{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T06:56:55Z","timestamp":1760597815029,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,27]],"date-time":"2018-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61621528","61773392"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61621528","61773392"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soft Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-018-3170-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,27]],"date-time":"2018-04-27T12:44:53Z","timestamp":1524833093000},"page":"3603-3619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Model-aware categorical data embedding: a data-driven approach"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Wentao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6149-5081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chengzhang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jianglong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xinwang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3170_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2006.06.006","volume":"28","author":"A Ahmad","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ahmad A, Dey L (2007) A method to compute distance between two categorical values of same attribute in unsupervised learning for categorical data set. Pattern Recogn Lett 28(1):110\u2013118","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"issue":"8","key":"3170_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2013.50","volume":"35","author":"Y Bengio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bengio Y, Courville A, Vincent P (2013) Representation learning: A review and new perspectives. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 35(8):1798\u20131828","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"3170_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boriah S, Chandola V, Kumar V (2008) Similarity measures for categorical data: a comparative evaluation. In: SIAM international conference on data mining. SIAM, pp 243\u2013254","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611972788.22"},{"issue":"2","key":"3170_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2014.08.007","volume":"51","author":"L Cao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cao L (2015) Coupling learning of complex interactions. Inf Process Manag 51(2):167\u2013186","journal-title":"Inf Process Manag"},{"issue":"8","key":"3170_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2011.129","volume":"24","author":"L Cao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cao L, Ou Y, Philip SY (2012a) Coupled behavior analysis with applications. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 24(8):1378\u20131392","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"key":"3170_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2011.07.011","volume":"26","author":"F Cao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cao F, Liang J, Li D, Bai L, Dang C (2012b) A dissimilarity measure for the k-modes clustering algorithm. Knowl Based Syst 26:120\u2013127","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"3170_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2017.08.040","volume":"275","author":"W Cao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cao W, Wang X, Ming Z, Gao J (2018) A review on neural networks with random weights. Neurocomputing 275:278\u2013287","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"7","key":"3170_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2003.12.015","volume":"37","author":"V Cheng","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cheng V, Li C-H, Kwok JT, Li C-K (2004) Dissimilarity learning for nominal data. Pattern Recogn 37(7):1471\u20131477","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"8","key":"3170_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2013.01.027","volume":"46","author":"Y-M Cheung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cheung Y-M, Jia H (2013) Categorical-and-numerical-attribute data clustering based on a unified similarity metric without knowing cluster number. Pattern Recogn 46(8):2228\u20132238","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"1","key":"3170_CR10","first-page":"533","volume":"15","author":"M Cuturi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cuturi M, Avis D (2014) Ground metric learning. J Mach Learn Res 15(1):533\u2013564","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3170_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-015-0351-8","volume":"8","author":"S Ding","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ding S, Zhang N, Zhang J, Xinzheng X, Shi Z (2017) Unsupervised extreme learning machine with representational features. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 8(2):587\u2013595","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"issue":"3","key":"3170_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MACH.0000039777.23772.30","volume":"57","author":"T G\u00e4rtner","year":"2004","unstructured":"G\u00e4rtner T, Lloyd JW, Flach PA (2004) Kernels and distances for structured data. Mach Learn 57(3):205\u2013232","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"issue":"4","key":"3170_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.2307\/2528080","volume":"22","author":"DW Goodall","year":"1966","unstructured":"Goodall DW (1966) A new similarity index based on probability. Biometrics 22(4):882\u2013907","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"3170_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grabczewski K, Jankowski N (2003) Transformations of symbolic data for continuous data oriented models. In: Lecture notes in computer science, pp 359\u2013366","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44989-2_43"},{"key":"3170_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He Y, Chen W, Chen Y, Mao Y (2013) Kernel density metric learning. In: 2013 IEEE 13th international conference on data mining (ICDM). IEEE, pp 271\u2013280","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2013.153"},{"issue":"1","key":"3170_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2005.12.126","volume":"70","author":"G-B Huang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Huang G-B, Zhu Q-Y, Siew C-K (2006) Extreme learning machine: theory and applications. Neurocomputing 70(1):489\u2013501","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"2","key":"3170_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2011.2168604","volume":"42","author":"G-B Huang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huang G-B, Zhou H, Ding X (2012) Extreme learning machine for regression and multiclass classification. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part B (Cybernetics) 42(2):513\u2013529","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part B (Cybernetics)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3170_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2133360.2133361","volume":"6","author":"D Ienco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ienco D, Pensa RG, Meo R (2012) From context to distance: learning dissimilarity for categorical data clustering. ACM Trans Knowl Discov Data 6(1):1\u201325","journal-title":"ACM Trans Knowl Discov Data"},{"issue":"Mar","key":"3170_CR19","first-page":"519","volume":"13","author":"P Jain","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jain P, Kulis B, Davis JV, Dhillon IS (2012) Metric and kernel learning using a linear transformation. J Mach Learn Res 13(Mar):519\u2013547","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"3170_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2015.2436432","volume":"27","author":"H Jia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jia H, Cheung Y, Liu J (2016) A new distance metric for unsupervised learning of categorical data. