{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T18:47:41Z","timestamp":1784659661047,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soft Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-022-07644-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T18:02:56Z","timestamp":1670522576000},"page":"2873-2902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Group decision-making based on 2-tuple linguistic T-spherical fuzzy COPRAS method"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Sumera","family":"Naz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Akram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamoona","family":"Muzammal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"7644_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akram M, Khan A, Borumand Saeid A (2020a) Complex pythagorean Dombi fuzzy operators using aggregation operators and their decision-making. Expert Syst 38(2):e12626","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.12626"},{"key":"7644_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akram M, Alsulami S, Khan A, Karaaslan F (2020b) Multi-criteria group decision-making using spherical fuzzy prioritized weighted aggregation operators. Int J Comput Intell Syst 13(1):1429\u20131446","DOI":"10.2991\/ijcis.d.200908.001"},{"key":"7644_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akram M, Naz S, Edalatpanah SA, Mehreen R (2021a) Group decision-making framework under linguistic $$q$$-rung orthopair fuzzy Einstein models. Soft Comput 25(15):10309\u201310334","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-021-05771-9"},{"key":"7644_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akram M, Sattar A, Peng X (2021b) A new decision making model using complex intuitionistic fuzzy Hamacher aggregation operators. Soft Comput 25(10):7059\u20137086","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-021-05658-9"},{"key":"7644_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akram M, Kahraman C, Zahid K (2021c) Group decision-making based on complex spherical fuzzy VIKOR approach. Knowl Based Syst 216:106793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2021.106793"},{"key":"7644_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-022-07081-0","author":"M Akram","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akram M, Naz S, Feng F, Shafiq A (2022) Assessment of hydropower plants in Pakistan: Muirhead mean-based 2-tuple linguistic $$T$$-spherical fuzzy model combining SWARA with COPRAS. Arab J Sci Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13369-022-07081-0","journal-title":"Arab J Sci Eng"},{"issue":"16","key":"7644_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10771","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-021-05945-5","volume":"25","author":"M Akran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akran M, Kahraman C, Zahid K (2021) Extension of TOPSIS model to the decision making under complex spherical fuzzy information. Soft Comput 25(16):10771\u201310795","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"7644_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1002\/int.22062","volume":"34","author":"S Ashraf","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ashraf S, Abdullah S (2019) Spherical aggregation operators and their application in multiattribute group decision-making. Int J Intell Syst 34(3):493\u2013523","journal-title":"Int J Intell Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"7644_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6089","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-181941","volume":"36","author":"S Ashraf","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ashraf S, Abdullah S, Aslam M, Qiyas M, Kutbi MA (2019) Spherical fuzzy sets and its representation of spherical fuzzy t-norms and t-conorms. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 36(6):6089\u20136102","journal-title":"J Intell Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"7","key":"7644_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-019-01333-y","volume":"11","author":"S Ashraf","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ashraf S, Abdullah S, Mahmood T (2020) Spherical fuzzy Dombi aggregation operators and their application in group decision making problems. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 11(7):2731\u20132749","journal-title":"J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"7644_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(86)80034-3","volume":"20","author":"KT Atanassov","year":"1986","unstructured":"Atanassov KT (1986) Intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Fuzzy Sets Syst 20(1):87\u201396","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"issue":"5","key":"7644_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2019.2907673","volume":"68","author":"G Buyukozkan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Buyukozkan G, Gocer F (2019) A novel approach integrating AHP and COPRAS under Pythagorean fuzzy sets for digital supply chain partner selection. IEEE Trans Eng Manage 68(5):1486\u20131503","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Eng Manage"},{"issue":"4","key":"7644_CR13","first-page":"409","volume":"30","author":"BC Cuong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cuong BC, Kreinovich V (2014) Picture fuzzy sets. J Comput Sci Cybern 30(4):409\u2013420","journal-title":"J Comput Sci Cybern"},{"key":"7644_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2019.103259","volume":"87","author":"AP Darko","year":"2020","unstructured":"Darko AP, Liang D (2020) Some $$q$$-rung orthopair fuzzy Hamacher aggregation operators and their application to multiple attribute group decision making with modified EDAS method. Eng Appl Artif Intell 87:103259","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"issue":"4","key":"7644_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1080\/0952813X.2019.1579258","volume":"31","author":"X Deng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deng X, Wang J, Wei G (2019) Some 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean Heronian mean operators and their application to multiple attribute decision-making. J Exp Theor Artif Intell 31(4):555\u2013574","journal-title":"J Exp Theor Artif Intell"},{"issue":"2","key":"7644_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-172252","volume":"36","author":"Y Dorfeshan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dorfeshan Y, Mousavi SM (2019) A group TOPSIS-COPRAS methodology with Pythagorean fuzzy sets considering weights of experts for project critical path problem. