{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T17:07:12Z","timestamp":1772644032391,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Young Backbone Teachers Program of Henan Province","award":["No.2023GGJS053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2023GGJS053"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Henan Province","award":["No.NSFRF220414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.NSFRF220414"]}]},{"name":"Excellent YoungTeachers Program of Henan Polytechnic University","award":["No.2019XQG- 02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2019XQG- 02"]}]},{"name":"Key Science and Technology Program of Henan Province","award":["No.252102210091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.252102210091"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No.62472145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.62472145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004761","name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 242300420284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 242300420284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vis Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-025-04249-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T14:03:43Z","timestamp":1765029823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhanced object detection in snowy scenes via adaptive restoration-assisted learning and large kernel refinement"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Beilei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shuobo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhanqiang","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4249_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.2293","volume":"35","author":"Z Xiao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiao, Z., Chen, Y., Zhou, X., He, M., Liu, L., Yu, F., Jiang, M.: Human action recognition in immersive virtual reality based on multi-scale spatio-temporal attention network. Comput. Anim. Virtual Worlds 35(5), 2293 (2024)","journal-title":"Comput. Anim. Virtual Worlds"},{"key":"4249_CR2","first-page":"1","volume":"60","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Yan, X., Bao, H., Chen, Y., Gong, L., Wei, M., Li, J.: Detecting occluded and dense trees in urban terrestrial views with a high-quality tree detection dataset. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 60, 1\u201312 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"4249_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18840","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2897283","volume":"7","author":"G Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, G., Guo, J., Chen, Y., Li, Y., Xu, Q.: A pso and bfo-based learning strategy applied to faster r-cnn for object detection in autonomous driving. IEEE Access 7, 18840\u201318859 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"8","key":"4249_CR4","first-page":"2623","volume":"43","author":"S-C Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang, S.-C., Le, T.-H., Jaw, D.-W.: Dsnet: joint semantic learning for object detection in inclement weather conditions. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 43(8), 2623\u20132633 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"4249_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, W.-T., Fang, H.-Y., Hsieh, C.-L., Tsai, C.-C., Chen, I., Ding, J.-J., Kuo, S.-Y., et al.: All snow removed: Single image desnowing algorithm using hierarchical dual-tree complex wavelet representation and contradict channel loss. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 4196\u20134205 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00416"},{"key":"4249_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, H., Tang, Y., He, J., Zhang, Z.: Amsfanet: attention-based multiscale small face aware restoration method. Visual Comput., pp. 1\u201313 (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-024-03302-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"4249_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-023-02771-8","volume":"40","author":"C Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, C., Hua, Z., Li, J.: Reference-based dual-task framework for motion deblurring. Vis. Comput. 40(1), 137\u2013151 (2024)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"key":"4249_CR8","unstructured":"weatherdetection: Snowy-weather Dataset. Roboflow. visited on 2025-07-08 (2023). https:\/\/universe.roboflow.com\/weatherdetection\/snowy-weather"},{"issue":"10","key":"4249_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10749","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2023.3285035","volume":"24","author":"Q Ding","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ding, Q., Li, P., Yan, X., Shi, D., Liang, L., Wang, W., Xie, H., Li, J., Wei, M.: Cf-yolo: cross fusion yolo for object detection in adverse weather with a high-quality real snow dataset. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 24(10), 10749\u201310759 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"4249_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1049\/cvi2.12274","volume":"18","author":"J Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, J., Xu, M., Xue, H., Huo, Z., Luo, F.: Joint image restoration for object detection in snowy weather. IET Comput. Vision 18(6), 759\u2013771 (2024)","journal-title":"IET Comput. Vision"},{"key":"4249_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girshick, R., Donahue, J., Darrell, T., Malik, J.: Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 580\u2013587 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.81"},{"key":"4249_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girshick, R.: Fast r-cnn. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 1440\u20131448 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.169"},{"key":"4249_CR13","unstructured":"Ren, S., He, K., Girshick, R., Sun, J.: Faster r-cnn: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. Advances in neural information processing systems 28 (2015)"},{"key":"4249_CR14","unstructured":"Yaseen, M.: What is YOLOv8: An In-Depth Exploration of the Internal Features of the Next-Generation Object Detector (2024). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2408.15857"},{"key":"4249_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C.-Y., Bochkovskiy, A., Liao, H.-Y.M.: Yolov7: trainable bag-of-freebies sets new state-of-the-art for real-time object detectors. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 7464\u20137475 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00721"},{"key":"4249_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C.-Y., Yeh, I.-H., Mark\u00a0Liao, H.-Y.: Yolov9: Learning what you want to learn using programmable gradient information. In: European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 1\u201321 (2024). Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72751-1_1"},{"key":"4249_CR17","unstructured":"Wang, A., Chen, H., Liu, L., Chen, K., Lin, Z., Han, J., Ding, G.: Yolov10: real-time end-to-end object detection (2024). arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.14458"},{"key":"4249_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, W., Anguelov, D., Erhan, D., Szegedy, C., Reed, S., Fu, C.-Y., Berg, A.C.: Ssd: single shot multibox detector. In: Computer Vision\u2013ECCV 2016: 14th European Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, October 11\u201314, 2016, Proceedings, Part I 14, pp. 21\u201337 (2016). Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46448-0_2"},{"key":"4249_CR19","unstructured":"Zhou, X., Wang, D., Kr\u00e4henb\u00fchl, P.: Objects as points (2019). arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.07850"},{"key":"4249_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carion, N., Massa, F., Synnaeve, G., Usunier, N., Kirillov, A., Zagoruyko, S.: End-to-end object detection with transformers. In: European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 213\u2013229 (2020). Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58452-8_13"},{"key":"4249_CR21","unstructured":"Zhu, X., Su, W., Lu, L., Li, B., Wang, X., Dai, J.: Deformable detr: deformable transformers for end-to-end object detection (2020). arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.04159"},{"key":"4249_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, F., Zhang, H., Liu, S., Guo, J., Ni, L.M., Zhang, L.: Dn-detr: accelerate detr training by introducing query denoising. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 13619\u201313627 (2022)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01325"},{"key":"4249_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Lv, W., Xu, S., Wei, J., Wang, G., Dang, Q., Liu, Y., Chen, J.: Detrs beat yolos on real-time object detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 16965\u201316974 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01605"},{"key":"4249_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, S., Zeng, Z., Ren, T., Li, F., Zhang, H., Yang, J., Jiang, Q., Li, C., Yang, J., Su, H., et al: Grounding dino: marrying dino with grounded pre-training for open-set object detection. In: European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 38\u201355 (2024). Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72970-6_3"},{"issue":"10","key":"4249_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7719","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2022.3146004","volume":"34","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou, Y., Chen, Z., Li, P., Song, H., Chen, C.P., Sheng, B.: Fsad-net: feedback spatial attention dehazing network. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. 34(10), 7719\u20137733 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"4249_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2022.06.002","volume":"5","author":"K Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin, K., Zhang, S., Luo, Y., Ling, J.: Unrolling a rain-guided detail recovery network for singleimage deraining. Virtual Reality Intell. Hardware 5(1), 11\u201323 (2023)","journal-title":"Virtual Reality Intell. Hardware"},{"key":"4249_CR27","unstructured":"Chen, S., Ye, T., Liu, Y., Chen, E.: Snowformer: context interaction transformer with scale-awareness for single image desnowing (2022). arXiv preprint arXiv:2208.09703"},{"key":"4249_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, W., Ren, G., Yu, R., Guo, S., Zhu, J., Zhang, L.: Image-adaptive yolo for object detection in adverse weather conditions. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 36, pp. 1792\u20131800 (2022)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v36i2.20072"},{"key":"4249_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Yan, X., Zhang, K., Gong, L., Xie, H., Wang, F.L., Wei, M.: Togethernet: bridging image restoration and object detection together via dynamic enhancement learning. In: Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 41, pp. 465\u2013476 (2022). Wiley Online Library","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.14692"},{"key":"4249_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Liu, X., Yang, H., Wang, Z., Wen, X., He, X., Qing, L., Chen, H.: Degradation modeling for restoration-enhanced object detection in adverse weather scenes. IEEE Trans. Intell. Veh. (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2024.3442924"},{"key":"4249_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, T., Jeong, M., Kim, S., Choi, S., Kim, C.: Diversify and match: a domain adaptive representation learning paradigm for object detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 12456\u201312465 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.01274"},{"key":"4249_CR32","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Tuo, H., Hu, J., Jing, Z.: Domain adaptive yolo for one-stage cross-domain detection. In: Asian Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 785\u2013797 (2021). PMLR"},{"key":"4249_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Z., Wei, S., Chen, Q., Li, D., Yang, Y., Peng, Y., Liu, Y.: Masked retraining teacher-student framework for domain adaptive object detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 19039\u201319049 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.01745"},{"issue":"3","key":"4249_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2022.3166765","volume":"46","author":"H Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Xiao, L., Cao, X., Foroosh, H.: Multiple adverse weather conditions adaptation for object detection via causal intervention. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 46(3), 1742\u20131756 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"4249_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7419","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2021.3104166","volume":"30","author":"K Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, K., Li, R., Yu, Y., Luo, W., Li, C.: Deep dense multi-scale network for snow removal using semantic and depth priors. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 30, 7419\u20137431 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"6","key":"4249_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3064","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2806202","volume":"27","author":"Y-F Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, Y.-F., Jaw, D.-W., Huang, S.-C., Hwang, J.-N.: Desnownet: context-aware deep network for snow removal. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 27(6), 3064\u20133073 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"4249_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, X., Lai, Q., Wang, Y., Wang, W., Sun, Z., Yao, Y.: Poly kernel inception network for remote sensing detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 27706\u201327716 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.02617"},{"key":"4249_CR38","first-page":"1140","volume":"35","author":"M-H Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo, M.-H., Lu, C.-Z., Hou, Q., Liu, Z., Cheng, M.-M., Hu, S.-M.: Segnext: rethinking convolutional attention design for semantic segmentation. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 35, 1140\u20131156 (2022)","journal-title":"Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"4249_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, K., Hu, T., Dai, K., Chen, G., Cao, Y., Dong, W., Wu, P., Zhang, Y., Yan, Q.: Crnet: a detail-preserving network for unified image restoration and enhancement task. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 6086\u20136096 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW63382.2024.00615"},{"key":"4249_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, Y., Tao, Y., Bing, Z., Ren, W., Gao, X., Cao, X., Huang, K., Knoll, A.: Selective frequency network for image restoration. In: The Eleventh International Conference on Learning Representations (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.01195"},{"key":"4249_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, T., Wen, Y., Zhang, K., Cheng, P., Chen, T.: Towards an effective and efficient transformer for rain-by-snow weather removal (2023). arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.02860","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4458244"},{"key":"4249_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-009-0275-4","volume":"88","author":"M Everingham","year":"2010","unstructured":"Everingham, M., Van Gool, L., Williams, C.K., Winn, J., Zisserman, A.: The pascal visual object classes (voc) challenge. Int. J. Comput. Vision 88, 303\u2013338 (2010)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vision"},{"key":"4249_CR43","unstructured":"Kenk, M.A., Hassaballah, M.: Dawn: vehicle detection in adverse weather nature dataset (2020). arXiv preprint arXiv:2008.05402"}],"container-title":["The Visual Computer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-025-04249-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00371-025-04249-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-025-04249-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T13:03:55Z","timestamp":1772629435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00371-025-04249-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["4249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-025-04249-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0178-2789","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"17"}}