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Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present a randomized distributed algorithm that computes a <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\Delta $$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mi>\u0394<\/mml:mi>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-coloring in any non-complete graph with maximum degree <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\Delta \\ge 4$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mi>\u0394<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>\u2265<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mn>4<\/mml:mn>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> in <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$O(\\log \\Delta ) + 2^{O(\\sqrt{\\log \\log n})}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mi>O<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mi>\u0394<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:msup>\n                      <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:mi>O<\/mml:mi>\n                        <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                        <mml:msqrt>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <\/mml:msqrt>\n                        <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                      <\/mml:mrow>\n                    <\/mml:msup>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> rounds, as well as a randomized algorithm that computes a <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\Delta $$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mi>\u0394<\/mml:mi>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-coloring in <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$O((\\log \\log n)^2)$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mi>O<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:msup>\n                      <mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                        <mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo>\n                        <mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo>\n                        <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                        <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                      <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:msup>\n                    <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> rounds when <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\Delta \\in [3, O(1)]$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mi>\u0394<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>\u2208<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mo>[<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn>\n                    <mml:mo>,<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mi>O<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn>\n                    <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mo>]<\/mml:mo>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>. Both these algorithms improve on an <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$O(\\log ^3 n \/ \\log \\Delta )$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mi>O<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:msup>\n                      <mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:msup>\n                    <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>\/<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mi>\u0394<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-round algorithm of Panconesi and Srinivasan (STOC\u201993), which has remained the state of the art for the past 25\u00a0years. Moreover, the latter algorithm gets (exponentially) closer to an <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\Omega (\\log \\log n)$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mi>\u03a9<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> round lower bound of Brandt et al. 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