{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T16:38:19Z","timestamp":1777739899343,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]],"date-time":"2018-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soft Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-018-3092-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]],"date-time":"2018-03-21T08:49:12Z","timestamp":1521622152000},"page":"7399-7405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["An extended stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) method for improving criteria prioritization process"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Sarfaraz","family":"Hashemkhani Zolfani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Morteza","family":"Yazdani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Edmundas Kazimieras","family":"Zavadskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"3092_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3846\/bjrbe.2014.40","volume":"9","author":"M Bitarafan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bitarafan M, Hashemkhani Zolfani S, Lale Arefi S, Zavadskas EK, Mahmoudzadeh A (2014) Evaluation of real-time intelligent sensors for structural health monitoring of bridges based on SWARA-WASPAS; a case in Iran. Balt J Road Bridge Eng 9(4):333\u2013340","journal-title":"Balt J Road Bridge Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"3092_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3846\/1648-4142.2008.23.183-193","volume":"23","author":"WKM Brauers","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brauers WKM, Zavadskas EK, Peldschus F, Turskis Z (2008) Multi-objective decision-making for road design. Transport 23(3):183\u2013193","journal-title":"Transport"},{"issue":"4","key":"3092_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00933438","volume":"27","author":"ATW Chu","year":"1979","unstructured":"Chu ATW, Kalaba RE, Spingarn K (1979) A comparison of two methods for determining the weights of belonging to fuzzy sets. J Optim Theory Appl 27(4):531\u2013538","journal-title":"J Optim Theory Appl"},{"issue":"3","key":"3092_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.9.3.458","volume":"9","author":"N Dalkey","year":"1963","unstructured":"Dalkey N, Helmer O (1963) An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Manag Sci 9(3):458\u2013467","journal-title":"Manag Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3092_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2013.07.018","volume":"41","author":"X Deng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deng X, Hu Y, Deng Y, Mahadevan S (2014) Supplier selection using AHP methodology extended by D numbers. Expert Syst Appl 41(1):156\u2013167","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"3092_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2013.07.003","volume":"44","author":"B Feng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Feng B, Lai F (2014) Multi-attribute group decision making with aspirations: a case study. Omega 44:136\u2013147","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"1","key":"3092_CR7","first-page":"1111","volume":"28","author":"MR Ghorshi Nezhad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghorshi Nezhad MR, Hashemkhani Zolfani S, Moztarzadeh F, Zavadskas EK, Bahrami M (2015) Planning the priority of high tech industries based on SWARA-WASPAS methodology: the case of the nanotechnology industry in Iran. Econ Res Ekon Istra\u017e 28(1):1111\u20131137","journal-title":"Econ Res Ekon Istra\u017e"},{"issue":"6","key":"3092_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219622011004713","volume":"10","author":"R Ginevicius","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ginevicius R (2011) A new determining method for the criteria weights in multi-criteria evaluation. Int J Inf Technol Decis Mak 10(6):1067\u20131095","journal-title":"Int J Inf Technol Decis Mak"},{"issue":"2","key":"3092_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3846\/1648715X.2015.1004565","volume":"19","author":"R Haghnazar Kouchaksaraei","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haghnazar Kouchaksaraei R, Hashemkhani Zolfani S, Golabchi M (2015) Glasshouse locating based on SWARA-COPRAS approach. Int J Strateg Prop Manag 19(2):111\u2013122","journal-title":"Int J Strateg Prop Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"3092_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.3846\/20294913.2014.881435","volume":"20","author":"S Hashemkhani Zolfani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hashemkhani Zolfani S, Bahrami M (2014) Investment prioritizing in high tech industries based on SWARA-COPRAS approach. Technol Econ Dev Econ 20(3):534\u2013553","journal-title":"Technol Econ Dev Econ"},{"issue":"5","key":"3092_CR11","first-page":"408","volume":"24","author":"S Hashemkhani Zolfani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hashemkhani Zolfani S, Saparauskas J (2013) New application of SWARA method in prioritizing sustainability assessment indicators of energy system. Inzinerine Ekon Eng Econ 24(5):408\u2013414","journal-title":"Inzinerine Ekon Eng Econ"},{"issue":"17","key":"3092_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2013.06.040","volume":"40","author":"S Hashemkhani Zolfani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hashemkhani Zolfani S, Aghdaie MH, Derakhti A, Zavadskas EK, Varzandeh MHM (2013a) Decision making on business issues with foresight perspective; an application of new hybrid MCDM model in shopping mall locating. Expert Syst Appl 40(17):7111\u20137121","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"3092_CR13","first-page":"161","volume":"16","author":"S Hashemkhani Zolfani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hashemkhani Zolfani S, Farrokhzad M, Turskis Z (2013b) Investigating on successful factors of online games based on explorer. E M Ekon Manag 16(2):161\u2013169","journal-title":"E M Ekon Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"3092_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.3846\/16111699.2014.967715","volume":"16","author":"S Hashemkhani Zolfani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hashemkhani Zolfani S, Maknoon R, Zavadskas EK (2015a) Multiple Nash equilibriums and evaluation of strategies; new application of MCDM methods. J Bus Econ Manag 16(2):290\u2013306","journal-title":"J Bus Econ Manag"},{"issue":"5","key":"3092_CR15","first-page":"571","volume":"26","author":"S Hashemkhani Zolfani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hashemkhani Zolfani S, Salimi J, Maknoon R, Kildiene S (2015b) Technology foresight about R&D projects selection; application of SWARA method at the policy making level. Inzinerine Ekon Eng Econ 26(5):571\u2013580","journal-title":"Inzinerine Ekon Eng Econ"},{"key":"3092_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2016.11.002","volume":"57","author":"S Hashemkhani Zolfani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hashemkhani Zolfani S, Pourhossein M, Yazdani M, Zavadskas EK (2018) Evaluating construction projects of hotels based on environmental sustainability with MCDM framework. Alex Eng J. 57:357\u2013365","journal-title":"Alex Eng J."