{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T03:52:14Z","timestamp":1773805934760,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Minufiya University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soft Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>In this article, we introduce the notion of the complementary soft neighborhood and present three kinds of covering soft rough set ($$\\mathcal {CSR}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n CSR<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>) models. The basic properties of these models are investigated. The relationships among these models are also discussed. Moreover, we establish the topological approach to $$\\mathcal {CSR}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n CSR<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> say, $$\\varDelta $$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \u0394<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-topological spaces (i.e., $$\\varDelta $$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \u0394<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-TS<\/jats:italic>). Hence, the topological properties for $$\\varDelta $$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \u0394<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-TS<\/jats:italic> models such as $$\\varDelta $$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \u0394<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-open sets, $$\\varDelta $$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \u0394<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-closed sets, $$\\varDelta $$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \u0394<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-interior, $$\\varDelta $$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \u0394<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-closure, $$\\varDelta $$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \u0394<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-boundary, $$\\varDelta $$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \u0394<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-neighborhood and $$\\varDelta $$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \u0394<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-limit point are studied and the relationships between them are given. Finally, we make use of an algorithm for these proposed models to deal with uncertainties for solving the MGDM problems using the constructed topologies.\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-023-07812-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T18:02:43Z","timestamp":1673978563000},"page":"4451-4461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Covering soft rough sets and its topological properties with application"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9439-3404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Atef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shokry","family":"Nada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Nawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"7812_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.3390\/math8050672","volume":"8","author":"JCR Alcantud","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alcantud JCR (2020) Soft open bases and a novel construction of soft topologies from bases for topologies. Mathematics 8(5):672","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"7812_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-020-04987-5","volume":"24","author":"JCR Alcantud","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alcantud JCR, Zhan J (2020) Multi-granular soft rough covering sets. Soft Comput 24:9391\u20139402","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"issue":"4","key":"7812_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2011.01.003","volume":"11","author":"MI Ali","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ali MI (2011) A note on soft sets, rough sets and fuzzy soft sets. Appl Soft Comput 11(4):3329\u20133332","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"7812_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4515","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-200482","volume":"39","author":"M Atef","year":"2020","unstructured":"Atef M, Khalil AM, Li SG, Azzam A, El Atik AA (2020) Comparison of six types of rough approximations based on j-neighborhood space and j-adhesion neighborhood space. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 39:4515\u20134531","journal-title":"J Intell Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"7812_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-0255(97)10046-9","volume":"107","author":"Z Bonikowski","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bonikowski Z, Bryniarski E, Wybraniec-Skardowska U (1998) Extensions and intentions in rough set theory. Inf Sci 107:149\u2013167","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"7812_CR6","first-page":"223","volume":"108","author":"I Couso","year":"2011","unstructured":"Couso I, Dubois D (2011) Rough sets, coverings and incomplete information. Fund Inform 108(3\u20134):223\u2013247","journal-title":"Fund Inform"},{"key":"7812_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2016.04.003","volume":"312","author":"L D\u2019eer","year":"2017","unstructured":"D\u2019eer L, Cornelis C, Godo L (2017) Fuzzy neighborhood operators based on fuzzy coverings. Fuzzy Sets Syst 312:17\u201335","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"key":"7812_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2006.11.013","volume":"177","author":"T Deng","year":"2007","unstructured":"Deng T, Chen Y, Xu W, Dai Q (2007) A novel approach to fuzzy rough sets based on a fuzzy covering. Inf Sci 177:2308\u20132326","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"7812_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/03081079008935107","volume":"17","author":"D Dubois","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dubois D, Prade H (1990) Rough fuzzy sets and fuzzy rough sets. Int J Gen Syst 17(2\u20133):191\u2013201","journal-title":"Int J Gen Syst"},{"key":"7812_CR10","first-page":"1025","volume":"6","author":"AA El Atik","year":"2021","unstructured":"El Atik AA, Nawar AS, Atef M (2021) Rough approximation models via graphs based on neighborhood systems, Granular. Computing 6:1025\u20131035","journal-title":"Computing"},{"issue":"1","key":"7812_CR11","first-page":"69","volume":"2","author":"F Feng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Feng F (2011) Soft rough sets applied to multi-criteria group decision making. Ann Fuzzy Math Inform 2(1):69\u201380","journal-title":"Ann Fuzzy Math Inform"},{"issue":"9","key":"7812_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-009-0465-6","volume":"14","author":"F Feng","year":"2010","unstructured":"Feng F, Li C, Davvaz B, Ali MI (2010) Soft sets combined with fuzzy sets and rough sets: a tentative approach. Soft Comput 14(9):899\u2013911","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"issue":"6","key":"7812_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2010.11.004","volume":"181","author":"F Feng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Feng F, Liu XY, Leoreanu-Fotea V, Jun YB (2011) Soft sets and soft rough sets. Inf Sci 181(6):1125\u20131137","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"7812_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2009.12.003","volume":"23","author":"T