{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T19:14:25Z","timestamp":1770491665344,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632960000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soft Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-021-06282-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T08:12:09Z","timestamp":1632989529000},"page":"14715-14728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["On the binarization of Grey Wolf optimizer: a novel binary optimizer algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9843-5886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdy","family":"Roayaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"6282_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-018-3375-7","volume":"31","author":"M Abdel-Basset","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abdel-Basset M, El-Shahat D, El-Henawy I (2019) Solving 0\u20131 knapsack problem by binary flower pollination algorithm. Neural Comput Appl 31(9):5477\u20135495","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"6282_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2021.107250","volume":"157","author":"L Abualigah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abualigah L, Yousri D, Abd Elaziz M, Ewees AA, Al-qaness MA, Gandomi AH (2021) Aquila optimizer: a novel Meta-Heuristic optimization algorithm. Comput Ind Eng 157:107250","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"6282_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abualigah L, Diabat A (2021) Advances in sine cosine algorithm: a comprehensive survey. Artif Intell Rev 1\u201342","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-020-09909-3"},{"key":"6282_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2020.113609","volume":"376","author":"L Abualigah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abualigah L, Diabat A, Mirjalili S, Abd Elaziz M, Gandomi AH (2021) The arithmetic optimization algorithm. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 376:113609","journal-title":"Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng"},{"key":"6282_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-10674-4","volume-title":"Feature selection and enhanced krill herd algorithm for text document clustering","author":"L Abualigah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abualigah L (2019) Feature selection and enhanced krill herd algorithm for text document clustering. Springer, Berlin, pp 1\u2013165"},{"key":"6282_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39496","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2906757","volume":"7","author":"Q Al-Tashi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Tashi Q, Kadir SJA, Rais HM, Mirjalili S, Alhussian H (2019) Binary optimization using hybrid grey wolf optimization for feature selection. IEEE Access 7:39496\u201339508","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"6282_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106247","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3000040","volume":"8","author":"Q Al-Tashi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Tashi Q, Abdulkadir SJ, Rais HM, Mirjalili S, Alhussian H, Ragab MG, Alqushaibi A (2020) Binary Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer for Feature Selection in Classification. IEEE Access 8:106247\u2013106263","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"6282_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arora A, Galhotra S, Ranu S (2017) Debunking the myths of influence maximization: An in-depth benchmarking study. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM international conference on management of data (pp 651-666)","DOI":"10.1145\/3035918.3035924"},{"key":"6282_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bello R, Gomez Y, Nowe A, Garcia MM (2007) October. Two-step particle swarm optimization to solve the feature selection problem. In Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA 2007) (pp 691-696). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ISDA.2007.101"},{"key":"6282_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-020-01760-2","author":"HA Beni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beni HA, Bouyer A (2020) TI-SC: top-k influential nodes selection based on community detection and scoring criteria in social networks. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12652-020-01760-2","journal-title":"J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput"},{"key":"6282_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhattacharjee K K, Sarmah S P (2015) A binary firefly algorithm for knapsack problems. In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) (pp 73-77). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEM.2015.7385611"},{"issue":"9","key":"6282_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3469","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-018-1071-1","volume":"10","author":"HR Boveiri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boveiri HR, Khayami R, Elhoseny M, Gunasekaran M (2019) An efficient Swarm-Intelligence approach for task scheduling in cloud-based internet of things applications. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 10(9):3469\u20133479","journal-title":"J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput"},{"key":"6282_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bucur D, Iacca G (2016) Influence maximization in social networks with genetic algorithms. In European conference on the applications of evolutionary computation (pp 379-392). Springer, Cham","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-31204-0_25"},{"key":"6282_CR14","unstructured":"Cao D (2020) GraphMotifParameters. https:\/\/alg-git.informatik.uni-kl.de\/Dai\/GraphMotifParameters"},{"issue":"16","key":"6282_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-019-04368-6","volume":"32","author":"H Chantar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chantar H, Mafarja M, Alsawalqah H, Heidari AA, Aljarah I, Faris H (2020) Feature selection using binary grey wolf optimizer with elite-based crossover for Arabic text classification. Neural Comput Appl 