{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T01:09:28Z","timestamp":1772932168108,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biol Cybern"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-025-01028-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T01:54:57Z","timestamp":1768960497000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stochastic dynamics of postural sway modeled by double Ornstein Uhlenbeck process"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Naci Bar\u0131\u015f","family":"Yaradanakul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Hassanpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Senih","family":"G\u00fcrses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1028_CR1","unstructured":"Akcay E (2015) The Somatosensory and Vestibular Interaction in Human Postural Control, Ph.D. thesis, Middle East Technical University,"},{"key":"1028_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-005-0004-1","volume":"93","author":"AV Alexandrov","year":"2005","unstructured":"Alexandrov AV, Frolov AA, Horak FB, Carlson-Kuhta P, Park S (2005) Feedback equilibrium control during human standing. Biol Cybern 93:309\u2013322","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"key":"1028_CR3","unstructured":"Alkan O (2015) Statistical Analysis of Force Distribution on the Plantar Foot During Quiet Stance, Ph.D. thesis, Middle East Technical University,"},{"key":"1028_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.25.5.1284","volume":"25","author":"BG Bardy","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bardy BG, Marin L, Stoffregen TA, Bootsma RJ (1999) Postural coordination modes considered as emergent phenomena. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 25:1284","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform"},{"key":"1028_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Begbie G (1967) Some problems of postural sway, in: Ciba Foundation Symposium-Myotatic, Kinesthetic and Vestibular Mechanisms, Wiley Online Library, , pp. 80\u2013104","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470719565.ch6"},{"key":"1028_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bendat JS, Piersol AG (2011) Random data: analysis and measurement procedures, John Wiley & Sons,","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118032428"},{"key":"1028_CR7","unstructured":"Berthoz A (2000) The brain\u2019s sense of movement, Harvard University Press,"},{"key":"1028_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4042683","volume":"141","author":"N Bilgin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bilgin N, Kemal\u00a0\u00d6zg\u00f6ren M (2019) Estimation of the balance-keeping control law applied by a human being upon a sudden sagittal tilt perturbation. J Biomech Eng 141:044502","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"1028_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2007.11.005","volume":"27","author":"A Bottaro","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bottaro A, Yasutake Y, Nomura T, Casadio M, Morasso P (2008) Bounded stability of the quiet standing posture: an intermittent control model. Hum Mov Sci 27:473\u2013495","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"1028_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2005.07.006","volume":"24","author":"A Bottaro","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bottaro A, Casadio M, Morasso PG, Sanguineti V (2005) Body sway during quiet standing: is it the residual chattering of an intermittent stabilization process? Hum Mov Sci 24:588\u2013615","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"1028_CR81","unstructured":"Cengiz CB (2017) Effect of the vestibular system on search and fall behaviour of human postural sway, Master's thesis, Middle East Technical University,"},{"key":"1028_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.52.907","volume":"52","author":"CC Chow","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chow CC, Collins JJ (1995) Pinned polymer model of posture control. Phys Rev E 52:907","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"key":"1028_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00229788","volume":"95","author":"JJ Collins","year":"1993","unstructured":"Collins JJ, De Luca CJ (1993) Open-loop and closed-loop control of posture: a random-walk analysis of center-of-pressure trajectories. Exp Brain Res 95:308\u2013318","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1028_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00241972","volume":"103","author":"J Collins","year":"1995","unstructured":"Collins J, De Luca C (1995) The effects of visual input on open-loop and closed-loop postural control mechanisms. Exp Brain Res 103:151\u2013163","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1028_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.73.764","volume":"73","author":"JJ Collins","year":"1994","unstructured":"Collins JJ, De Luca CJ (1994) Random walking during quiet standing. Phys Rev Lett 73:764","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"1028_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00231982","volume":"104","author":"J Collins","year":"1995","unstructured":"Collins J, De Luca C, Burrows A, Lipsitz L (1995) Age-related