{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T08:01:54Z","timestamp":1745654514921},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]],"date-time":"2016-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467072000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soft Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-016-2236-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]],"date-time":"2016-06-29T03:58:46Z","timestamp":1467172726000},"page":"6859-6880","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A zSlices-based general type-2 fuzzy logic system for users-centric adaptive learning in large-scale e-learning platforms"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Khalid","family":"Almohammadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hani","family":"Hagras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniyal","family":"Alghazzawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghadah","family":"Aldabbagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2236_CR1","unstructured":"Ahmad A, Basir O, Hassanein K (2004) Adaptive user interfaces for intelligent e-learning: issues and trends. In: Proceedings of the fourth international conference on electronic business (ICEB2004), Xiyuan Hotel, Beijing, China, pp. 925-934"},{"key":"2236_CR2","volume-title":"Staying the course: online education in the United States","author":"IE Allen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Allen IE, Seaman J (2008) Staying the course: online education in the United States. Sloan Consortium, Sloan-C, Needham"},{"key":"2236_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almohammadi K, Hagras H (2013) An adaptive fuzzy logic based system for improved knowledge delivery within intelligent E-Learning platforms. In: Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE international conference on fuzzy systems, pp 1\u20138","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZ-IEEE.2013.6622350"},{"key":"2236_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almohammadi K, Hagras H (2013) An interval type-2 fuzzy logic based system for customised knowledge delivery within pervasive e-learning platforms. In: Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE international conference on systems, man, and cybernetics, 2013, pp 2872\u20132879","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC.2013.490"},{"key":"2236_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Almohammadi K, Hagras H, Yao B, Alzahrani A, Alghazzawi D, Aldabbagh G (2015) A type-2 fuzzy logic recommendation system for adaptive teaching. Soft Comput. doi: 10.1007\/s00500-015-1826-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-015-1826-y"},{"key":"2236_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almohammadi K, Yao B, Hagras H (2014) An interval type-2 fuzzy logic based system with user engagement feedback for customized knowledge delivery within intelligent E-learning platforms. In: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE international conference on fuzzy systems, 2014, pp 808\u2013817","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZ-IEEE.2014.6891663"},{"key":"2236_CR7","unstructured":"Ambient Insight Research (2009) US self-paced e-learning market. Ambient Insight Research, Monroe"},{"issue":"1","key":"2236_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2006.09.010","volume":"34","author":"S-M Bai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bai S-M, Chen S-M (2008) Evaluating students\u2019 learning achievement using fuzzy membership functions and fuzzy rules. Expert Syst Appl 34(1):399\u2013410","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"2236_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bilgin A, Dooley J, Whittington L, Hagras H, Henson M, Wagner C, Malibari A, Al-Ghamdi A, Al-haddad M, Al-Ghazzawi D (2012) Dynamic profile-selection for zSlices based type-2 fuzzy agents controlling multi-user ambient intelligent environments. In: Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE international conference on fuzzy systems, Brisbane","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZ-IEEE.2012.6251256"},{"key":"2236_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X013006004","volume":"13","author":"B Bloom","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bloom B (1984) The 2 sigma problem: the search for methods of group instruction as effective as one-to-one tutoring. Educ Res 13:4\u201316","journal-title":"Educ Res"},{"key":"2236_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/11774303_51","volume-title":"Intelligent tutoring systems","author":"HJ Cha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cha HJ, Kim YS, Park SH, Yoon TB, Jung YM, Lee J-H (2006) Learning styles diagnosis based on user interface behaviors for the customization of learning interfaces in an intelligent tutoring system. In: Ikeda M, Ashley KD, Chan T-W (eds) Intelligent tutoring systems, vol 4053. Springer, Berlin, pp 513\u2013524"},{"key":"2236_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2012.12.031","volume":"235","author":"S-M Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen S-M, Li T-S (2013) Evaluating students\u2019 answerscripts based on interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Inf Sci 235:308\u2013322","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2236_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2014.2310242","volume":"23","author":"K Chrysafiadi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chrysafiadi K, Virvou M (2015) Fuzzy logic for adaptive instruction in an e-learning environment for computer programming. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 23(1):164\u2013177","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"2236_CR14","first-page":"5561","volume":"7335","author":"B Ciloglugil","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ciloglugil B (2012) Inceoglu M user modeling for adaptive e-learning systems. Comput Sci Appl 7335:5561","journal-title":"Comput Sci Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"2236_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2009.12.010","volume":"26","author":"F Essalmi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Essalmi F, Ayed LJB, Kinshuk M Jemni, Graf S (2010) A fully personalization strategy of E-learning scenarios. Comput Hum Behav 26(4):581\u2013591","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"2236_CR16","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Adaptive hypermedia and adaptive web-based systems","author":"E Frias-Martinez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Frias-Martinez E, Magoulas G, Chen S, Macredie R (2004) Recent soft computing approaches to user modeling in adaptive hypermedia. In: Yz X (ed) Adaptive hypermedia and adaptive web-based systems. Springer, Berlin, pp 31\u201355"},{"key":"2236_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gertner AS, VanLehn K (2000) Andes: a coached problem solving environment for physics. In: Gauthier G, Frasson C, VanLehn K (eds) Intelligent tutoring systems, vol 1839. Springer, Berlin, pp 133\u2013142","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45108-0_17"},{"issue":"19","key":"2236_CR18","first-page":"2801","volume":"16","author":"S Gutierrez-Santos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gutierrez-Santos S, Mayor-Berzal J, Fernandez-Panadero C, Kloos CR (2010) Authoring of probabilistic sequencing in adaptive hypermedia with Bayesian networks. J Univers Comput Sci 16(19):2801\u20132820","journal-title":"J Univers Comput Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2236_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2004.832538","volume":"12","author":"H Hagras","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hagras H (2004) A hierarchical type-2 fuzzy logic control architecture for autonomous mobile robots. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 12(4):524\u2013539","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"2236_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2006.889758","volume":"15","author":"H Hagras","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hagras H, Doctor F, Lopez A, Callaghan V (2007) An incremental adaptive life long learning approach for type-2 fuzzy embedded agents in ambient intelligent environments. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 15(1):41\u201355","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"2236_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2007.54","volume":"6","author":"H Hagras","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hagras H (2007) Embedding computational intelligence in pervasive spaces. IEEE Pervasive Comput 6(3):85\u201389","journal-title":"IEEE Pervasive Comput"},{"key":"2236_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hagras H, Packham I, Vanderstockt Y, Mcnulty N, Vadher A, Doctor F (2008) An intelligent agent based approach for energy management in commercial buildings. In: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE international conference on fuzzy systems, Hong Kong, pp156\u2013162","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZY.2008.4630359"},{"issue":"1","key":"2236_CR23","first-page":"273","volume":"15","author":"T-C Hsieh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hsieh T-C, Wang T-I, Su C-Y, Lee M-C (2012) A fuzzy logic-based personalized learning system for supporting adaptive english learning. J Educ Technol Soc 15(1):273\u2013288","journal-title":"J Educ Technol Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2236_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2006.05.019","volume":"33","author":"M Huang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Huang M, Huang H, Chen M (2007) Constructing a personalized e-learning system based on genetic algorithm and case-based reasoning approach. Expert Syst Appl 33(3):551\u2013564","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"2236_CR25","first-page":"49","volume":"1","author":"N Idris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Idris N, Yusof N, Saad P (2009) Adaptive course sequencing for personalization of learning path using neural network. Int J Adv Soft Comput Appl 1:49\u201361","journal-title":"Int J Adv Soft Comput Appl"},{"key":"2236_CR26","unstructured":"James LA (2012) Evaluation of an adaptive learning technology as a predictor of student performance in undergraduate biology (Master\u2019s thesis). Appalachian State University, North Carolina, USA"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2236_CR27","first-page":"103","volume":"5","author":"A Jameson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jameson A (1996) Numerical uncertainty management in user and student modeling: an overview of systems and issues. User Model User Adapt Interact 5(3\u20134):103\u2013251","journal-title":"User Model User Adapt Interact"},{"issue":"4","key":"2236_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2004.833294","volume":"34","author":"A Kav\u010di\u010d","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kav\u010di\u010d A (2004) Fuzzy user modeling for adaptation in educational hypermedia. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern C Appl Rev 34(4):439\u2013449","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern C Appl Rev"},{"key":"2236_CR29","unstructured":"Kav\u010di\u010d A, Pedraza-Jim\u00e9nez R, Molina-Bulla H, Valverde-Albacete FJ, Cid-Sueiro J, Navia-V\u00e1zquez A (2003) Student modelling based on fuzzy inference mechanisms. In: Proceedings of the IEEE region 8 EUROCON 2003: computer as a tool, Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"key":"2236_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-60566-830-7","volume-title":"Online education and adult learning","author":"T Kidd","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kidd T (2010) Online education and adult learning. Hershey, New York"},{"key":"2236_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu F, Mendel J (2007) An interval approach to fuzzistics for interval type-2 fuzzy sets. In: Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE international conference on fuzzy systems, London, UK, pp 1030\u20131035","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZY.2007.4295508"},{"key":"2236_CR32","unstructured":"Lynch C, Hagras H, Callaghan V (2006) Embedded interval type-2 neuro-fuzzy speed controller for marine Diesel engines. In: Proceedings of the international conference on information processing and management of uncertainty in knowledge-based systems (IPMU 2006), pp 1340-1347, Paris, France"},{"key":"2236_CR33","unstructured":"Martins C, Faria L, Carrapatoso E (2008) An adaptive educational system for higher education. In: Proceedings of the 14th EUNIS 08 international conference of European University information systems, Denmark, pp 24\u201327"},{"key":"2236_CR34","volume-title":"Uncertain rule-based fuzzy logic systems: introduction and new directions","author":"JM Mendel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mendel JM (2001) Uncertain rule-based fuzzy logic systems: introduction and new directions. Prentice Hall PTR, Prentice Hall Inc, New