Herawan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Herawan T, Deris M, Abawajy J (2010) Rough set approach for selecting clustering attribute. Knowl-Based Syst 23:220\u2013231","journal-title":"Knowl-Based Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"7812_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2010.01.004","volume":"51","author":"Q Hu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hu Q, Zhang L, Chen D, Pedrycz W, Yu D (2010) Gaussian kernel based fuzzy rough sets: model, uncertainty measures and applications. Int J Approx Reason 51(4):453\u2013471","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"issue":"7","key":"7812_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2011.05.001","volume":"52","author":"KY Huang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Huang KY, Chang T-H, Chang T-C (2011) Determination of the threshold value $$\\beta $$ of variable precision rough set by fuzzy algorithms. Int J Approx Reason 52(7):1056\u20131072","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"issue":"12","key":"7812_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2004.96","volume":"16","author":"R Jensen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jensen R, Shen Q (2004) Semantics-preserving dimensionality reduction: rough and fuzzy-rough-based approaches. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 16(12):1457\u20131471","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"key":"7812_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-013-1108-5","volume":"18","author":"Z Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li Z, Xie T (2014) The relationships among soft sets, soft rough sets and topologies. Soft Comput 18:717\u2013728","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"7812_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2008.01.006","volume":"48","author":"TJ Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li TJ, Leung Y, Zhang WX (2008) Generalized fuzzy rough approximation operators based on fuzzy coverings. Int J Approx Reason 48(3):836\u2013856","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"key":"7812_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2015.02.027","volume":"31","author":"Z Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li Z, Xie N, Wen G (2015) Soft coverings and their parameter reductions. Appl Soft Comput 31:48\u201360","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"7812_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2008.11.001","volume":"50","author":"G Liu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu G, Sai Y (2009) A comparison of two types of rough sets induced by coverings. Int J Approx Reason 50:521\u2013528","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"key":"7812_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2008.06.021","volume":"178","author":"G Liu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liu G, Zhu W (2008) The algebraic structures of generalized rough set theory. Inf Sci 178:4105\u20134113","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"7812_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2012.03.004","volume":"53","author":"L Ma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ma L (2012) On some types of neighborhood related covering rough sets. Int J Approx Reason 53:901\u2013911","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"key":"7812_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2015.05.002","volume":"294","author":"L Ma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ma L (2016) Two fuzzy covering rough set models and their generalizations over fuzzy lattices. Fuzzy Sets Syst 294:1\u201317","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"issue":"8","key":"7812_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0898-1221(02)00216-X","volume":"44","author":"PK Maji","year":"2002","unstructured":"Maji PK, Roy AR, Biswas R (2002) An application of soft sets in a decision making problem. Comput Math Appl 44(8):1077\u20131083","journal-title":"Comput Math Appl"},{"issue":"5","key":"7812_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.3390\/math8050689","volume":"8","author":"WK Min","year":"2020","unstructured":"Min WK (2020) Attribute reduction in soft contexts based on soft sets and its application to formal contexts. Mathematics 8(5):689","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"7812_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0898-1221(99)00056-5","volume":"37","author":"D Molodtsov","year":"1999","unstructured":"Molodtsov D (1999) Soft set theory-first results. Comput Math Appl 37:19\u201331","journal-title":"Comput Math Appl"},{"key":"7812_CR28","first-page":"293","volume":"16","author":"S Pal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pal S, Mitra P (2004) Case generation using rough sets with fuzzy representation. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 16:293\u2013300","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"7812_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01001956","volume":"11","author":"Z Pawlak","year":"1982","unstructured":"Pawlak Z (1982) Rough sets. Int J Comput Inf Sci 11(5):341\u2013356","journal-title":"Int J Comput Inf Sci"},{"key":"7812_CR30","first-page":"9","volume":"33","author":"Z Pawlak","year":"1985","unstructured":"Pawlak Z (1985) Rough concept analysis. Bull Polish Acad Sci Math 33:9\u201310","journal-title":"Bull Polish Acad Sci Math"},{"key":"7812_CR31","first-page":"653","volume":"35","author":"JA Pomykala","year":"1987","unstructured":"Pomykala JA (1987) Approximation operations in approximation space. Bull Polish Acad Sci 35:653\u2013662","journal-title":"Bull Polish Acad Sci"},{"key":"7812_CR32","first-page":"193","volume":"36","author":"JA Pomykala","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pomykala JA (1988) On definability in the nondeterministic information system. Bull Polish Acad Sci 36:193\u2013210","journal-title":"Bull Polish Acad Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"7812_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2008.08.004","volume":"50","author":"Y Qian","year":"2009","unstructured":"Qian Y, Liang J, Dang C (2009) Knowledge structure, knowledge granulation and knowledge distance in a knowledge base. Int J Approx Reason 50(1):174\u2013188","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"issue":"4","key":"7812_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3579","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-181648","volume":"36","author":"M Riaz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Riaz M, Davvaz B, Firdous A, Fakhar A (2019) Novel concepts of soft rough set topology with applications. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 36(4):3579\u20133590","journal-title":"J Intell Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"7812_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2012.11.012","volume":"40","author":"M Shabir","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shabir M, Ali MI, Shaheen T (2013) Another approach to soft rough sets. Knowl-Based Syst 40:72\u201380","journal-title":"Knowl-Based Syst"},{"key":"7812_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2017.01.036","volume":"123","author":"B Sun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun B, Ma W, Qian Y (2017) Multigranulation fuzzy rough set over two universes and its application to decision making. Knowl-Based Syst 123:61\u201374","journal-title":"Knowl-Based Syst"},{"key":"7812_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2006.12.104","volume":"56","author":"ECC Tsang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tsang ECC, Chen D, Yeung DS (2008) Approximations and reducts with covering generalized rough sets. Comput Math Appl 56:279\u2013289","journal-title":"Comput Math Appl"},{"key":"7812_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2003.08.005","volume":"159","author":"WZ Wu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wu WZ, Zhang WX (2004) Neighborhood operator systems and approximation operators. Inf Sci 159:233\u2013254","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"7812_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2007.03.018","volume":"158","author":"WH Xu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Xu WH, Zhang WX (2007) Measuring roughness of generalized rough sets induced a covering. Fuzzy Sets Syst 158:2443\u20132455","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"key":"7812_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang B, Hu BQ (2017) On some types of fuzzy covering based rough sets. Fuzzy Sets Syst 312:36\u201365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2016.10.009"},{"key":"7812_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2018.05.017","volume":"370","author":"B Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang B, Hu BQ (2019) Fuzzy neighborhood operators and derived fuzzy coverings. Fuzzy Sets Syst 370:1\u201333","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"key":"7812_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang XP, Li TJ (2006) The minimization of axiom sets characterizing generalized approximation operators. Inf Sci 176:887\u2013899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2005.01.012"},{"key":"7812_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-0255(98)10006-3","volume":"111","author":"YY Yao","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yao YY (1998) Relational interpretations of neighborhood operators and rough set approximation operators. Inf Sci 111:239\u2013259","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"7812_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2009.09.021","volume":"180","author":"YY Yao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yao YY (2010) Three-way decisions with probabilistic rough sets. Inf Sci 180(3):341\u2013353","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"7812_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2012.02.065","volume":"200","author":"YY Yao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yao YY, Yao B (2012) Covering based rough set approximations. Inf Sci 200:91\u2013107","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"7812_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeung DS, Chen D, Lee J, Wang X (2015) On the generalization of fuzzy rough sets. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 13:343\u2013361","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2004.841734"},{"key":"7812_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/970893","author":"S Y\u00fcksel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Y\u00fcksel S, G\u00fczel Erg\u00fcl Z, Tozlu N (2014) Soft covering based rough sets and their application. Sci World J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/970893","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"7812_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y\u00fcksel S, Tozlu N, Dizman TH (2015) An application of multicriteria group decision making by soft covering based rough sets. Filomat 29(1):209\u2013219","DOI":"10.2298\/FIL1501209Y"},{"issue":"4","key":"7812_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-018-9617-3","volume":"52","author":"J Zhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhan J, Alcantud JCR (2019) A novel type of soft rough covering and its application to multicriteria group decision making. Artif Intell Rev 52(4):2381\u20132410","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"7812_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-018-9617-3","volume":"52","author":"J Zhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhan J, Alcantud JCR (2019) A novel type of soft rough covering and its application to multicriteria group decision making. Artif Intell Rev 52(4):2381\u20132410","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"7812_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-018-0785-x","volume":"10","author":"J Zhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhan J, Wang Q (2019) Certain types of soft coverings based rough sets with applications. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 10(5):1065\u20131076","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"7812_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2003.11.003","volume":"166","author":"H Zhang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhang H, Liang H, Liu D (2004) Two new operators in rough set theory with applications to fuzzy sets. Inf Sci 166(1\u20134):147\u2013165","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"7812_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2006.06.009","volume":"177","author":"W Zhu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhu W (2007) Topological approaches to covering rough sets. Inf Sci 177:1499\u20131508","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"7812_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-0255(03)00056-2","volume":"152","author":"W Zhu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhu W, Wang F (2003) Reduction and axiomization of covering generalized rough sets. Inf Sci 152:217\u2013230","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"7812_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2007.1044","volume":"19","author":"W Zhu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhu W, Wang F (2007) On three types of covering rough sets. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 19:1131\u20131144","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"key":"7812_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2012.01.026","volume":"201","author":"W Zhu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhu W, Wang F (2012) The fourth types of covering-based rough sets. Inf Sci 201:80\u201392","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"7812_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0000(93)90048-2","volume":"46","author":"W Ziarko","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ziarko W (1993) Variable precision rough set model. J Comput Syst Sci 46(1):39\u201359","journal-title":"J Comput Syst Sci"}],"container-title":["Soft Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-023-07812-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00500-023-07812-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-023-07812-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T10:39:47Z","timestamp":1680086387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00500-023-07812-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["7812"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-023-07812-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-7643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 December 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}