},{"key":"3092_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2014.05.001","volume":"49","author":"A Jessop","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jessop A (2014) IMP: a decision aid for multi-attribute evaluation using imprecise weight estimates. Omega 49:18\u201329","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"2","key":"3092_CR18","first-page":"116","volume":"20","author":"D Karabasevic","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karabasevic D, Stanujkic D, Urosevic S, Maksimovic M (2015) Selection of candidates in the mining industry based on the application of the SWARA and the MULTIMOORA methods. Acta Montan Slovaca 20(2):116\u2013124","journal-title":"Acta Montan Slovaca"},{"issue":"1","key":"3092_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.15388\/Informatica.2016.76","volume":"27","author":"D Karabasevic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karabasevic D, Zavadskas EK, Turskis Z, Stanujkic D (2016a) The framework for the selection of personnel based on the SWARA and ARAS methods under uncertainties. Informatica 27(1):49\u201365","journal-title":"Informatica"},{"issue":"1","key":"3092_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.5937\/sjm11-7877","volume":"11","author":"D Karabasevic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karabasevic D, Paunkovic J, Stanujkic D (2016b) Ranking of companies according to the indicators of corporate social responsibility based on SWARA and ARAS methods. Serbian J Manag 11(1):43\u201353","journal-title":"Serbian J Manag"},{"key":"3092_CR21","volume-title":"Rank correlation methods","author":"MG Kendall","year":"1970","unstructured":"Kendall MG (1970) Rank correlation methods, 4th edn. Griffin, London","edition":"4"},{"issue":"2","key":"3092_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3846\/jbem.2010.12","volume":"11","author":"V Ker\u0161ulien\u0117","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ker\u0161ulien\u0117 V, Zavadskas EK, Turskis Z (2010) Selection of rational dispute resolution method by applying new step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA). J Bus Econ Manag 11(2):243\u2013258","journal-title":"J Bus Econ Manag"},{"issue":"6","key":"3092_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219622014500825","volume":"13","author":"A Krylovas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Krylovas A, Zavadskas EK, Kosareva N, Dadelo S (2014) New KEMIRA method for determining criteria priority and weights in solving MCDM problem. Int J Inf Technol Decis Mak 13(6):1119\u20131134","journal-title":"Int J Inf Technol Decis Mak"},{"key":"3092_CR24","unstructured":"MacCrimon KR (1968) Decision making among multiple attribute alternatives: a survey and consolidated approach, Rand Memorandum, RM-4823-ARPA"},{"key":"3092_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2015.05.013","author":"E Mulliner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mulliner E, Malys N, Maliene V (2015) Comparative analysis of MCDM methods for the assessment of sustainable housing affordability. Omega. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.omega.2015.05.013","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"3092_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2009.09.002","volume":"38","author":"R Ramanathan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ramanathan R, Ramanathan U (2010) A qualitative perspective to deriving weights from pairwise comparison matrices. Omega 38(3\u20134):228\u2013232","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"3092_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2014.11.009","volume":"53","author":"J Rezaei","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rezaei J (2015) Best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method. Omega 53:49\u201357","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"3092_CR28","volume-title":"The analytic hierarchy process: planning, priority setting, resources allocation","author":"TL Saaty","year":"1980","unstructured":"Saaty TL (1980) The analytic hierarchy process: planning, priority setting, resources allocation. McGraw-Hill, London"},{"issue":"7","key":"3092_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.32.7.841","volume":"32","author":"TL Saaty","year":"1986","unstructured":"Saaty TL (1986) Axiomatic foundation of the analytic hierarchy process. Manag Sci 32(7):841\u201355","journal-title":"Manag Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3092_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(90)90057-I","volume":"48","author":"TL Saaty","year":"1990","unstructured":"Saaty TL (1990) How to make a decision: the analytic hierarchy process. Eur J Oper Res 48(1):9\u201326","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3092_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2496(77)90033-5","volume":"15","author":"TL Saaty","year":"1997","unstructured":"Saaty TL (1997) A scaling method for priorities in hierarchical structures. J Math Psychol 15(3):234\u201381","journal-title":"J Math Psychol"},{"key":"3092_CR32","volume-title":"Decision making with dependence and feedback: the analytic network process","author":"TL Saaty","year":"2001","unstructured":"Saaty TL (2001) Decision making with dependence and feedback: the analytic network process. RWS Publications, Pittsburgh"},{"key":"3092_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x","volume":"27","author":"CE