32(16):12201\u201312220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-019-04368-6","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"issue":"11","key":"6282_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350078","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129183113500782","volume":"24","author":"MO Da Silva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Da Silva MO, Gimenez-Lugo GA, Da Silva MV (2013) Vertex cover in complex networks. Int J Mod Phys C 24(11):1350078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S0129183113500782","journal-title":"Int J Mod Phys C"},{"key":"6282_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Devanathan K, Ganapathy N, Swaminathan R (2019) Binary Grey Wolf Optimizer based Feature Selection for Nucleolar and Centromere Staining Pattern Classification in Indirect Immunofluorescence Images. In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) (pp. 7040-7043)","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2019.8856872"},{"key":"6282_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107635","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3001151","volume":"8","author":"ESM El-Kenawy","year":"2020","unstructured":"El-Kenawy ESM, Eid MM, Saber M, Ibrahim A (2020) MbGWO-SFS: Modified binary grey wolf optimizer based on stochastic fractal search for feature selection. IEEE Access 8:107635\u2013107649","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"6282_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.114648","volume":"173","author":"E El-Shafeiy","year":"2021","unstructured":"El-Shafeiy E, Sallam KM, Chakrabortty RK, Abohany AA (2021) A clustering based Swarm Intelligence optimization technique for the Internet of Medical Things. Exp Syst Appl 173:114648","journal-title":"Exp Syst Appl"},{"key":"6282_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2015.06.083","volume":"172","author":"E Emary","year":"2016","unstructured":"Emary E, Zawbaa HM, Hassanien AE (2016) Binary grey wolf optimization approaches for feature selection. Neurocomput 172:371\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucom.2015.06.083","journal-title":"Neurocomput"},{"issue":"2","key":"6282_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-017-3272-5","volume":"30","author":"H Faris","year":"2018","unstructured":"Faris H, Aljarah I, Al-Betar MA, Mirjalili S (2018) Grey wolf optimizer: a review of recent variants and applications. Neural Comput Appl 30(2):413\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-017-3272-5","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"6282_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fomin F V, Kratsch D, Woeginger G J (2004) Exact (exponential) algorithms for the dominating set problem. In International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science (pp 245-256). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30559-0_21"},{"key":"6282_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2020.105746","author":"P Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu P, Pan JS, Chu SC (2020) Improved Binary Grey Wolf Optimizer and Its application for feature selection. Knowl-Based Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knosys.2020.105746","journal-title":"Knowl-Based Syst"},{"issue":"17","key":"6282_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2011.03.034","volume":"74","author":"MM Kabir","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kabir MM, Shahjahan M, Murase K (2011) A new local search based hybrid genetic algorithm for feature selection. Neurocomput 74(17):2914\u20132928","journal-title":"Neurocomput"},{"issue":"5","key":"6282_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.11.103","volume":"39","author":"H Katagiri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Katagiri H, Hayashida T, Nishizaki I, Guo Q (2012) A hybrid algorithm based on tabu search and ant colony optimization for k-minimum spanning tree problems. Exp Syst Appl 39(5):5681\u20135686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.11.103","journal-title":"Exp Syst Appl"},{"key":"6282_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaya Y (2018) Feature selection using binary cuckoo search algorithm. In 2018 26th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU) (pp. 1-4). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/SIU.2018.8404843"},{"key":"6282_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocs.2015.03.011","volume":"8","author":"GM Komaki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Komaki GM, Kayvanfar V (2015) Grey Wolf Optimizer algorithm for the two-stage assembly flow shop scheduling problem with release time. J Comput Sci 8:109\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocs.2015.03.011","journal-title":"J Comput Sci"},{"issue":"39","key":"6282_CR28","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"A Kumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kumar A, Khorwal R, Chaudhary S (2016) A survey on sentiment analysis using swarm intelligence. Indian J Sci Technol 9(39):1\u20137","journal-title":"Indian J Sci Technol"},{"key":"6282_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.12.069","volume":"385","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu J, Sun T, Luo Y, Yang S, Cao Y, Zhai J (2020) Echo state network optimization using binary grey wolf algorithm. Neurocomput 385:310\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.12.069","journal-title":"Neurocomput"},{"issue":"2","key":"6282_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-03939-y","volume":"24","author":"W Long","year":"2020","unstructured":"Long W, Cai S, Jiao J, Tang M (2020) An efficient and robust grey wolf optimizer algorithm for large-scale numerical optimization. Soft Comput 24(2):997\u20131026","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"6282_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2019.105645","volume":"83","author":"K Luo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luo K, Zhao Q (2019) A binary grey wolf optimizer for the multidimensional knapsack problem. Appl Soft Comput 83:105645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2019.105645","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"6282_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.2174\/1574362411666160607084415","volume":"11","author":"SP