changes in open-loop and closed-loop postural control mechanisms. Exp Brain Res 104:480\u2013492","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1028_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.11.071","volume":"377","author":"R Creath","year":"2005","unstructured":"Creath R, Kiemel T, Horak F, Peterka R, Jeka J (2005) A unified view of quiet and perturbed stance: simultaneous co-existing excitable modes. Neurosci Lett 377:75\u201380","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"1028_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3200\/JMBR.40.3.179-185","volume":"40","author":"A Danna-Dos-Santos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Danna-Dos-Santos A, Degani AM, Zatsiorsky VM, Latash ML (2008) Is voluntary control of natural postural sway possible? J Mot Behav 40:179\u2013185","journal-title":"J Mot Behav"},{"key":"1028_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9457(00)00027-0","volume":"19","author":"TM Dijkstra","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dijkstra TM (2000) A gentle introduction to the dynamic set-point model of human postural control during perturbed stance. Hum Mov Sci 19:567\u2013595","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1028_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-007-0905-4","volume":"181","author":"SF Donker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Donker SF, Roerdink M, Greven AJ, Beek PJ (2007) Regularity of center-of-pressure trajectories depends on the amount of attention invested in postural control. Exp Brain Res 181(1):1\u201311","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1028_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0375-9601(01)00188-8","volume":"283","author":"M Duarte","year":"2001","unstructured":"Duarte M, Zatsiorsky VM (2001) Long-range correlations in human standing. Phys Lett A 283:124\u2013128","journal-title":"Phys Lett A"},{"key":"1028_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)00960-5","volume":"283","author":"M Duarte","year":"2000","unstructured":"Duarte M, Zatsiorsky VM (2000) On the fractal properties of natural human standing. Neurosci Lett 283:173\u2013176","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"1028_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.108","volume":"2","author":"AG Feldman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Feldman AG (2011) Space and time in the context of equilibrium-point theory. WIREs Cogn Sci 2:287\u2013304","journal-title":"WIREs Cogn Sci"},{"key":"1028_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-006-0591-7","volume":"175","author":"M Foisy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Foisy M, Feldman AG (2006) Threshold control of arm posture and movement adaptation to load. Exp Brain Res 175:726\u2013744","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1028_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.63.011905","volume":"63","author":"T Frank","year":"2000","unstructured":"Frank T, Daffertshofer A, Beek P (2000) Multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes with mean-field dependent coefficients: application to postural sway. Phys Rev E 63:011905","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"key":"1028_CR25","unstructured":"Gurses S (2002) Postural dynamics and stability, Ph.D. thesis, Middle East Technical University,"},{"key":"1028_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00136-7","volume":"68","author":"V Gurfinkel","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gurfinkel V, Ivanenko YP, Levik YS, Babakova I (1995) Kinesthetic reference for human orthograde posture. Neuroscience 68:229\u2013243","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"1028_CR27","volume":"43","author":"V Gurfinkel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gurfinkel V, Ivanenko Y, Levik Y (1994) The contribution of the foot deformation to the changes of muscular length and angle in ankle joint during standing in human. Physiol Res 43:371\u2013371","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"1028_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3182\/20060920-3-FR-2912.00043","volume":"39","author":"S Gurses","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gurses S, Platin B, Tumer S, Akkas N (2006) Characteristic phase plane pattern of human postural sway. IFAC Proc Vol 39:225\u2013230","journal-title":"IFAC Proc Vol"},{"key":"1028_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.15379\/2409-3394.2016.03.02.02","volume":"3","author":"S G\u00fcrses","year":"2016","unstructured":"G\u00fcrses S, Ak\u00e7ay M, G\u00f6kg\u00f6z M, Cengiz B, Bostan \u0130, \u00c7\u0131nar A, Satar B, Demirkaya \u015e, Bilgi\u00e7 H (2016) Developing a human balance test system (DETES) in order to investigate control mechanisms of human erect posture. Journal of Advances in Biomedical. Eng Technol 3:38\u201345","journal-title":"Journal of Advances in Biomedical. Eng Technol"},{"key":"1028_CR30","unstructured":"Hassanpour S (2016) Foot somatosensory information contributes to quiet stance, Master\u2019s thesis, Middle East Technical University,"},{"key":"1028_CR31","unstructured":"Hassanpour S (2024) The role of foot regions and the contribution of somatosensory information to quiet stance, Ph.D. thesis, Middle