{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T17:36:43Z","timestamp":1772645803396,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province of China","award":["Nos. 232102211013 and 222102210197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nos. 232102211013 and 222102210197"]}]},{"name":"Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province of China","award":["Nos. 232102211013 and 222102210197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nos. 232102211013 and 222102210197"]}]},{"name":"Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province of China","award":["Nos. 232102211013 and 222102210197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nos. 232102211013 and 222102210197"]}]},{"name":"Key Research Projects of Colleges in Henan Province","award":["No.24A520002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.24A520002"]}]},{"name":"Key Research Projects of Colleges in Henan Province","award":["No.24A520002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.24A520002"]}]},{"name":"Key Research Projects of Colleges in Henan Province","award":["No.24A520002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.24A520002"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020771","name":"Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 62006070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 62006070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020771","name":"Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 62006070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 62006070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vis Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-025-04286-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T18:36:57Z","timestamp":1765564617000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhanced kinship verification via context-aware multi-scale transformer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Xiaoke","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Boyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaopan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fumin","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Caihong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiao-Yuan","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4286_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.70","volume":"35","author":"J Lu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lu, J., Tan, Y.-P., Wang, G.: Discriminative multimanifold analysis for face recognition from a single training sample per person. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 35(1), 39\u201351 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"4286_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J.-C., Patel, V.M., Chellappa, R.: Unconstrained face verification using deep CNN features. In: IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), pp. 1\u20139 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2016.7477557"},{"key":"4286_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schroff, F., Kalenichenko, D., Philbin, J.: FaceNet: a unified embedding for face recognition and clustering. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 815\u2013823 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298682"},{"issue":"6","key":"4286_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-022-01605-9","volume":"130","author":"X Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu, X., Feng, X., Cao, X., Xu, X., Hu, D., L\u00f3pez, M.B., Liu, L.: Facial kinship verification: a comprehensive review and outlook. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 130(6), 1494\u20131525 (2022)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"issue":"8","key":"4286_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2012.2187468","volume":"61","author":"G Guo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guo, G., Wang, X.: Kinship measurement on salient facial features. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 61(8), 2322\u20132325 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"issue":"7","key":"4286_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2014.2342658","volume":"16","author":"Z Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu, Z., Zhang, Y., Cao, L.: Social image analysis from a non-IID perspective. IEEE Trans. Multimedia 16(7), 1986\u20131998 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimedia"},{"key":"4286_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.09.089","volume":"377","author":"X Qin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qin, X., Liu, D., Wang, D.: A literature survey on kinship verification through facial images. Neurocomputing 377, 213\u2013224 (2020)","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"4286_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2022.03.010","volume":"133","author":"J Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, J., Zhang, X.: Truthful resource trading for dependent task offloading in heterogeneous edge computing. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 133, 228\u2013239 (2022)","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"4286_CR9","unstructured":"Luo, W., Li, Y., Urtasun, R., Zemel, R.: Understanding the effective receptive field in deep convolutional neural networks. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. 29 (2016)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4286_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.2203","volume":"35","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Huang, E., Zhou, Z., Wang, K., Liu, S.: 3D facial attractiveness prediction based on deep feature fusion. Comput. Anim. Virtual Worlds 35(1), 2203 (2024)","journal-title":"Comput. Anim. Virtual Worlds"},{"key":"4286_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Girshick, R., Gupta, A., He, K.: Non-local neural networks. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 7794\u20137803 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00813"},{"issue":"2","key":"4286_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2022.3181810","volume":"54","author":"Z Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Chai, Y., Sun, C., Rui, X., Mi, H., Zhang, X., Philip, S.Y.: A weighted symmetric graph embedding approach for link prediction in undirected graphs. IEEE Trans. Cybern. 54(2), 1037\u20131047 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cybern."