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 27(5):1065\u20131079","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"3170_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729694","volume":"22","author":"S Kullback","year":"1951","unstructured":"Kullback S, Leibler RA (1951) On information and sufficiency. Ann Math Stat 22(1):79\u201386","journal-title":"Ann Math Stat"},{"issue":"16","key":"3170_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2005.06.002","volume":"26","author":"SQ Le","year":"2005","unstructured":"Le SQ, Ho TB (2005) An association-based dissimilarity measure for categorical data. Pattern Recogn Lett 26(16):2549\u20132557","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"key":"3170_CR23","unstructured":"Lim D, Lanckriet G (2014) Efficient learning of mahalanobis metrics for ranking. In: International conference on machine learning, pp 1980\u20131988"},{"key":"3170_CR24","unstructured":"Lim D, Lanckriet GRG, McFee B (2013) Robust structural metric learning. In: International conference on machine learning, pp 615\u2013623"},{"issue":"3","key":"3170_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-016-0592-1","volume":"8","author":"M Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu M, Liu B, Zhang C, Wang W, Sun W (2017) Semi-supervised low rank kernel learning algorithm via extreme learning machine. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 8(3):1039\u20131052","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"key":"3170_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu W, Mu C, Ji R, Ma S, Smith JR, Chang S-F (2015) Low-rank similarity metric learning in high dimensions. In: Twenty-ninth AAAI conference on artificial intelligence, pp 2792\u20132799","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v29i1.9639"},{"issue":"4","key":"3170_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-016-0509-z","volume":"8","author":"W Mao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mao W, Wang J, Xue Z (2017) An elm-based model with sparse-weighting strategy for sequential data imbalance problem. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 8(4):1333\u20131345","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"issue":"3","key":"3170_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.53","volume":"29","author":"M Ng","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ng M, Li MJ, Huang JZ, He Z (2007) On the impact of dissimilarity measure in k-modes clustering algorithm. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 29(3):503\u2013507","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"6","key":"3170_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2014.12.015","volume":"48","author":"S Peng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peng S, Hu Q, Chen Y, Dang J (2015) Improved support vector machine algorithm for heterogeneous data. Pattern Recogn 48(6):2072\u20132083","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"3170_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi Y, Li W, Sha F (2016) Metric learning for ordinal data. In: Thirtieth AAAI conference on artificial intelligence. AAAI Press, pp 2030\u20132036","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v30i1.10280"},{"issue":"12","key":"3170_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1145\/7902.7906","volume":"29","author":"C Stanfill","year":"1986","unstructured":"Stanfill C, Waltz D (1986) Toward memory-based reasoning. Commun ACM 29(12):1213\u20131228","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"issue":"Nov","key":"3170_CR32","first-page":"2579","volume":"9","author":"L Maaten van der","year":"2008","unstructured":"van der Maaten L, Hinton G (2008) Visualizing data using t-sne. J Mach Learn Res 9(Nov):2579\u20132605","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"3170_CR33","volume-title":"Statistical learning theory","author":"VN Vapnik","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vapnik VN (1998) Statistical learning theory, vol 1. Wiley, New York"},{"key":"3170_CR34","unstructured":"Wang C, She Z, Cao L (2013) Coupled attribute analysis on numerical data. In: Twenty-third international joint conference on artificial intelligence, pp 1736\u20131742"},{"issue":"4","key":"3170_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2014.2325872","volume":"26","author":"C Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang C, Dong X, Zhou F, Cao L, Chi CH (2015) Coupled attribute similarity learning on categorical data. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 26(4):781","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst"},{"issue":"Feb","key":"3170_CR36","first-page":"207","volume":"10","author":"KQ Weinberger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weinberger KQ, Saul LK (2009) Distance metric learning for large margin nearest neighbor classification. J Mach Learn Res 10(Feb):207\u2013244","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3170_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.346","volume":"6","author":"RD Wilson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wilson RD, Martinez TR (1997) Improved heterogeneous distance functions. J Artif Intell Res 6(1):1\u201334","journal-title":"J Artif Intell Res"},{"key":"3170_CR38","unstructured":"Xie J, Szymanski BK, Zaki MJ (2013) Learning dissimilarities for categorical symbols. In: JMLR: workshop on feature selection in data mining. JMLR.org, pp 2228\u20132238"},{"key":"3170_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue J, Zhou SH, Liu Q, Liu X, Yin J (2017) Financial time series prediction using l2, 1rf-elm. Neurocomputing 277:176\u2013186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2017.04.076"},{"key":"3170_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xue J, Liu Q, Li M, Liu X, Ye Y, Wang S, Yin J (2018) Incremental multiple kernel extreme learning machine and its application in Robo-advisors. Soft Computing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-018-3031-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-018-3031-2"},{"key":"3170_CR41","unstructured":"Ye H-J, Zhan D-C, Jiang Y (2016) Instance specific metric subspace learning: a bayesian approach. In: Thirtieth AAAI conference on artificial intelligence, pp 2272\u20132278"},{"issue":"Jan","key":"3170_CR42","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"Y Ying","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ying Y, Li P (2012) Distance metric learning with eigenvalue optimization. J Mach Learn Res 13(Jan):1\u201326","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3170_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-015-0478-7","volume":"8","author":"J Zhai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhai J, Zhang S, Wang C (2017) The classification of imbalanced large data sets based on mapreduce and ensemble of elm classifiers. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 8(3):1009\u20131017","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"key":"3170_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang K, Wang Q, Chen Z, Marsic I, Kumar V, Jiang G, Zhang J (2015) From categorical to numerical: Multiple transitive distance learning and embedding. In: SIAM international conference on data mining. SIAM, pp 46\u201354","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611974010.6"},{"key":"3170_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhu C, Cao L, Liu Q, Yin J, Kumar V (2018) Heterogeneous metric learning of categorical data with hierarchical couplings. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TKDE.2018.2791525","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2018.2791525"}],"container-title":["Soft Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00500-018-3170-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-018-3170-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-018-3170-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T05:09:08Z","timestamp":1661058548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00500-018-3170-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,27]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3170"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-018-3170-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1432-7643"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1433-7479"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 April 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}