{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T10:08:02Z","timestamp":1787911682169,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,26]],"date-time":"2015-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soft Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-015-1993-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,25]],"date-time":"2015-12-25T22:38:10Z","timestamp":1451083090000},"page":"3081-3100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Conceptual and numerical comparisons of swarm intelligence optimization algorithms"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Haiping","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sengang","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minrui","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1993_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2013.09.002","volume":"14","author":"M Abulkalamazad","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abulkalamazad M, Rocha A, Fernandes E (2014) Improved binary artificial fish swarm algorithm for the 0\u20131 multidimensional knapsack problems. Swarm Evolut Comput 14:66\u201375","journal-title":"Swarm Evolut Comput"},{"key":"1993_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2010.07.015","volume":"192","author":"A Bahriye","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bahriye A, Dervis K (2012) A modified artificial bee colony algorithm for real-parameter optimization. Inf Sci 192:120\u2013142","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"1993_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2014.02.010","volume":"19","author":"K Bhattacharjee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bhattacharjee K, Sarmah SP (2014) Shuffled frog leaping algorithm and its application to 0\/1 knapsack problem. Appl Soft Comput 19:252\u2013263","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"1993_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2011.10.021","volume":"12","author":"D Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen D, Wang J, Zou F, Hou W, Zhao C (2012) An improved group search optimizer with operation of quantum-behaved swarm and its application. Appl Soft Comput 12:712\u2013725","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"1993_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-011-9276-0","volume":"39","author":"P Civicioglu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Civicioglu P, Besdok E (2013) A conceptual comparison of the Cuckoo-search, particle swarm optimization, differential evolution and artificial bee colony algorithms. Artif Intell Rev 39:315\u2013345","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1993_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.985692","volume":"6","author":"M Clerc","year":"2002","unstructured":"Clerc M, Kennedy J (2002) The particle swarm-explosion, stability and convergence in a multidimensional complex space. IEEE Trans Evolut Comput 6(3):58\u201373","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Evolut Comput"},{"key":"1993_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.05.047","volume":"281","author":"C Cobos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cobos C, Mu\u00f1oz-Collazos H, Urbano-Mu\u00f1oz R, Mendoza M, Le\u00f3n E, Herrera-Viedma E (2014) Clustering of web search results based on the cuckoo search algorithm and balanced Bayesian information criterion. Inf Sci 281:248\u2013264","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"1993_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.03.094","volume":"278","author":"M Davarynejad","year":"2014","unstructured":"Davarynejad M, Berg J, Rezaei J (2014) Evaluating center-seeking and initialization bias: the case of particle swarm and gravitational search algorithms. Inf Sci 278:802\u2013821","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"1993_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2011.02.002","volume":"1","author":"J Derrac","year":"2011","unstructured":"Derrac J, Garcia S, Molina D, Herrera F (2011) A practical tutorial on the use of nonparametric statistical tests as a methodology for comparing evolutionary and swarm intelligence algorithms. Swarm Evolut Comput 1:3\u201318","journal-title":"Swarm Evolut Comput"},{"key":"1993_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10898-007-9149-x","volume":"39","author":"K Dervis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dervis K, Bahriye B (2007) A powerful and efficient algorithm for numerical function optimization: artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. J Glob Optim 39:459\u2013471","journal-title":"J Glob Optim"},{"key":"1993_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-012-9328-0","volume":"42","author":"K Dervis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dervis K, Beyza G, Celal O, Nurhan K (2014) A comprehensive survey: artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and applications. Artif Intell Rev 42:21\u201357","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1993_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.585892","volume":"1","author":"M Dorigo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dorigo M, Gambardella LM (1997) Ant colony system: a cooperative learning approach to the traveling salesman problem. IEEE Trans Evolut Comput 1(3):53\u201366","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Evolut Comput"},{"key":"1993_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2013.09.034","volume":"258","author":"MB Dowlatshahi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dowlatshahi MB, Nezamabadi-pour H, Mashinchi M (2014) A discrete gravitational search algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems. Inf Sci 258:94\u2013107","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"1993_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2005.01.004","volume":"19","author":"E Elbeltagi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Elbeltagi E, Hegazy T, Grierson D (2005) Comparison among five evolutionary-based optimization algorithms. Adv Eng Inform 19:43\u201353","journal-title":"Adv Eng Inform"},{"issue":"1","key":"1993_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/15732470500254535","volume":"3","author":"E Emad","year":"2007","unstructured":"Emad E, Tarek H, Donald G (2007) A modifed shuffled frog-leaping optimization algorithm: applications to project management. Struct Infrastruct Eng 3(1):53\u201360","journal-title":"Struct Infrastruct Eng"},{"key":"1993_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9496(2003)129:3(210)","volume":"129","author":"M Eusuff","year":"2003","unstructured":"Eusuff M, Lansey KE (2003) Optimization of water distribution network design using the shuffled frog leaping algorithm. J