{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:15:16Z","timestamp":1788434116561,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Caiyun Postdoctoral Innovation Program of Yunnan Province"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62366056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62366056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Statistical Modeling and Data Analysis, Yunnan University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vis Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-026-04658-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T07:02:41Z","timestamp":1785135761000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CrossMamba: Transformer-Mamba fusion for document shadow removal"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Hongzhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanzhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leran","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fubao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"4658_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bako, S., Darabi, S., Shechtman, E., Wang, J., Sunkavalli, K., Sen, P.: Removing shadows from images of documents, pp. 173\u2013183. ACCV (2016)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-54187-7_12"},{"key":"4658_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burt, P.J., Adelson, E.H.: The Laplacian pyramid as a compact image code. In: Readings in computer vision, pp. 671\u2013679. (1987)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-051581-6.50065-9"},{"issue":"2","key":"4658_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.577058","volume":"43","author":"ME Celebi","year":"2026","unstructured":"Celebi, M.E., P\u00e9rez-Delgado, M.L.: Median cut color quantization algorithm: retrospective. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 43(2), 403\u2013412 (2026)","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"key":"4658_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, W., Lei, Y., Luo, S., Zhou, Z., Li, M., Pun, C.M.: Shadocformer: a shadow-attentive threshold detector with cascaded fusion refiner for document shadow removal. In: IJCNN, pp. 1\u20138. (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN60899.2024.10651298"},{"key":"4658_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, X., Cun, X., Pun, C.M., Wang, S.: Shadocnet: learning spatial-aware tokens in transformer for document shadow removal. In: ICASSP, pp. 1\u20135. (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP49357.2023.10095403"},{"key":"4658_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cun, X., Pun, C.M., Shi, C.: Towards ghost-free shadow removal via dual hierarchical aggregation network and shadow matting GAN, vol. 34, pp. 10680\u201310687. AAAI (2020)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i07.6695"},{"issue":"10","key":"4658_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-020-01916-3","volume":"36","author":"X Fan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fan, X., Wu, W., Zhang, L., Yan, Q., Fu, G., Chen, Z., Long, C., Xiao, C.: Shading-aware shadow detection and removal from a single image. Vis. Comput. 36(10), 2175\u20132188 (2020)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"key":"4658_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, C., Li, C., Guo, J., Loy, C.C., Hou, J., Kwong, S., Cong, R.: Zero-reference deep curve estimation for low-light image enhancement. In: CVPR, pp. 1780\u20131789 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00185"},{"key":"4658_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, H., Li, J., Dai, T., Ouyang, Z., Ren, X., Xia, S.T.: Mambair: a simple baseline for image restoration with state-space model, pp. 203\u2013220. ECCV (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72649-1_13"},{"issue":"4","key":"4658_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.47738\/jads.v4i4.114","volume":"4","author":"A Gupta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gupta, A., Kochchar, S.K., Joshi, A.: Image classifier based on histogram matching and outlier detection using Hellinger distance. J. Appl. Data Sci. 4(4), 407\u2013413 (2023)","journal-title":"J. Appl. Data Sci."},{"key":"4658_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25767","DOI":"10.52202\/068431-1868","volume":"35","author":"M Hou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hou, M., Sato, I.: A closer look at prototype classifier for few-shot image classification. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 35, 25767\u201325778 (2022)","journal-title":"Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"4658_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, X., Jiang, Y., Fu, C.W., Heng, P.A.: Mask-ShadowGAN: learning to remove shadows from unpaired data. In: ICCV, pp. 2472\u20132481 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00256"},{"key":"4658_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hua, B.S., Tran, M.K., Yeung, S.K.: Pointwise convolutional neural networks. In: CVPR, pp. 984\u2013993 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00109"},{"key":"4658_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, T., Pei, X., You, S., Wang, F., Qian, C., Xu, C.: Localmamba: visual state space model with windowed selective scan, pp. 12\u201322. ECCV (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-91979-4_2"},{"issue":"3","key":"4658_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s10043-023-00806-y","volume":"30","author":"S Imahayashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Imahayashi, S., Mukaida, M., Takeda, S., Suetake, N.: Shadow removal from document image based on background estimation employing selective median filter and black-top-hat transform. Opt. Rev. 30(3), 336\u2013340 (2023)","journal-title":"Opt. Rev."},{"key":"4658_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, Y., Sharma, A., Tan, R.T.: DC-ShadowNet: single-image hard and soft shadow removal using unsupervised domain-classifier guided network. In: ICCV, pp. 5027\u20135036 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00498"},{"key":"4658_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung, S., Hasan, M.A., Kim, C.: Water-filling: an efficient algorithm for digitized document shadow removal, pp. 398\u2013414. ACCV (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-20887-5_25"},{"issue":"3","key":"4658_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2015.2462355","volume":"38","author":"SH Khan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khan, S.H., Bennamoun, M., Sohel, F., Togneri, R.: Automatic shadow detection and removal from a single image. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 38(3), 431\u2013446 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"4658_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kligler, N., Katz, S., Tal, A.: Document enhancement using visibility detection, pp. 2374\u20132382. CVPR (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00252"},{"key":"4658_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le, H., Samaras, D.: From shadow segmentation to shadow removal, pp. 264\u2013281. ECCV (2020)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58621-8_16"},{"key":"4658_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Z., Chen, X., Pun, C.M., Cun, X.: High-resolution document shadow removal via a large-scale real-world dataset and a frequency-aware shadow erasing net, pp. 12415\u201312424. ICCV (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.01144"},{"key":"4658_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, J., Zeng, H., Zhang, L.: High-resolution photorealistic image translation in real-time: a Laplacian pyramid translation network, pp. 9392\u20139400. CVPR (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00927"},{"key":"4658_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Y.H., Chen, W.C., Chuang, Y.Y.: Bedsr-net: a deep shadow removal network from a single document image. In: ICCV, pp. 12905\u201312914 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01292"},{"key":"4658_CR24","unstructured":"Liu, R., Lehman, J., Molino, P., Such, F.P., Frank, E., Sergeev, A., Yosinski, J.: An intriguing failing of convolutional neural networks and the CoordConv solution. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 31, (2018)"},{"key":"4658_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, W., Wang, B., Zheng, J., Wang, W.: Shadow removal of text document images using background estimation and adaptive text enhancement. In: ICASSP, pp. 1\u20135 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP49357.2023.10096115"},{"key":"4658_CR26","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Huang, J., Liu, N., Yan, M., Huang, Y., Chen, S.: Leveraging contrast information for efficient document shadow removal. Preprint arXiv:2504.00385 (2025)"},{"key":"4658_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.3048677","volume":"30","author":"Z Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Yin, H., Mi, Y., Pu, M., Wang, S.: Shadow removal by a lightness-guided network with training on unpaired data. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 30, 1853\u20131865 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"4658_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mondal, P., Bal, A.: A statistical approach for multi-frame shadow movement detection and shadow removal for document capture, pp. 508\u2013512. EUSIPCO (2022)","DOI":"10.23919\/EUSIPCO55093.2022.9909975"},{"issue":"1","key":"4658_CR29","first-page":"95","volume":"13","author":"S Murali","year":"2013","unstructured":"Murali, S., Govindan, V.K.: Shadow detection and removal from a single image using lab color space. Cybern. Inf. Technol. 13(1), 95\u2013103 (2013)","journal-title":"Cybern. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"4658_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qu, L., Tian, J., He, S., Tang, Y., Lau, R.W.: DeshadowNet: a multi-context embedding deep network for shadow removal, pp. 4067\u20134075. CVPR (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.248"},{"key":"4658_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ravindran, A., Arudselvam, U., Thayasivam, U.: Shadow removal for documents with reflective textured surface. In: MERCon, pp. 1\u20136 (2022)","DOI":"10.1109\/MERCon55799.2022.9906227"},{"key":"4658_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah, V., Gandhi, V.: An iterative approach for shadow removal in document images, pp. 1892\u20131896. ICASSP (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2018.8462476"},{"issue":"11","key":"4658_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2646371","volume":"39","author":"B Shi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shi, B., Bai, X., Yao, C.: An end-to-end trainable neural network for image-based sequence recognition and its application to scene text recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 39(11), 2298\u20132304 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"4658_CR34","unstructured":"Sun, S., Ren, W., Zhou, J., Gan, J., Wang, R., Cao, X.: A hybrid transformer-mamba network for single image deraining, (2024). Preprint arXiv:2409.00410"},{"key":"4658_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, B., Chen, C.P.: An effective background estimation method for shadows removal of document images. In: ICIP, pp. 3611\u20133615 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2019.8803486"},{"issue":"23","key":"4658_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6929","DOI":"10.3390\/s20236929","volume":"20","author":"B Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, B., Chen, C.P.: Local water-filling algorithm for shadow detection and removal of document images. Sensors 20(23), 6929 (2020)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"4658_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Li, X., Yang, J.: Stacked conditional generative adversarial networks for jointly learning shadow detection and shadow removal, pp. 1788\u20131797. CVPR (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00192"},{"key":"4658_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, T., Zhang, K., Shen, T., Luo, W., Stenger, B., Lu, T.: Ultra-high-definition low-light image enhancement: a benchmark and transformer-based method, vol. 37, pp. 2654\u20132662. AAAI (2023)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v37i3.25364"},{"issue":"4","key":"4658_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.819861","volume":"13","author":"Z Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Bovik, A.C., Sheikh, H.R., Simoncelli, E.P.: Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 13(4), 600\u2013612 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"7","key":"4658_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12250","volume":"32","author":"C Xiao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xiao, C., Xiao, D., Zhang, L., Chen, L.: Efficient shadow removal using subregion matching illumination transfer. Comput. Graphics Forum 32(7), 421\u2013430 (2013)","journal-title":"Comput. Graphics Forum"},{"key":"4658_CR41","unstructured":"Xiao, J., Fu, X., Zhu, Y., Li, D., Huang, J., Zhu, K., Zha, Z.J.: HomoFormer: Homogenized transformer for image shadow removal. In: CVPR, pp. 25,617\u201325,626 (2024)"},{"key":"4658_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, J., Li, Z., Zheng, Y., Huang, C., Gu, R., Xu, W., Xu, G.: OmniSR: Shadow removal under direct and indirect lighting. In: AAAI, vol.\u00a039, pp. 8887\u20138895 (2025)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v39i8.32961"},{"key":"4658_CR43","unstructured":"Yu, F., Koltun, V.: Multi-scale context aggregation by dilated convolutions, pp. ICLR (2015)"},{"key":"4658_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Peng, D., Liu, C., Zhang, P., Jin, L.: DocRes: A generalist model toward unifying document image restoration tasks. In: CVPR, pp. 15,654\u201315,664 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01482"},{"key":"4658_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L., He, Y., Zhang, Q., Liu, Z., Zhang, X., Xiao, C.: Document image shadow removal guided by color-aware background. In: CVPR, pp. 1818\u20131827 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00181"},{"key":"4658_CR46","unstructured":"Zheng, Z., Wu, C.: U-shaped vision mamba for single image dehazing, (2024). arXiv:2402.04139 Preprint."},{"key":"4658_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Z., Lei, Y., Chen, X., Luo, S., Zhang, W., Pun, C.M., Wang, Z.: Docdeshadower: Frequency-aware transformer for document shadow removal, pp. 2468\u20132473. SMC (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC54092.2024.10831480"}],"container-title":["The Visual Computer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-026-04658-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00371-026-04658-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00371-026-04658-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T10:24:07Z","timestamp":1788431047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00371-026-04658-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["4658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-026-04658-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0178-2789","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"441"}}