},{"issue":"8","key":"4286_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4499","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3116209","volume":"34","author":"Z Xie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xie, Z., Zhang, W., Sheng, B., Li, P., Chen, C.P.: BaGFN: broad attentive graph fusion network for high-order feature interactions. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. 34(8), 4499\u20134513 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst."},{"key":"4286_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2024.04.034","volume":"158","author":"J Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, J., Mi, Y., Zhang, X., Li, X.: Task graph offloading via deep reinforcement learning in mobile edge computing. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 158, 545\u2013555 (2024)","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"4286_CR15","unstructured":"Dosovitskiy, A., Beyer, L., Kolesnikov, A., Weissenborn, D., Zhai, X., Unterthiner, T., Dehghani, M., Minderer, M., Heigold, G., Gelly, S., et al.: An image is worth $$16\\times 16$$ words: transformers for image recognition at scale. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)), pp. 1\u201321 (2021)"},{"key":"4286_CR16","unstructured":"Zhong, Y., et al.: Face Transformer for Recognition (2021). arXiv:2103.14803"},{"key":"4286_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2024.112827","volume":"309","author":"S Chowdhury","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chowdhury, S., Soni, B.: R-VQA: a robust visual question answering model. Knowl. Based Syst. 309, 112827 (2025)","journal-title":"Knowl. Based Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"4286_CR18","first-page":"323","volume":"6","author":"X Senhua","year":"2024","unstructured":"Senhua, X., Liqing, G., Liang, W., Wei, F.: Multi-scale context-aware network for continuous sign language recognition. Vir. Real. Intell. Hardw. 6(4), 323\u2013337 (2024)","journal-title":"Vir. Real. Intell. Hardw."},{"key":"4286_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2022.3144890","volume":"25","author":"N Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang, N., Sheng, B., Li, P., Lee, T.-Y.: PhotoHelper: portrait photographing guidance via deep feature retrieval and fusion. IEEE Trans. Multimedia 25, 2226\u20132238 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimedia"},{"issue":"1","key":"4286_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.2201","volume":"35","author":"X Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu, X., Yao, X., Zhang, J., Zhu, M., You, L., Yang, X., Zhang, J., Zhao, H., Zeng, D.: TMSDNet: transformer with multi-scale dense network for single and multi-view 3D reconstruction. Comput. Anim. Virtual Worlds 35(1), 2201 (2024)","journal-title":"Comput. Anim. Virtual Worlds"},{"issue":"3","key":"4286_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-024-03493-1","volume":"41","author":"MC Mzoughi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mzoughi, M.C., Aoun, N.B., Naouali, S.: A review on kinship verification from facial information. Vis. Comput. 41(3), 1789\u20131809 (2025)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"key":"4286_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.124815","volume":"255","author":"H Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, H., Zhao, X., Wang, M., Song, H., Sun, F.: OR2Net: online re-weighting relation network for kinship verification. Expert Syst. Appl. 255, 124815 (2024)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"4286_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang, R., Tang, K.D., Snavely, N., Chen, T.: Towards computational models of kinship verification. In: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 1577\u20131580 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2010.5652590"},{"issue":"4","key":"4286_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.101","volume":"2","author":"H Abdi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abdi, H., Williams, L.J.: Principal component analysis. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Comput. Stat. 2(4), 433\u2013459 (2010)","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Comput. Stat."},{"key":"4286_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohli, N., Singh, R., Vatsa, M.: Self-similarity representation of weber faces for kinship classification. In: IEEE Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), pp. 245\u2013250 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2012.6374584"},{"key":"4286_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aliradi, R., Belkhir, A., Ouamane, A., Elmaghraby, A.S.: DIEDA: discriminative information based on exponential discriminant analysis combined with local features representation for face and kinship verification. Multimedia Tools Appl. 1\u201318 (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-5572-2"},{"key":"4286_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-013-0884-3","volume":"30","author":"TF Vieira","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vieira, T.F., Bottino, A., Laurentini, A., De Simone, M.: Detecting siblings in image pairs. Vis. Comput. 30, 1333\u20131345 (2014)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"issue":"7","key":"4286_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9335","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-6517-0","volume":"78","author":"A Moujahid","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moujahid, A., Dornaika, F.: A pyramid multi-level face descriptor: application to kinship verification. Multimedia Tools Appl. 78(7), 9335\u20139354 (2019)","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."},{"issue":"7","key":"4286_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2014.2327757","volume":"9","author":"H Yan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yan, H., Lu, J., Deng, W., Zhou, X.: Discriminative multimetric learning for kinship verification. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 9(7), 1169\u20131178 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"4286_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4197","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2021.3098165","volume":"16","author":"G-N Dong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dong, G.-N., Pun, C.-M., Zhang, Z.: Deep collaborative multi-modal learning for unsupervised kinship estimation. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 16, 4197\u20134210 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"4286_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, K., Huang, Y., Song, C., Wu, H., Wang, L.: Kinship verification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC), pp. 148\u2013114812 (2015)","DOI":"10.5244\/C.29.148"},{"key":"4286_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L., Feng, X., Wu, X., Xia, Z., Hadid, A.: Kinship verification from faces via similarity metric based convolutional neural network. In: International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition (ICIAR), pp. 539\u2013548 (2016)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-41501-7_60"},{"issue":"1s","key":"4286_CR33","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"X Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu, X., Li, C., Chen, X., Zhang, X., Jing, X.-Y.: Distance and direction based deep discriminant metric learning for kinship verification. ACM Trans. Multimed. Comput. Commun. Appl. 19(1s), 1\u201319 (2023)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Multimed. Comput. Commun. Appl."},{"issue":"10","key":"4286_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6173","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2022.3163707","volume":"53","author":"S Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang, S., Lin, J., Huangfu, L., Xing, Y., Hu, J., Zeng, D.D.: Adaptively weighted k-tuple metric network for kinship verification. IEEE Trans. Cybern. 53(10), 6173\u20136186 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cybern."},{"key":"4286_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.08.023","volume":"128","author":"H Yan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yan, H., Wang, S.: Learning part-aware attention networks for kinship verification. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 128, 169\u2013175 (2019)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"key":"4286_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2020.107541","volume":"110","author":"H Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan, H., Song, C.: Multi-scale deep relational reasoning for facial kinship verification. Pattern Recognit. 110, 107541 (2021)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"4286_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7391","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2021.3104192","volume":"30","author":"G-N Dong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dong, G.-N., Pun, C.-M., Zhang, Z.: Kinship verification based on cross-generation feature interaction learning. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 30, 7391\u20137403 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"4286_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, W., Chen, M.-H., Wang, C.-Y., Lai, S.-H., Chen, T.P.-C.: Kinship representation learning with face componential relation. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), pp. 3105\u20133114 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW60793.2023.00335"},{"key":"4286_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, C., Liu, Y.: Kinship verification based on multi-scale feature fusion. Multimedia Tools Appl. 1\u201322 (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-024-18879-5"},{"issue":"8","key":"4286_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10479","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-023-07661-8","volume":"48","author":"S Chowdhury","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chowdhury, S., Soni, B.: QSFVQA: a time efficient, scalable and optimized VQA framework. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 48(8), 10479\u201310491 (2023)","journal-title":"Arab. J. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"6","key":"4286_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70010","DOI":"10.1111\/coin.70010","volume":"40","author":"S Chowdhury","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chowdhury, S., Soni, B.: Beyond Words: ESC-Net revolutionizes VQA by elevating visual features and defying language priors. Comput. Intell. 40(6), 70010 (2024)","journal-title":"Comput. Intell."},{"key":"4286_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2024.109948","volume":"142","author":"S Chowdhury","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chowdhury, S., Soni, B.: ENVQA: improving visual question answering model by enriching the visual feature. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 142, 109948 (2025)","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"4286_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2025.129906","volume":"635","author":"S Chowdhury","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chowdhury, S., Soni, B.: Handling language prior and compositional reasoning issues in visual question answering system. Neurocomputing 635, 129906 (2025)","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"4286_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robinson, J.P., Shao, M., Wu, Y., Fu, Y.: Families in the wild (FIW): large-scale kinship image database and benchmarks. In: Proceedings of the 24th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 242\u2013246 (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2964284.2967219"},{"issue":"2","key":"4286_CR45","first-page":"331","volume":"36","author":"J Lu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lu, J., Zhou, X., Tan, Y.-P., Shang, Y., Zhou, J.: Neighborhood repulsed metric learning for kinship verification. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 36(2), 331\u2013345 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"4286_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, Y., Zhang, L., Hu, Y., He, X., Gao, J.: MS-Celeb-1M: a dataset and benchmark for large-scale face recognition. In: European Conference on Computer Vision(ECCV), pp. 87\u2013102 (2016)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46487-9_6"},{"key":"4286_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3318957","volume":"19","author":"M Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu, M., Zhang, X., Zhou, X.: Confidence-calibrated face and kinship verification. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 19, 372\u2013384 (2024)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"4286_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shadrikov, A.: Achieving better kinship recognition through better baseline. In: IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG), pp. 872\u2013876 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/FG47880.2020.00137"},{"key":"4286_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, Z., Zhang, Z., Xu, Z., Che, L.: Challenge report recognizing families in the wild data challenge. In: IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG), pp. 868\u2013871 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/FG47880.2020.00117"},{"key":"4286_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, J., Strome, M.B., Jenkins, I., Williams, P., Feng, B., Wang, Y., Wang, R., Bagri, V., Cheng, N., Drori, I.: Solving the families in the wild kinship verification challenge by program synthesis. In: IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG), pp. 1\u20135 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/FG52635.2021.9666971"},{"key":"4286_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, J., Li, M., Hao, X., Xie, G.: Deep fusion SIAMESE network for automatic kinship verification. In: 2020 15th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG 2020), pp. 892\u2013899 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/FG47880.2020.00127"},{"key":"4286_CR52","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Min, X., Zhou, X., Guo, G.: Supervised contrastive learning for facial kinship recognition. In: IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG), pp. 1\u20135 (2021)"},{"key":"4286_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2025.04.002","volume":"193","author":"S Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun, S., Yang, Y., Yan, H.: Kinship verification via frequency feature decoupling and fusion. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 193, 1\u20137 (2025)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"key":"4286_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2016.08.009","volume":"60","author":"H Yan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yan, H.: Kinship verification using neighborhood repulsed correlation metric learning. Image Vis. Comput. 60, 91\u201397 (2017)","journal-title":"Image Vis. Comput."},{"key":"4286_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2020.06.019","volume":"138","author":"S Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, S., Yan, H.: Discriminative sampling via deep reinforcement learning for kinship verification. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 138, 38\u201343 (2020)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"issue":"12","key":"4286_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5883","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2019.2959403","volume":"51","author":"L Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Duan, Q., Zhang, D., Jia, W., Wang, X.: AdvKin: adversarial convolutional network for kinship verification. IEEE Trans. Cybern. 51(12), 5883\u20135896 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cybern."},{"key":"4286_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, W., Wang, S., Lu, J., Feng, J., Zhou, J.: Meta-mining discriminative samples for kinship verification. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 16135\u201316144 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01587"},{"key":"4286_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.image.2021.116543","volume":"101","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, X., Li, C., Zhu, X., Zheng, L., Chen, Y., Zheng, S., Yuan, C.: Deep discriminant generation-shared feature learning for image-based kinship verification. Signal Process. Image Commun. 101, 116543 (2022)","journal-title":"Signal Process. Image Commun."},{"key":"4286_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2023.104727","volume":"136","author":"M Oruganti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oruganti, M., Meenpal, T., Majumder, S.: Easy pair selection method for kinship verification using fixed age group images. Image Vis. Comput. 136, 104727 (2023)","journal-title":"Image Vis. Comput."},{"key":"4286_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2023.109742","volume":"143","author":"A Goyal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goyal, A., Meenpal, T.: Kinship verification using multi-level dictionary pair learning for multiple resolution images. Pattern Recognit. 143, 109742 (2023)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"issue":"10","key":"4286_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29689","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-16694-y","volume":"83","author":"M Oruganti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oruganti, M., Meenpal, T., Majumder, S.: Stationary wavelet transform features for kinship verification in childhood images. Multimedia Tools Appl. 83(10), 29689\u201329714 (2024)","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."},{"key":"4286_CR62","unstructured":"Nazari, A., Moghaddam, M.E., Borzoei, O.: Kinship verification through a forest neural network. arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.18910 (2025)"},{"key":"4286_CR63","unstructured":"Peng, J.L., Chang, K.W., Lai, S.-H.: KFC: kinship verification with fair contrastive loss and multi-task learning. In: BMVC (2023)"},{"issue":"4","key":"4286_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2012.2187436","volume":"14","author":"S Xia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xia, S., Shao, M., Luo, J., Fu, Y.: Understanding kin relationships in a photo. IEEE Trans. Multimedia 14(4), 1046\u20131056 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimedia"},{"key":"4286_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang, R., Gallagher, A.C., Chen, T., Loui, A.: Kinship classification by modeling facial feature heredity. In: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, pp. 2983\u20132987. IEEE (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2013.6738614"}],"container-title":["The Visual Computer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-025-04286-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00371-025-04286-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-025-04286-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T14:03:26Z","timestamp":1772633006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00371-025-04286-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["4286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-025-04286-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0178-2789","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no Conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"53"}}