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The weak closure\u00a0<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\gamma (G)$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mi>\u03b3<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mi>G<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> of a graph, recently introduced by Fox et al. (SIAM J Comput 49(2):448\u2013464, 2020), is the smallest number such that\u00a0<jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic> is weakly\u00a0<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\gamma $$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mi>\u03b3<\/mml:mi>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-closed. This graph parameter is never larger than the degeneracy (plus one) and can be significantly smaller. Extending the work of Fox et al. (2020) on clique enumeration, we show that several problems related to finding dense subgraphs, such as the enumeration of bicliques and <jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic>-plexes, are fixed-parameter tractable with respect to\u00a0<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\gamma (G)$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mi>\u03b3<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mi>G<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>. Moreover, we show that the problem of determining whether a weakly <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\gamma $$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mi>\u03b3<\/mml:mi>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-closed graph\u00a0<jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic> has a subgraph on at least\u00a0<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic> vertices that belongs to a graph class\u00a0<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\mathcal {G}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mi>G<\/mml:mi>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> which is closed under taking subgraphs admits a kernel with at most\u00a0<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\gamma k^2$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mi>\u03b3<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:msup>\n                      <mml:mi>k<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:msup>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> vertices. Finally, we provide fixed-parameter algorithms for <jats:sc>Independent Dominating Set<\/jats:sc> and <jats:sc>Dominating Clique<\/jats:sc> when parameterized by\u00a0<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\gamma +k$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mi>\u03b3<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mi>k<\/mml:mi>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> where\u00a0<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic> is the solution size. Furthermore, we show that <jats:sc>Independent Dominating Set<\/jats:sc> does not admit a polynomial kernel for constant\u00a0<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\gamma $$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mi>\u03b3<\/mml:mi>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> under standard assumptions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00453-022-01090-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]],"date-time":"2023-01-21T05:32:10Z","timestamp":1674279130000},"page":"2156-2187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Computing Dense and Sparse Subgraphs of Weakly Closed Graphs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8684-0611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Koana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0829-7032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Komusiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4034-525X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1090_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1007\/s00453-008-9204-0","volume":"54","author":"N Alon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alon, N., Gutner, S.: Linear time algorithms for finding a dominating set of fixed size in degenerated graphs. 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