Water Res Pl-ASCE 129:210\u2013225","journal-title":"J Water Res Pl-ASCE"},{"key":"1993_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2013.06.001","volume":"13","author":"I Fister","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fister I, Jr Fister, Yang X, Brest J (2013) A comprehensive review of firefly algorithms. Swarm Evolut Comput 13:34\u201346","journal-title":"Swarm Evolut Comput"},{"key":"1993_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00274-1","volume":"155","author":"A Freville","year":"2004","unstructured":"Freville A (2004) The multidimensional 0\u20131 knapsack problem: an overview. Eur J Oper Res 155:1\u201320","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"1993_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2013.12.175","volume":"231","author":"S Gao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gao S, Vairappan C, Wang Y, Cao Q, Tang Z (2014) Gravitational search algorithm combined with chaos for unconstrained numerical optimization. Appl Math Comput 231:48\u201362","journal-title":"Appl Math Comput"},{"key":"1993_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2013.10.003","volume":"67","author":"O Hasan\u00e7ebi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hasan\u00e7ebi O, Carbas S (2014) Bat inspired algorithm for discrete size optimization of steel frames. Adv Eng Softw 67:173\u2013185","journal-title":"Adv Eng Softw"},{"key":"1993_CR21","unstructured":"He S, Wu Q, Saunders J (2006) A novel group search optimizer inspired by animal behavioral ecology. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on evolutionary computation, pp 1272\u20131278"},{"key":"1993_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2014.07.016","volume":"24","author":"S Jiang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jiang S, Wang Y, Ji Z (2014) Convergence analysis and performance of an improved gravitational search algorithm. Appl Soft Comput 24:363\u2013384","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"1993_CR23","unstructured":"Karaboga D (2005) An idea based on honey bee swarm for numerical optimization. Technical report, Computer Engineering Department, Erciyes University"},{"key":"1993_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10898-007-9149-x","volume":"39","author":"D Karaboga","year":"2007","unstructured":"Karaboga D, Basturk B (2007) A powerful and efficient algorithm for numerical function optimization: artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. J Glob Optim 39:459\u2013471","journal-title":"J Glob Optim"},{"key":"1993_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kennedy J, Eberhart R (1995) Particle swarm optimization. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on neural networks, pp 1942\u20131948","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1995.488968"},{"key":"1993_CR26","volume-title":"Genetic programming: on the programming of computers by means of natural selection","author":"JR Koza","year":"1992","unstructured":"Koza JR (1992) Genetic programming: on the programming of computers by means of natural selection. MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"1993_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s11721-008-0021-5","volume":"3","author":"KN Krishnanand","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krishnanand KN, Ghose D (2009) Glowworm swarm optimization for simultaneous capture of multiple local optima of multimodal functions. Swarm Intell 3:87\u2013124","journal-title":"Swarm Intell"},{"key":"1993_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao T, Stuetzle T (2013) Benchmark results for a simple hybrid algorithm on the CEC 2013 benchmark set for real parameter optimization. In: Proceedings of IEEE congress on evolutionary computation, pp 1938\u20131944","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2013.6557796"},{"key":"1993_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ma H, Simon D, Fei M (2015) On the statistical mechanics approximation of biogeography-based optimization. Evolut Comput. doi:\n                        10.1162\/EVCO_a_00160","DOI":"10.1162\/EVCO_a_00160"},{"key":"1993_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2013.12.007","volume":"69","author":"S Mirjalili","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mirjalili S, Lewis A (2014) Grey wolf optimizer. Adv Eng Softw 69:46\u201361","journal-title":"Adv Eng Softw"},{"key":"1993_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01530781","volume":"5","author":"A Nix","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nix A, Vose M (1992) Modeling genetic algorithms with Markov chains. Ann Math Intell 5:79\u201388","journal-title":"Ann Math Intell"},{"key":"1993_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1504\/IJBIC.2011.038700","volume":"3","author":"R Parpinelli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Parpinelli R, Lopes H (2011) New inspirations in swarm intelligence: a survey. Int J Bio-Inspired Comput 3:1\u201316","journal-title":"Int J Bio-Inspired Comput"},{"key":"1993_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.4295","volume":"19","author":"R Parpinelli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Parpinelli R, Teodoro F, Lopes H (2012) A comparison of swarm intelligence algorithms for structural engineering optimization. Int J Numer Methods Eng 19:666\u2013684","journal-title":"Int J Numer Methods Eng"},{"key":"1993_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-007-0210-y","volume":"12","author":"A Rahimi-Vahed","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rahimi-Vahed A, Mirzaei A (2008) Solving a bi-criteria permutation flow-shop problem using shuffled frog-leaping algorithm. Soft Comput 12:435\u2013452","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"1993_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2010.12.015","volume":"43","author":"RV Rao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rao RV, Savsani VJ, Vakharia DP (2011) Teaching-learning-based optimization: a novel method for constrained mechanical design optimization problems. Comput-Aided Des 43:303\u2013315","journal-title":"Comput-Aided Des"},{"key":"1993_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2009.03.004","volume":"179","author":"E Rashedi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rashedi E, Nezamabadi-pour H, Saryazdi S (2009) GSA: a gravitational search algorithm. Inf Sci 179:2232\u20132248","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"1993_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2010.05.007","volume":"24","author":"E Rashedi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rashedi E, Nezamabadi-pour H, Saryazdi S (2011) Filter modeling using gravitational search algorithm. Eng Appl Artif Intell 24:117\u2013122","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"1993_CR38","volume-title":"Genetic algorithms: principles and perspectives","author":"C Reeves","year":"2003","unstructured":"Reeves C, Rowe J (2003) Genetic algorithms: principles and perspectives. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston"},{"key":"1993_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-014-1388-4","volume":"19","author":"A Sarkheyli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sarkheyli A, Zain AM, Sharif S (2015) The role of basic, modified and hybrid shuffled frog leaping algorithm on optimization problems: a review. Soft Comput 19:2011\u20132038","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"1993_CR40","unstructured":"Schwefel HP (1995) Evolution and optimum seeking. Wiley Press, New Jersey"},{"key":"1993_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2011.03.028","volume":"11","author":"D Simon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Simon D (2011) A dynamic system model of biogeography-based optimization. Appl Soft Comput 11:5652\u20135661","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"1993_CR42","unstructured":"Simon D (2013) Evolutionary optimization algorithms. Wiley, New Jersey"},{"key":"1993_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnsc.2008.06.007","volume":"19","author":"H Shen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shen H, Zhu Y, Niu B, Wu Q (2009) An improved group search optimizer for mechanical design optimization problems. Prog Nat Sci 19:91\u201397","journal-title":"Prog Nat Sci"},{"key":"1993_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0040810","volume":"1447","author":"Y Shi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shi Y, Eberhart RC (1998) Parameter selection in particle swarm optimization. Lect Notes Comput Sci 1447:591\u2013600","journal-title":"Lect Notes Comput Sci"},{"key":"1993_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1109\/21.370197","volume":"25","author":"J Suzuki","year":"1995","unstructured":"Suzuki J (1995) A Markov chain analysis on simple genetic algorithms. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part B 25:655\u2013659","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part B"},{"key":"1993_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13495-1_44","volume":"6145","author":"Y Tan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tan Y, Zhu Y (2010) Fireworks algorithm for optimization. Lect Notes Comput Sci 6145:355\u2013364","journal-title":"Lect Notes Comput Sci"},{"key":"1993_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2011.06.014","volume":"181","author":"L Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang L, Fang C (2011) An effective shuffled frog-leaping algorithm for multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem. Inf Sci 181:4804\u20134822","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"1993_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.08.155","volume":"39","author":"L Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang L, Zhong X, Liu M (2012) A novel group search optimizer for multi-objective optimization. Expert Syst Appl 39:2939\u20132946","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"1993_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.585893","volume":"1","author":"DH Wolpert","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wolpert DH, Macready WG (1997) No free lunch theorems for optimization. IEEE Trans Evolut Comput 1:67\u201382","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Evolut Comput"},{"key":"1993_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04944-6_14","volume":"5792","author":"XS Yang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yang XS (2009) Firefly algorithms for multimodal optimization. Lect Notes Comput Sci 5792:169\u2013178","journal-title":"Lect Notes Comput Sci"},{"key":"1993_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1504\/IJBIC.2011.039907","volume":"3","author":"X Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang X (2011) Review of meta-heuristics and generalized evolutionary walk algorithm. Int J Bio-Inspired Comput 3:77\u201384","journal-title":"Int J Bio-Inspired Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"1993_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.771163","volume":"3","author":"X Yao","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yao X, Liu Y, Lin G (1999) Evolutionary programming made faster. IEEE Trans Evolut Comput 3(1):82\u2013102","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Evolut Comput"},{"key":"1993_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2015.04.065","volume":"263","author":"S Yu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yu S, Zhu S, Ma Y, Mao D (2015) A variable step size firefly algorithm for numerical optimization. Appl Math Comput 263:214\u2013220","journal-title":"Appl Math Comput"},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"1993_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S232","DOI":"10.1016\/S1672-6529(09)60240-7","volume":"7","author":"H Zang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zang H, Zhang S, Hapeshi K (2010) A review of nature-inspired algorithms. J Bionic Eng 7(Supplement):S232\u2013S237","journal-title":"J Bionic Eng"},{"key":"1993_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2011.10.004","volume":"84","author":"K Zare","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zare K, Haque M, Davoodi E (2012) Solving non-convex economic dispatch problem with valve point effects using modified group search optimizer method. Electr Power Syst Res 84:83\u201389","journal-title":"Electr Power Syst Res"},{"key":"1993_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng X, Lu D, Chen Z (2014) A self-adaptive group search optimizer with elitist strategy. In: Proceedings of 2014 IEEE congress on evolutionary computation, pp 2033\u20132039","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2014.6900477"}],"container-title":["Soft Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00500-015-1993-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-015-1993-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-015-1993-x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-015-1993-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T21:43:55Z","timestamp":1559079835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00500-015-1993-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,26]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1993"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-015-1993-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-7643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,26]]}}}