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Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article shows how to construct an overlay network of constant degree and diameter<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$O(\\log n)$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>in<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$O(\\log n)$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>time starting from an arbitrary weakly connected graph. We assume a synchronous communication network in which nodes can send messages to nodes they know the identifier of, and new connections can be established by sending node identifiers. Suppose the initial network\u2019s graph is weakly connected and has constant degree. In that case, our algorithm constructs the desired topology with each node sending and receiving only<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$O(\\log n)$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>messages in each round in<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$O(\\log n)$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>time w.h.p., which beats the currently best<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$O(\\log ^{3\/2} n)$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\/<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>time algorithm of G\u00f6tte et al. (International colloquium on structural information and communication complexity (SIROCCO), Springer, 2019). Since the problem cannot be solved faster than by using pointer jumping for<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$O(\\log n)$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>rounds (which would even require each node to communicate<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\Omega (n)$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u03a9<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>bits), our algorithm is asymptotically optimal. We achieve this speedup by using short random walks to repeatedly establish random connections between the nodes that quickly reduce the conductance of the graph using an observation of Kwok and Lau (Approximation, randomization, and combinatorial optimization. Algorithms and techniques (APPROX\/RANDOM 2014), Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, 2014). Additionally, we show how our algorithm can be used to efficiently solve graph problems in<jats:italic>hybrid networks<\/jats:italic>(Augustine et al. in Proceedings of the fourteenth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on discrete algorithms, SIAM, 2020). Motivated by the idea that nodes possess two different modes of communication, we assume that communication of the<jats:italic>initial<\/jats:italic>edges is unrestricted, whereas only polylogarithmically many messages can be sent over edges that have been established throughout an algorithm\u2019s execution. For an (undirected) graph<jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>with arbitrary degree, we show how to compute connected components, a spanning tree, and biconnected components in<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$O(\\log n)$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>time w.h.p. Furthermore, we show how to compute an MIS in<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$O(\\log d + \\log \\log n)$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo><mml:mi>d<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>time w.h.p., where<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>is the initial degree of<jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00446-023-00442-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T07:33:16Z","timestamp":1676619196000},"page":"313-347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Time-optimal construction of overlay networks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9798-6993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thorsten","family":"G\u00f6tte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Hinnenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Scheideler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Werthmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"442_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-6774(86)90019-2","volume":"7","author":"N Alon","year":"1986","unstructured":"Alon, N., Babai, L., Itai, A.: A fast and simple randomized parallel algorithm for the maximal independent set problem. 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