Shannon","year":"1948","unstructured":"Shannon CE (1948) A note on the concept of entropy. Bell Syst Technol J 27:379\u2013423","journal-title":"Bell Syst Technol J"},{"issue":"3","key":"3092_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291658","volume":"38","author":"V Srinivasan","year":"1973","unstructured":"Srinivasan V, Shocker AD (1973) Linear programming techniques for multidimensional analysis of preferences. Psychometrika 38(3):337\u2013369","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"2","key":"3092_CR35","first-page":"181","volume":"26","author":"D Stanujkic","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stanujkic D, Karabasevic D, Zavadskas EK (2015) A framework for the Selection of a packaging design based on the SWARA method. Inzinerine Ekon Eng Econ 26(2):181\u2013187","journal-title":"Inzinerine Ekon Eng Econ"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"3092_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0483(92)90003-P","volume":"20","author":"TJ Stewart","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stewart TJ (1992) A critical survey on the status of multiple criteria decision making theory and practice. Omega 20(5\u20136):569\u2013586","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"3","key":"3092_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3846\/bjrbe.2011.19","volume":"6","author":"S Su\u0161inskas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Su\u0161inskas S, Zavadskas EK, Turskis Z (2011) Multiple criteria assessment of pile-columns alternatives. Balt J Road Bridge Eng 6(3):77\u201383","journal-title":"Balt J Road Bridge Eng"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"3092_CR38","first-page":"540","volume":"8","author":"L Ustinovichius","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ustinovichius L (2007) Methods of determining objective, subjective and integrated weights of attributes. Int J Manag Decis Mak 8(5\u20136):540\u2013554","journal-title":"Int J Manag Decis Mak"},{"key":"3092_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2014.05.083","volume":"86","author":"M Vafaeipour","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vafaeipour M, Hashemkhani Zolfani S, Morshed Varzandeh MH, Derakhti A, Eshkalag M Keshavarz (2014) Assessment of regions priority for implementation of solar plants in Iran: new application of a hybrid multi-criteria decision making approach. Energy Convers Manag 86:653\u2013663","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manag"},{"key":"3092_CR40","volume-title":"Utility, probability and human decision making","author":"D Winterfeldt van","year":"1975","unstructured":"van Winterfeldt D, Fischer GW (1975) Multi-attribute utility theory: models and assessment procedures. In: Wendt D, Viek C (eds) Utility, probability and human decision making. Reidel, Dordrecht"},{"key":"3092_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(00)00101-6","volume":"131","author":"X Xu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Xu X (2001) The SIR method: a superiority and inferiority ranking method for multiple criteria decision making. Eur J Oper Res 131:587\u2013602","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"3092_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.3846\/16111699.2016.1165282","volume":"17","author":"M Yazdani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yazdani M, Hashemkhani Zolfani S, Zavadskas EK (2016) New integration of MCDM methods and QFD in the selection of green suppliers. J Bus Econ Manag 17(6):1097\u20131113","journal-title":"J Bus Econ Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"3092_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2014.10.004","volume":"42","author":"XY You","year":"2015","unstructured":"You XY, You JX, Liu HC, Zhen L (2015) Group multi-criteria supplier selection using an extended VIKOR method with interval 2-tuple linguistic information. Expert Syst Appl 42(4):1906\u20131916","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"5","key":"3092_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2005.02.019","volume":"41","author":"EK Zavadskas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zavadskas EK, Vilutien\u0117 T (2006) A multiple criteria evaluation of multi-family apartment block\u2019s maintenance contractors: I-model for maintenance contractor evaluation and the determination of its selection criteria. Build Environ 41(5):621\u2013632","journal-title":"Build Environ"},{"issue":"4","key":"3092_CR45","first-page":"30","volume":"12","author":"EK Zavadskas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zavadskas EK, Ustinovichius L, Turskis Z, Shevchenko G (2008) Application of verbal methods to multi-attribute comparative analysis of investments risk alternatives in construction. Comput Model New Technol 12(4):30\u201337","journal-title":"Comput Model New Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3092_CR46","first-page":"32","volume":"21","author":"EK Zavadskas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zavadskas EK, Turskis Z, Ustinovichius L, Shevchenko G (2010) Attributes weights determining peculiarities in multiple attribute decision making methods. Inzinerine Ekon Eng Econ 21(1):32\u201343","journal-title":"Inzinerine Ekon Eng Econ"}],"container-title":["Soft Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00500-018-3092-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-018-3092-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-018-3092-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T00:27:49Z","timestamp":1553128069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00500-018-3092-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["3092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-018-3092-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-7643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 March 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Sarfaraz Hashemkhani Zolfani declares that he has no conflict of interest. Morteza Yazdani declares that he has no conflict of interest. Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas declares that he has no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This Article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}