method based on an adaptive selection of gabor filters. IET Image Proc. 14(16), 4198\u20134209 (2020)","journal-title":"IET Image Proc."},{"issue":"11","key":"3849_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4170","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2018.2874517","volume":"11","author":"M Omati","year":"2018","unstructured":"Omati, M., Sahebi, M.R.: Change detection of polarimetric Sar images based on the integration of improved watershed and MRF segmentation approaches. IEEE J. Select. Topics Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. 11(11), 4170\u20134179 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Select. Topics Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens."},{"issue":"12","key":"3849_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.70.12.1365","volume":"70","author":"M Song","year":"2004","unstructured":"Song, M., Civco, D.: Road extraction using svm and image segmentation. Photogram. Eng. Remote Sens. 70(12), 1365\u20131371 (2004)","journal-title":"Photogram. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"key":"3849_CR10","volume":"131","author":"Y Xie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xie, Y., Zhan, N., Zhu, J., Xu, B., Chen, H., Mao, W., Luo, X., Hu, Y.: Landslide extraction from aerial imagery considering context association characteristics. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. 131, 103950 (2024)","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"3849_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, W., Feng, Z., Wan, Q., Xie, Y., Feng, D., Zhu, J., Liu, Y.: Building height extraction from high-resolution single-view remote sensing images using shadow and side information. IEEE J. Select. Topics Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2024.3372113"},{"key":"3849_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2023.07.027","volume":"203","author":"H Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, H., Feng, D., Cao, S., Xu, W., Xie, Y., Zhu, J., Zhang, H.: Slice-to-slice context transfer and uncertain region calibration network for shadow detection in remote sensing imagery. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote. Sens. 203, 166\u2013182 (2023)","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote. Sens."},{"key":"3849_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, Y., Liu, S., Chen, H., Cao, S., Zhang, H., Feng, D., Wan, Q., Zhu, J., Zhu, Q.: Localization, balance and affinity: a stronger multifaceted collaborative salient object detector in remote sensing images. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2024.3506630"},{"issue":"27","key":"3849_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42353","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-14962-5","volume":"82","author":"SD Khan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khan, S.D., Alarabi, L., Basalamah, S.: Segmentation of farmlands in aerial images by deep learning framework with feature fusion and context aggregation modules. Multimed. Tools Appl. 82(27), 42353\u201342372 (2023)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"3849_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, L., Zhang, C., Wu, M.: D-linknet: Linknet with pretrained encoder and dilated convolution for high resolution satellite imagery road extraction. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, pp. 182\u2013186 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2018.00034"},{"key":"3849_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, Y., Yang, J., Liang, C., Jing, Y.: Spd-linknet: Upgraded d-linknet with strip pooling for road extraction. In: 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS, pp. 2190\u20132193 (2021). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS47720.2021.9553044"},{"key":"3849_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"20","author":"Z Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, Z., Zhou, D., Yang, Y., Zhang, J., Chen, Z.: Road extraction from satellite imagery by road context and full-stage feature. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 20, 1\u20135 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"3849_CR18","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Seo, J., Jeon, T.: Nl-linknet: Toward lighter but more accurate road extraction with nonlocal operations. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 19, 1\u20135 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"issue":"11","key":"3849_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9362","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2019.2926397","volume":"57","author":"X Lu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu, X., Zhong, Y., Zheng, Z., Liu, Y., Zhao, J., Ma, A., Yang, J.: Multi-scale and multi-task deep learning framework for automatic road extraction. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 57(11), 9362\u20139377 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"3849_CR20","first-page":"1","volume":"60","author":"X Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu, X., Zhong, Y., Zheng, Z., Chen, D., Su, Y., Ma, A., Zhang, L.: Cascaded multi-task road extraction network for road surface, centerline, and edge extraction. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 60, 1\u201314 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"issue":"4","key":"3849_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2018.2870871","volume":"57","author":"Y Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Yao, J., Lu, X., Xia, M., Wang, X., Liu, Y.: Roadnet: Learning to comprehensively analyze road networks in complex urban scenes from high-resolution remotely sensed images. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 57(4), 2043\u20132056 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"issue":"3","key":"3849_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13030465","volume":"13","author":"S Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, S., Mu, X., Yang, D., He, H., Zhao, P.: Road extraction from remote sensing images using the inner convolution integrated encoder-decoder network and directional conditional random fields. Remote Sens. 13(3), 465 (2021)","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"3849_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, T., Chen, Z., Yang, W., Wang, Y.: Stacked u-nets with multi-output for road extraction. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, pp. 202\u2013206 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2018.00033"},{"key":"3849_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, Y.-Q., Gao, S.-H., Li, X.-Y., Cheng, M.-M., Ren, B.: Vecroad: Point-based iterative graph exploration for road graphs extraction. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 8910\u20138918 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00893"},{"key":"3849_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bastani, F., He, S., Abbar, S., Alizadeh, M., Balakrishnan, H., Chawla, S., Madden, S., DeWitt, D.: Roadtracer: Automatic extraction of road networks from aerial images. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 4720\u20134728 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00496"},{"key":"3849_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8540","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2021.3117076","volume":"30","author":"J Mei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mei, J., Li, R.-J., Gao, W., Cheng, M.-M.: Coanet: Connectivity attention network for road extraction from satellite imagery. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 30, 8540\u20138552 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"3849_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3992","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2022.3175594","volume":"15","author":"F Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao, F., Tu, J., Wang, J., Hussain, A., Zhou, H.: Roadseg-cd: A network with connectivity array and direction map for road extraction from sar images. IEEE J. Select. Topics Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. 15, 3992\u20134003 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Select. Topics Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens."},{"key":"3849_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2021.03.008","volume":"175","author":"X Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu, X., Zhong, Y., Zheng, Z., Zhang, L.: Gamsnet: Globally aware road detection network with multi-scale residual learning. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote. Sens. 175, 340\u2013352 (2021)","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote. Sens."},{"issue":"8","key":"3849_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4068","DOI":"10.3390\/app12084068","volume":"12","author":"S Qu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qu, S., Zhou, H., Zhang, B., Liang, S.: Mspnet: multi-scale strip pooling network for road extraction from remote sensing images. Appl. Sci. 12(8), 4068 (2022)","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"21","key":"3849_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5342","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14215342","volume":"14","author":"Y Jie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jie, Y., He, H., Xing, K., Yue, A., Tan, W., Yue, C., Jiang, C., Chen, X.: Meca-net: A multiscale feature encoding and long-range context-aware network for road extraction from remote sensing images. Remote Sens. 14(21), 5342 (2022)","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"issue":"1","key":"3849_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2346259","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2024.2346259","volume":"17","author":"J Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu, J., Zhang, J., Chen, H., Xie, Y., Gu, H., Lian, H.: A cross-view intelligent person search method based on multi-feature constraints. Int. J. Digital Earth 17(1), 2346259 (2024)","journal-title":"Int. J. Digital Earth"},{"key":"3849_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, L., Wang, X., Ke, Z., Zhang, W., Lau, R.W.: Biformer: Vision transformer with bi-level routing attention. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 10323\u201310333 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00995"},{"key":"3849_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Qin, Q., Yang, X., Wang, J., Ye, X., Qin, X.: Automated road extraction from multi-resolution images using spectral information and texture, pp. 533\u2013536 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2014.6946477"},{"key":"3849_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, X., Zhang, J., Liu, Z., Shen, J.: Semi-automatic extraction of ribbon roads from high resolution remotely sensed imagery by t-shaped template matching. In: Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Classification of Remote Sensing Images, vol. 7147, pp. 168\u2013175 (2008)","DOI":"10.1117\/12.813220"},{"issue":"5","key":"3849_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2015.2449296","volume":"9","author":"MO Sghaier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sghaier, M.O., Lepage, R.: Road extraction from very high resolution remote sensing optical images based on texture analysis and beamlet transform. IEEE J. Select. Topics Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. 9(5), 1946\u20131958 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Select. Topics Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens."},{"key":"3849_CR36","unstructured":"Park, S.-R.: Semi-automatic road extraction algorithm from ikonos images using template matching. In: Proc. 22nd Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, 2001 (2001)"},{"issue":"12","key":"3849_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.70.12.1365","volume":"70","author":"M Song","year":"2004","unstructured":"Song, M., Civco, D.: Road extraction using svm and image segmentation. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. 70(12), 1365\u20131371 (2004)","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"key":"3849_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.12677\/GST.2015.32005","volume":"3","author":"L Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li, L., Zhang, X.: A quickly automatic road extraction method for high-resolution remote sensing images. Geomatics Sci. Technol. 3, 27\u201333 (2015)","journal-title":"Geomatics Sci. Technol."},{"key":"3849_CR39","unstructured":"Mnih, V.: Machine learning for aerial image labeling. PhD thesis, Canada (2013)"},{"key":"3849_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong, Z., Li, J., Cui, W., Jiang, H.: Fully convolutional networks for building and road extraction: Preliminary results. In: 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), pp. 1591\u20131594 (2016). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2016.7729406"},{"issue":"5","key":"3849_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2017.2672734","volume":"14","author":"Y Wei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wei, Y., Wang, Z., Xu, M.: Road structure refined cnn for road extraction in aerial image. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 14(5), 709\u2013713 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"issue":"10","key":"3849_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2019.2953523","volume":"17","author":"X Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Ma, W., Li, C., Wu, J., Tang, X., Jiao, L.: Fully convolutional network-based ensemble method for road extraction from aerial images. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 17(10), 1777\u20131781 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"3849_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2021.03.016","volume":"175","author":"Q Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu, Q., Zhang, Y., Wang, L., Zhong, Y., Guan, Q., Lu, X., Zhang, L., Li, D.: A global context-aware and batch-independent network for road extraction from vhr satellite imagery. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote. Sens. 175, 353\u2013365 (2021)","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote. Sens."},{"issue":"3","key":"3849_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2020.2976551","volume":"18","author":"X Tan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tan, X., Xiao, Z., Wan, Q., Shao, W.: Scale sensitive neural network for road segmentation in high-resolution remote sensing images. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 18(3), 533\u2013537 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"3849_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11050552","volume":"11","author":"L Gao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gao, L., Song, W., Dai, J., Chen, Y.: Road extraction from high-resolution remote sensing imagery using refined deep residual convolutional neural network. Remote Sens. 11(5), 552 (2019)","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"3849_CR46","first-page":"1","volume":"60","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Peng, Y., Li, W., Alexandropoulos, G.C., Yu, J., Ge, D., Xiang, W.: Ddu-net: Dual-decoder-u-net for road extraction using high-resolution remote sensing images. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 60, 1\u201312 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"3849_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demir, I., Koperski, K., Lindenbaum, D., Pang, G., Huang, J., Basu, S., Hughes, F., Tuia, D., Raskar, R.: Deepglobe 2018: A challenge to parse the earth through satellite images. In: 2018 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), pp. 172\u201317209 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2018.00031"},{"issue":"9","key":"3849_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11091015","volume":"11","author":"H He","year":"2019","unstructured":"He, H., Yang, D., Wang, S., Wang, S., Li, Y.: Road extraction by using atrous spatial pyramid pooling integrated encoder-decoder network and structural similarity loss. Remote Sens. 11(9), 1015 (2019)","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"3849_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wulamu, A., Shi, Z., Zhang, D., He, Z.: Multiscale road extraction in remote sensing images. Computational intelligence and neuroscience 2019 (2019)","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2373798"},{"key":"3849_CR50","first-page":"1","volume":"61","author":"L Dai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dai, L., Zhang, G., Zhang, R.: Radanet: Road augmented deformable attention network for road extraction from complex high-resolution remote-sensing images. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 61, 1\u201313 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"issue":"2","key":"3849_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-022-07082-z","volume":"48","author":"SD Khan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khan, S.D., Alarabi, L., Basalamah, S.: Dsmsa-net: Deep spatial and multi-scale attention network for road extraction in high spatial resolution satellite images. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 48(2), 1907\u20131920 (2023)","journal-title":"Arab. J. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"3849_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An, F., Wang, J., Liu, R.: Road traffic sign recognition algorithm based on cascade attention-modulation fusion mechanism. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3439699"},{"issue":"1","key":"3849_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14375","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-65270-3","volume":"14","author":"Y Jia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jia, Y., Yu, W., Chen, G., Zhao, L.: Nighttime road scene image enhancement based on cycle-consistent generative adversarial network. Sci. Rep. 14(1), 14375 (2024)","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"3849_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, W., Gao, S., Zhang, C., Yang, B.: Roadct: A hybrid cnn-transformer network for road extraction from satellite imagery. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2024.3363128"},{"key":"3849_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng, Q., Zhou, D., Zhang, X., Yang, Z., Chen, Z.: Road extraction from remote sensing images via channel attention and multi-layer axial transformer. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2024.3379502"},{"key":"3849_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, L., Zhou, Y., Tian, J., Cai, W.: Ddctnet: A deformable and dynamic cross transformer network for road extraction from high resolution remote sensing images. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2024.3404044"},{"key":"3849_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2022.996513","volume":"10","author":"D Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, D., Zhu, T., Wang, S., Wang, S., Xiong, Z.: Lfrsnet: A robust light field semantic segmentation network combining contextual and geometric features. Front. Environ. Sci. 10, 996513 (2022)","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"3849_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10243","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2020.3034011","volume":"59","author":"L Ding","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ding, L., Bruzzone, L.: Diresnet: Direction-aware residual network for road extraction in vhr remote sensing images. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 59(12), 10243\u201310254 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"3849_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, H., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Jiang, D., Zhang, X., Tian, Q., Wang, M.: Swin-unet: Unet-like pure transformer for medical image segmentation. In: European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 205\u2013218 (2022). Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-25066-8_9"},{"key":"3849_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Cao, P., Wang, J., Zaiane, O.R.: Uctransnet: rethinking the skip connections in u-net from a channel-wise perspective with transformer. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 2441\u20132449 (2022)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v36i3.20144"},{"key":"3849_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, T., Di, Z., Che, P., Liu, C., Wang, Y.: Leveraging crowdsourced gps data for road extraction from aerial imagery. In: 2019 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 7501\u20137510 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00769"},{"key":"3849_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yi-de, M., Qing, L., Zhi-Bai, Q.: Automated image segmentation using improved pcnn model based on cross-entropy. In: Proceedings of 2004 International Symposium on Intelligent Multimedia, Video and Speech Processing, 2004., pp. 743\u2013746 (2004). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIMP.2004.1434171"},{"key":"3849_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milletari, F., Navab, N., Ahmadi, S.-A.: V-net: Fully convolutional neural networks for volumetric medical image segmentation. In: 2016 Fourth International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV), pp. 565\u2013571 (2016). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/3DV.2016.79"},{"key":"3849_CR64","unstructured":"Van\u00a0Etten, A., Lindenbaum, D., Bacastow, T.M.: Spacenet: A remote sensing dataset and challenge series. arXiv preprint arXiv:1807.01232 (2018)"},{"key":"3849_CR65","unstructured":"Loshchilov, I., Hutter, F.: Decoupled weight decay regularization. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (2017)"},{"key":"3849_CR66","unstructured":"Goyal, P., Doll\u00e1r, P., Girshick, R., Noordhuis, P., Wesolowski, L., Kyrola, A., Tulloch, A., Jia, Y., He, K.: Accurate, large minibatch sgd: Training imagenet in 1 hour. arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.02677 (2017)"},{"key":"3849_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong, Y., Li, L., Yuan, D., Wang, H., Ma, T., Wang, Z., Yang, Y.: Cfrnet: Road extraction in remote sensing images based on cascade fusion network. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2024.3409758"},{"key":"3849_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Bai, L., Xue, D., Momi, M.C., Ye, Z., Quan, S.: Frcfnet: Feature reassembly and context information fusion network for road extraction. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2024.3401728"},{"key":"3849_CR69","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"S-B Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, S.-B., Ji, Y.-X., Tang, J., Luo, B., Wang, W.-Q., Lv, K.: Dbranet: Road extraction by dual-branch encoder and regional attention decoder. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 19, 1\u20135 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"3849_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, T., Liu, Y., Zhou, B., Jiang, Y., Sun, J.: Unified perceptual parsing for scene understanding. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), pp. 418\u2013434 (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01228-1_26"}],"container-title":["The Visual Computer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-025-03849-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00371-025-03849-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-025-03849-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T07:08:18Z","timestamp":1757142498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00371-025-03849-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["3849"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-025-03849-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0178-2789","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 February 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}