York"},{"issue":"1","key":"2236_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.06.012","volume":"60","author":"E Mill\u00e1n","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mill\u00e1n E, Descal\u00e7o L, Castillo G, Oliveira P, Diogo S (2013) Using Bayesian networks to improve knowledge assessment. Comput Educ 60(1):436\u2013447","journal-title":"Comput Educ"},{"key":"2236_CR36","unstructured":"Moreno F, Carreras A, Moreno M, Royo ER (2005) Using Bayesian networks in the global adaptive e-learning process. In: Proceedings of EUNIS 2005, Manchester, pp 1\u20134"},{"key":"2236_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prokhorov S, Kulikovskikh I (2015) Fuzzy learning performance assessment based on decision making under internal uncertainty. In: Proceedings of the 7th computer science and electronic engineering conference (CEEC), pp 65\u201370","DOI":"10.1109\/CEEC.2015.7332701"},{"issue":"2","key":"2236_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3844\/jcssp.2005.232.243","volume":"1","author":"H Seridi-Bouchelaghem","year":"2005","unstructured":"Seridi-Bouchelaghem H, Sari T, Sellami M (2005) A neural network for generating adaptive lessons. J Comput Sci 1(2):232\u2013243","journal-title":"J Comput Sci"},{"key":"2236_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139049580.004","volume-title":"Adaptive technologies for training and education","author":"VJ Shute","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shute VJ, Zapata-Rivera D (2012) Adaptive educational systems. In: Durlach P (ed) Adaptive technologies for training and education. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 7\u201327"},{"key":"2236_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sripan R, Suksawat B (2010) Propose of fuzzy logic-based students\u2019 learning assessment. In: Proceedings of the international conference on control, automation and systems, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, pp 414\u2013417","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCAS.2010.5669786"},{"key":"2236_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2006.02.023","volume":"32","author":"R Stathacopoulou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stathacopoulou R, Grigoriadou M, Samarakou M, Mitropoulos D (2007) Monitoring students\u2019 actions and using teachers\u2019 expertise in implementing and evaluating the neural network-based fuzzy diagnostic model. Expert Syst Appl 32:955\u2013975","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"2236_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.07.038","volume":"27","author":"M Vandewaetere","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vandewaetere M, Desmet P, Clarebout G (2011) The contribution of learner characteristics in the development of computer-based adaptive learning environments. Comput Hum Behav 27(1):118\u2013130","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"2236_CR43","unstructured":"Venkatesan S, Fragomeni S (2008) Evaluating learning outcomes in PBL using fuzzy logic techniques. In: Proceedings of the 19th annual conference of the Australasian association for engineering education: to industry and beyond. Institution of Engineers, Australia"},{"issue":"4","key":"2236_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2010.2045386","volume":"18","author":"C Wagner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wagner C, Hagras H (2010) Toward general type-2 fuzzy logic systems based on zSlices. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 18(4):637\u2013660","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"2236_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2003.819839","volume":"11","author":"LX Wang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wang LX (2003) The MW method completed: a flexible system approach to data mining. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 11(6):768\u2013782","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"2236_CR46","unstructured":"Xu D, Wang H, Su K (2002) Intelligent student profiling with fuzzy models. In: Proceedings of the 35th Hawaii international conference on system science (HICSS 2002), January, Hawaii, US"},{"key":"2236_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yadav RS, Soni AK, Pal S (2014) A study of academic performance evaluation using Fuzzy logic techniques. In: Proceedings of the international conference on computing for sustainable global development (INDIACom), pp 48\u201353","DOI":"10.1109\/IndiaCom.2014.6828010"},{"issue":"1","key":"2236_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820600733565","volume":"14","author":"V Yannibelli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yannibelli V, Godoy D, Amandi A (2006) A genetic algorithm approach to recognise students\u2019 learning styles. Interact Learn Environ 14(1):55\u201378","journal-title":"Interact Learn Environ"},{"issue":"2","key":"2236_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2003.12.019","volume":"44","author":"S-W Yeh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yeh S-W, Lo J-J (2005) Assessing metacognitive knowledge in web-based CALL: a neural network approach. Comput Educ 44(2):97\u2013113","journal-title":"Comput Educ"},{"key":"2236_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yildiz Z, Baba AF (2014) Evaluation of student performance in laboratory applications using fuzzy decision support system model. In: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE global engineering education conference (EDUCON), pp 1023\u20131027","DOI":"10.1109\/EDUCON.2014.6826230"},{"key":"2236_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao C, Wan L (2006) A shortest learning path selection algorithm in e-learning. In: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE international conference on advanced learning technologies (ICALT), pp 94\u201395","DOI":"10.1109\/ICALT.2006.1652375"}],"container-title":["Soft Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00500-016-2236-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-016-2236-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-016-2236-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-016-2236-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,2]],"date-time":"2022-07-02T09:29:14Z","timestamp":1656754154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00500-016-2236-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2236"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-016-2236-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-7643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]]}}}