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 36(2):1375\u20131387","journal-title":"J Intell Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"7644_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-181401","volume":"36","author":"FK G\u00fcndogdu","year":"2019","unstructured":"G\u00fcndogdu FK, Kahraman C (2019) Spherical fuzzy sets and spherical fuzzy TOPSIS method. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 36(1):337\u2013352","journal-title":"J Intell Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"7644_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera F, Martinez L (2000a) A 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic representation model for computing with words. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 8(6):746\u2013752","DOI":"10.1109\/91.890332"},{"key":"7644_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera F, Martinez L (2000b) An approach for combining linguistic and numerical information based on the 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic representation model in decision-making. Int J Uncertain Fuzz Knowl Based Syst 8(05):539\u2013562","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218488500000381"},{"issue":"1","key":"7644_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1002\/int.22205","volume":"35","author":"Y Ju","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ju Y, Wang A, Ma J, Gao H, Santibanez Gonzalez ED (2020) Some $$q$$-rung orthopair fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic Muirhead mean aggregation operators and their applications to multiple-attribute group decision making. Int J Intell Syst 35(1):184\u2013213","journal-title":"Int J Intell Syst"},{"key":"7644_CR21","unstructured":"Kahraman C, G\u00fcndogdu FK, (2018) From 1D to 3D membership: spherical fuzzy sets, BOS, SOR. Polish Operational and Systems Research Society, September 24th\u201326th 2018. Palais Staszic, Warsaw, Poland"},{"key":"7644_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kahraman C, G\u00fcndogdu FK, Onar SC, Oztaysi B (2019) Hospital location selection using spherical fuzzy TOPSIS. In: In 11th Conference of the European society for fuzzy logic and technology (EUSFLAT 2019), Atlantis Press","DOI":"10.2991\/eusflat-19.2019.12"},{"key":"7644_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2019.103295","volume":"87","author":"P Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu P, Zhu B, Wang P, Shen M (2020) An approach based on linguistic spherical fuzzy sets for public evaluation of shared bicycles in China. Eng Appl Artif Intell 87:103295","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"7644_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-021-01425-2","volume":"13","author":"P Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu P, Naz S, Akram M, Muzammal M (2022) Group decision-making analysis based on linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy generalized point weighted aggregation operators. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 13:883\u2013906","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"issue":"11","key":"7644_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7041","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-018-3521-2","volume":"31","author":"T Mahmood","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mahmood T, Ullah K, Khan Q, Jan N (2019) An approach toward decision-making and medical diagnosis problems using the concept of spherical fuzzy sets. Neural Comput Appl 31(11):7041\u20137053","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"issue":"3","key":"7644_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s41066-018-0103-8","volume":"4","author":"AR Mishra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mishra AR, Rani P, Pardasani KR (2019) Multiple-criteria decision-making for service quality selection based on Shapley COPRAS method under hesitant fuzzy sets. Granul Comput 4(3):435\u2013449","journal-title":"Granul Comput"},{"issue":"19","key":"7644_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-020-04819-6","volume":"24","author":"J Mo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mo J, Huang HL (2020) Archimedean geometric Heronian mean aggregation operators based on dual hesitant fuzzy set and their application to multiple attribute decision making. Soft Comput 24(19):14721\u201314733","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"7644_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naz S, Akram M, Muhiuddin G, Shafiq A (2022a) Modified EDAS method for MAGDM based on MSM operators with 2-tuple linguistic-spherical fuzzy sets. Math Probl Eng 2022:1\u201334","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5075998"},{"key":"7644_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naz S, Akram M, Saeid AB, Saadat A (2022b) Models for MAGDM with dual hesitant q-rung orthopair fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic MSM operators and their application to COVID-19 pandemic. Expert Syst 39(8):e13005","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.13005"},{"key":"7644_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naz S, Akram M, Al-Shamiri MA, Khalaf MM, Yousaf G (2022c) A new MAGDM method with 2-tuple linguistic bipolar