East Technical University (Turkey),"},{"key":"1028_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00230848","volume":"82","author":"FB Horak","year":"1990","unstructured":"Horak FB, Nashner LM, Diener H (1990) Postural strategies associated with somatosensory and vestibular loss. Exp Brain Res 82:167\u2013177","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1028_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1986.55.6.1369","volume":"55","author":"FB Horak","year":"1986","unstructured":"Horak FB, Nashner LM (1986) Central programming of postural movements: adaptation to altered support-surface configurations. J Neurophysiol 55:1369\u20131381","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1028_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3633","volume":"17","author":"DJ Herzfeld","year":"2014","unstructured":"Herzfeld DJ, Shadmehr R (2014) Motor variability is not noise, but grist for the learning mill. Nat Neurosci 17:149\u2013150","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"1028_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00171","volume":"12","author":"Y Ivanenko","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ivanenko Y, Gurfinkel VS (2018) Human postural control. Front Neurosci 12:171","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"1028_CR36","unstructured":"Imir M (2017) Postural Responses of Patients with Bilateral Vestibular Loss and Healthy Subjects to Sinusoidal Tilts, Ph.D. thesis, Middle East Technical University,"},{"key":"1028_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4371(97)00630-4","volume":"252","author":"Y Jia","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jia Y, Li J (1998) Stochastic system with colored correlation between white noise and colored noise. Physica A Stat Mech Appl 252:417\u2013427","journal-title":"Physica A Stat Mech Appl"},{"key":"1028_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00248739","volume":"71","author":"E Keshner","year":"1988","unstructured":"Keshner E, Woollacott M, Debu B (1988) Neck, trunk and limb muscle responses during postural perturbations in humans. Exp Brain Res 71:455\u2013466","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1028_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01144.2004","volume":"95","author":"T Kiemel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kiemel T, Oie KS, Jeka JJ (2006) Slow dynamics of postural sway are in the feedback loop. J Neurophysiol 95:1410\u20131418","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1028_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(96)01101-0","volume":"6","author":"DL King","year":"1997","unstructured":"King DL, Zatsiorsky VM (1997) Extracting gravity line displacement from stabilographic recordings. Gait & Posture 6:27\u201338","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"key":"1028_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050506","volume":"122","author":"AD Kuo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kuo AD, Speers RA, Peterka RJ, Horak FB (1998) Effect of altered sensory conditions on multivariate descriptors of human postural sway. Exp Brain Res 122:185\u2013195","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1028_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keener J, Sneyd J (2009) Mathematical physiology: II: Systems physiology, Springer,","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-79388-7"},{"key":"1028_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1123\/mcj.14.3.294","volume":"14","author":"ML Latash","year":"2010","unstructured":"Latash ML (2010) Motor synergies and the equilibrium-point hypothesis. Motor Control 14:294\u2013322","journal-title":"Motor Control"},{"key":"1028_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-019-05513-2","volume":"237","author":"I-C Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee I-C, Pacheco MM, Newell KM (2019) Postural coordination and control to the precision demands of light finger touch. Exp Brain Res 237:1339\u20131346","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1028_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2019.05.019","volume":"66","author":"I-C Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee I-C, Pacheco MM, Newell KM (2019) The precision demands of viewing distance modulate postural coordination and control. Hum Mov Sci 66:425\u2013439","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"1028_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(97)00031-6","volume":"22","author":"J Massion","year":"1998","unstructured":"Massion J (1998) Postural control systems in developmental perspective. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 22:465\u2013472","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"1028_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00221.2004","volume":"93","author":"C Maurer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maurer C, Peterka RJ (2005) A new interpretation of spontaneous sway measures based on a simple model of human postural control. J Neurophysiol 93:189\u2013200","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1028_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1996.0101","volume":"180","author":"G McCollum","year":"1996","unstructured":"McCollum G, Shupert CL, Nashner LM (1996) Organizing sensory information for postural control in altered sensory environments. J Theor Biol 180:257\u2013270","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"1028_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1303.028","volume":"1004","author":"T Mergner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mergner T, Becker W (2003) A modeling approach to the human spatial orientation system. