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(2025) and then analyze talks from the NIH BRAIN NeuroAI 2024 Workshop to get one \u201csnapshot\u201d of the state of the conversation between Artificial intelligence (AI) and brain theory (BT). Key recommendations going beyond the earlier Editorial are that: (i) Successes in fitting ANNs to increasingly large neuroscience datasets must not distract us from the quixotic but demanding quest to understand \u201chow the brain works\u201d and discover underlying brain (and AI) operating principles. (ii) We must integrate functional and structural analyses in exploring systems of systems, integrating structures (e.g., brain regions, cortical modules) and functions (e.g., schemas for perception, action and cognition) that bridge between neural circuitry and patterns of behavior. (iii) We must study the diversity of intelligences exhibited by animals in their strategies for survival and not only the disembodied employment of language and reasoning. Finally and briefly, we note the urgency of assessing the societal implications of an age of increasingly pervasive human-machine symbiosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-025-01013-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T22:38:01Z","timestamp":1751063881000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Artificial intelligence meets brain theory (again)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6902-3580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Arbib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1013_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.11.026","volume":"61","author":"JB Aimone","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aimone JB, Wiles J, Gage FH (2009) Computational influence of adult neurogenesis on memory encoding. 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