fuzzy Heronian mean operators. Math Biosci Eng 19:3843\u20133878","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2022177"},{"key":"7644_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rong Y, Liu Y, Pei Z (2020a) Complex $$q$$-rung orthopair fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic Maclaurin symmetric mean operators and its application to emergency program selection. Int J Intell Syst 35(11):1749\u20131790","DOI":"10.1002\/int.22271"},{"key":"7644_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rong Y, Pei Z, Liu Y (2020b) Hesitant fuzzy linguistic Hamy mean aggregation operators and their application to linguistic multiple attribute decision-making. Math Probl Eng 2020:1\u201322","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3262618"},{"key":"7644_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullah K, Mahmood T, Garg H (2020) Evaluation of the performance of search and rescue robots using $$T$$-spherical fuzzy Hamacher aggregation operators. Int J Fuzzy Syst 22(2):570\u2013582","DOI":"10.1007\/s40815-020-00803-2"},{"key":"7644_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang L, Garg H, Li N (2019a) Interval-valued q-rung orthopair 2-tuple linguistic aggregation operators and their applications to decision making process. IEEE Access 7:131962\u2013131977","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2938706"},{"key":"7644_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhang R, Zhu X, Zhou Z, Shang X, Li W (2019b) Some $$q$$-rung orthopair fuzzy Muirhead means with their application to multi-attribute group decision making. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 36(2):1599\u20131614","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-18607"},{"issue":"22","key":"7644_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11627","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-018-03712-7","volume":"23","author":"Y Xing","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xing Y, Zhang R, Zhou Z, Wang J (2019) Some $$q$$-rung orthopair fuzzy point weighted aggregation operators for multi-attribute decision making. Soft Comput 23(22):11627\u201311649","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"7644_CR37","first-page":"417","volume":"35","author":"ZS Xu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xu ZS, Yager RR (2006) Some geometric aggregation operators based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Int J Intell Syst 35:417\u2013433","journal-title":"Int J Intell Syst"},{"key":"7644_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1109\/21.87068","volume":"18","author":"RR Yager","year":"1988","unstructured":"Yager RR (1988) On ordered weighted averaging aggregation operators in multi-criteria decision making. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 18:183\u2013190","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern"},{"key":"7644_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2013.2278989","volume":"22","author":"RR Yager","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yager RR (2014) Pythagorean membership grades in multi-criteria decision-making. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 22:958\u2013965","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"5","key":"7644_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2016.2604005","volume":"26","author":"RR Yager","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yager RR (2016) Generalized orthopair fuzzy sets. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 26(5):1222\u20131230","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"7644_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","volume":"8","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zadeh LA (1965) Fuzzy sets. Inf Control 8(3):338\u2013353","journal-title":"Inf Control"},{"key":"7644_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2022.108525","volume":"243","author":"K Zahid","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zahid K, Akram M, Kahraman C (2022) A new ELECTRE-based method for group decision-making with complex spherical fuzzy information. Knowl Based Syst 243:108525","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"7644_CR43","first-page":"131","volume":"1","author":"EK Zavadskas","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zavadskas EK, Kaklauskas A, Sarka V (1994) The new method of multicriteria complex proportional assessment of projects. Technol Econ Dev Econ 1(3):131\u2013139","journal-title":"Technol Econ Dev Econ"},{"key":"7644_CR44","first-page":"1","volume":"2020","author":"S Zeng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zeng S, Munir M, Mahmood T, Naeem M (2020) Some $$T$$-Spherical fuzzy Einstein interactive aggregation operators and their application to selection of photovoltaic cells. Math Probl Eng 2020:1\u201316","journal-title":"Math Probl Eng"},{"key":"7644_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2018.04.035","volume":"69","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Xu Z, He Y, Liao H (2018) Severity assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on hesitant fuzzy linguistic COPRAS method. Appl Soft Comput 69:60\u201371","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"}],"container-title":["Soft Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-022-07644-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00500-022-07644-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-022-07644-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]],"date-time":"2023-02-25T13:16:53Z","timestamp":1677331013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00500-022-07644-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["7644"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-022-07644-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-7643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 November 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}