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1004:303\u2013315","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"1028_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.22.1.51","volume":"22","author":"L Mochizuki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mochizuki L, Duarte M, Amadio AC, Zatsiorsky VM, Latash ML (2006) Changes in postural sway and its fractions in conditions of postural instability. J Appl Biomech 22:51\u201360","journal-title":"J Appl Biomech"},{"key":"1028_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1029\/97WR01982","volume":"33","author":"F Molz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Molz F, Liu H, Szulga J (1997) Fractional brownian motion and fractional gaussian noise in subsurface hydrology: a review, presentation of fundamental properties, and extensions. Water Resour Res 33:2273\u20132286","journal-title":"Water Resour Res"},{"key":"1028_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1804-y","volume":"156","author":"PF Meyer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Meyer PF, Oddsson LI, De Luca CJ (2004) The role of plantar cutaneous sensation in unperturbed stance. Exp Brain Res 156:505\u2013512","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1028_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02454152","volume":"113","author":"K Newell","year":"1997","unstructured":"Newell K, Slobounov S, Slobounova E, Molenaar P (1997) Stochastic processes in postural center-of-pressure profiles. Exp Brain Res 113:158\u2013164","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1028_CR54","unstructured":"Newell KM, Corcos DM, et\u00a0al (1993) Variability and motor control, (No Title)"},{"key":"1028_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(96)00165-0","volume":"30","author":"Y-C Pai","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pai Y-C, Patton J (1997) Center of mass velocity-position predictions for balance control. J Biomech 30:347\u2013354","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"1028_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.3.1097","volume":"88","author":"RJ Peterka","year":"2002","unstructured":"Peterka RJ (2002) Sensorimotor integration in human postural control. J Neurophysiol 88:1097\u20131118","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1028_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4063820","volume":"146","author":"E Pourreza","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pourreza E, Yaradanakul NB, Cengiz BC, Camurdan AD, Zinnuroglu M, Gurses S (2024) Spatiotemporal evolution of toddlers\u2019 regional foot pressure distribution and center of pressure at antero-posterior axis during learning of standing. J Biomech Eng 146:011001","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"1028_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1109\/10.532130","volume":"43","author":"TE Prieto","year":"1996","unstructured":"Prieto TE, Myklebust JB, Hoffmann RG, Lovett EG, Myklebust BM (1996) Measures of postural steadiness: differences between healthy young and elderly adults. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 43:956\u2013966","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"1028_CR59","unstructured":"Riccio GE (1993) Information in movement variability about the qualitative dynamics of posture and orientation, Variability and motor control 317\u2013357"},{"key":"1028_CR60","unstructured":"Riley PO (1987) Modeling of the biomechanics of posture and balance, Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,"},{"key":"1028_CR61","volume-title":"Emergency Medicine Procedures","author":"E Reichman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Reichman E, Tolson D (2004) Regional nerve blocks (regional anesthesia). Emergency Medicine Procedures. McGraw-Hill, New York"},{"key":"1028_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(94)00113-I","volume":"28","author":"T Schumann","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schumann T, Redfern MS, Furman JM, El-Jaroudi A, Chaparro LF (1995) Time-frequency analysis of postural sway. J Biomech 28:603\u2013607","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"1028_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(84)90080-0","volume":"17","author":"T Shimba","year":"1984","unstructured":"Shimba T (1984) An estimation of center of gravity from force platform data. J Biomech 17:53\u201360","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"1028_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/00222899709600841","volume":"29","author":"SM Slobounov","year":"1997","unstructured":"Slobounov SM, Slobounova ES, Newell KM (1997) Virtual time-to-collision and human postural control. J Mot Behav 29:263\u2013281","journal-title":"J Mot Behav"},{"key":"1028_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00204111","volume":"66","author":"R