Manikandan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Manikandan SP, Manimegalai R, Hariharan MJCSTT (2016) Gene Selection from microarray data using binary grey wolf algorithm for classifying acute leukemia. Curr Signal Transduct Therap 11(2):76\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1574362411666160607084415","journal-title":"Curr Signal Transduct Therap"},{"key":"6282_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2013.12.007","volume":"69","author":"S Mirjalili","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mirjalili S, Mirjalili SM, Lewis A (2014) Grey wolf optimizer. Adv Eng Softw 69:46\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2013.12.007","journal-title":"Grey wolf optimizer. Adv Eng Softw"},{"key":"6282_CR34","unstructured":"Moll M (2018) GEPHI Datasets. https:\/\/github.com\/gephi\/gephi\/wiki\/Datasets"},{"key":"6282_CR35","unstructured":"Ortega J (2020) 0\/1 Knapsack Datasets. http:\/\/artemisa.unicauca.edu.co\/~johnyortega\/instances_01_KP"},{"issue":"8","key":"6282_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-018-3665-0","volume":"23","author":"RS Rao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rao RS, Malathi PJSC (2019) A novel PTS: grey wolf optimizer-based PAPR reduction technique in OFDM scheme for high-speed wireless applications. Soft Comput 23(8):2701\u20132712","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"6282_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rebello G, de Oliveira E J (2020) Modified Binary Grey Wolf Optimizer. In Frontier Applications of Nature Inspired Computation (pp 148-179). Springer, Singapore","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-2133-1_7"},{"key":"6282_CR38","unstructured":"Roayaei M (2020) SetGWO. https:\/\/github.com\/mroayaei\/SetGWO.git"},{"key":"6282_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2016.12.022","volume":"52","author":"A Sahoo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sahoo A, Chandra S (2017) Multi-objective grey wolf optimizer for improved cervix lesion classification. Appl Soft Comput 52:64\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2016.12.022","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"6282_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jr Santana, Clodomir J et al (2019) A novel binary artificial bee colony algorithm. Futur Genera Comput Syst 98:180\u2013196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.03.032"},{"key":"6282_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schranz M, Di Caro GA, Schmickl T, Elmenreich W, Arvin F, \u015eekercio\u01e7lu A, Sende M (2021) Swarm intelligence and cyber-physical systems: concepts, challenges and future trends. Swarm Evolut Comput 60:100762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2020.100762"},{"issue":"1","key":"6282_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s13748-018-0154-8","volume":"8","author":"M Sharma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharma M, Singh G, Singh R (2019) A review of different cost-based distributed query optimizers. Progress Artif Intell 8(1):45\u201362","journal-title":"Progress Artif Intell"},{"key":"6282_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2020.105609","volume":"196","author":"M Sharma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharma M, Sharma S, Singh G (2020) Remote monitoring of physical and mental state of 2019-nCoV victims using social internet of things, fog and soft computing techniques. Computer methods and programs in biomedicine 196:105609","journal-title":"Computer methods and programs in biomedicine"},{"key":"6282_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sopto DS, Ayon SI, Akhand MAH, Siddique N (2018) Modified Grey Wolf Optimization to Solve Traveling Salesman Problem. In 2018 International Conference on Innovation in Engineering and Technology (ICIET) (pp. 1-4)","DOI":"10.1109\/CIET.2018.8660872"},{"key":"6282_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2018.11.047","volume":"76","author":"Q Tu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tu Q, Chen X, Liu X (2019) Multi-strategy ensemble grey wolf optimizer and its application to feature selection. Appl Soft Comput 76:16\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2018.11.047","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"6282_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.112971","volume":"142","author":"A Zareie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zareie A, Sheikhahmadi A, Jalili M (2020) Identification of influential users in social network using gray wolf optimization algorithm. Exp Syst Appl 142:112971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.112971","journal-title":"Exp Syst Appl"},{"issue":"5","key":"6282_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-020-09739-z","volume":"12","author":"N Zemmal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zemmal N, Azizi N, Sellami M, Cheriguene S, Ziani A, AlDwairi M, Dendani N (2020) Particle swarm optimization based swarm intelligence for active learning improvement: Application on medical data classification. Cognit Comput 12(5):991\u20131010","journal-title":"Cognit Comput"},{"key":"6282_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2016.05.015","volume":"99","author":"S Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang S, Zhou Y, Li Z, Pan W (2016) Grey wolf optimizer for unmanned combat aerial vehicle path planning. Adv Eng Softw 99:121\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2016.05.015","journal-title":"Adv Eng Softw"}],"container-title":["Soft Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-021-06282-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00500-021-06282-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-021-06282-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T18:22:19Z","timestamp":1635186139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00500-021-06282-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-021-06282-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-7643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 September 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}