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Global warming, urban growth and other factors have threatened not only the freshwater supply but also the well-being of many species inhabiting it. Traditionally, laboratory-based studies can be both time and money consuming and so, the development of a real-time, continuous monitoring method has proven necessary. The use of autonomous, self-actualizing entities became an efficient way of monitoring the environment. The Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) will be investigated as an alternative energy source to allow for these entities to self-actualize. This concept has been improved with the use of various lifeforms in the role of biosensors in a structure called \u201dbiohybrid\u201d which we aim to develop further within the framework of project Robocoenosis relying on animal-robot interaction. We introduce a novel concept of a fully autonomous biohybrid agent with various lifeforms in the role of biosensors. Herein, we identify most promising organisms in the context of underwater robotics, among others <jats:italic>Dreissena polymorpha<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Anodonta cygnaea<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Daphnia<\/jats:italic> sp. and various algae. Special focus is placed on the \u201decosystem hacking\u201d based on their interaction with the electronic parts. This project uses Austrian lakes of various trophic levels (Millst\u00e4ttersee, Hallst\u00e4ttersee and Neusiedlersee) as case studies and as a \u201dproof of concept\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-021-00902-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T11:02:44Z","timestamp":1637665364000},"page":"615-628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Freshwater organisms potentially useful as biosensors and power-generation mediators in biohybrid robotics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6328-2023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wiktoria","family":"Rajewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Donato","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joshua Cherian","family":"Varughese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Godfried Jansen Van","family":"Vuuren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Thenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Schmickl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"902_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.3390\/app11052220","volume":"11","author":"AS Afroz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Afroz AS, Romano D, Inglese F, Stefanini C (2021) Towards bio-hybrid energy harvesting in the real-world: pushing the boundaries of technologies and strategies using bio-electrochemical and bio-mechanical processes. 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