Shadmehr","year":"1992","unstructured":"Shadmehr R, Arbib MA (1992) A mathematical analysis of the force-stiffness characteristics of muscles in control of a single joint system. Biol Cybern 66:463\u2013477","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"key":"1028_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shreve SE, et\u00a0al. (2004) Stochastic calculus for finance II: Continuous-time models, volume\u00a011, Springer,","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-4296-1"},{"key":"1028_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-58380-5","volume":"14","author":"F Tessari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tessari F, Hermus J, Sugimoto-Dimitrova R, Hogan N (2024) Brownian processes in human motor control support descending neural velocity commands. Sci Rep 14:8341","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1028_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-005-0041-9","volume":"94","author":"AM van Mourik","year":"2006","unstructured":"van Mourik AM, Daffertshofer A, Beek PJ (2006) Deterministic and stochastic features of rhythmic human movement. Biol Cybern 94:233\u2013244","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"key":"1028_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(97)83378-4","volume":"2","author":"DA Winter","year":"1997","unstructured":"Winter DA, Patla A, Prince F (1997) Stiffness control of balance during quiet standing. Gait & Posture 2:154\u2013155","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"key":"1028_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90136-3","volume":"80","author":"M Wernick-Robinson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wernick-Robinson M, Krebs DE, Giorgetti MM (1999) Functional reach: does it really measure dynamic balance? Arch Phys Med Rehabil 80:262\u2013269","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1028_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wio HS, Colet P, San\u00a0Miguel M, Pesquera L, Rodriguez M (1989) Path-integral formulation for stochastic processes driven by colored noise, Physical Review A 40 , 7312","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.40.7312"},{"key":"1028_CR72","unstructured":"Wilson VJ (2013) Mammalian vestibular physiology, Springer Science & Business Media,"},{"key":"1028_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.85.6.2630","volume":"85","author":"DA Winter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Winter DA, Patla AE, Rietdyk S, Ishac MG (2001) Ankle muscle stiffness in the control of balance during quiet standing. J Neurophysiol 85:2630\u20132633","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1028_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3616","volume":"17","author":"HG Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu HG, Miyamoto YR, Castro LNG, \u00d6lveczky BP, Smith MA (2014) Temporal structure of motor variability is dynamically regulated and predicts motor learning ability. Nat Neurosci 17:312\u2013321","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"1028_CR75","unstructured":"Yaradanakul N (2022) Stochastic Analysis of Human Postural Sway, Master\u2019s thesis, Middle East Technical University,"},{"key":"1028_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yaglom A (1987) Correlation theory of stationary and related random functions ii: Supplementary notes and references,","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-4620-6"},{"key":"1028_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1123\/mcj.3.1.28","volume":"3","author":"VM Zatsiorsky","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zatsiorsky VM, Duarte M (1999) Instant equilibrium point and its migration in standing tasks: rambling and trembling components of the stabilogram. Mot Control 3:28\u201338","journal-title":"Mot Control"},{"key":"1028_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(97)00116-4","volume":"31","author":"VM Zatsiorsky","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zatsiorsky VM, King DL (1997) An algorithm for determining gravity line location from posturographic recordings. J Biomech 31:161\u2013164","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"1028_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1123\/mcj.4.2.185","volume":"4","author":"VM Zatsiorsky","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zatsiorsky VM, Duarte M (2000) Rambling and trembling in quiet standing. Motor Control 4:185\u2013200","journal-title":"Motor Control"},{"key":"1028_CR80","unstructured":"Zatsiorsky VM (2002) Kinetics of human motion, Human kinetics,"}],"container-title":["Biological Cybernetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00422-025-01028-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00422-025-01028-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00422-025-01028-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T06:02:26Z","timestamp":1772863346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00422-025-01028-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00422-025-01028-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-0770"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-0770","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4"}}