{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T18:26:24Z","timestamp":1781720784954,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020YFB1712802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB1712802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soft Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-023-08378-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T05:02:11Z","timestamp":1684818131000},"page":"17011-17024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["4PL routing problem using hybrid beetle swarm optimization"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0705-029X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuqiang","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hualing","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"8378_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2021.107113","volume":"102","author":"BH Abed-Alguni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abed-Alguni BH, Alawad NA (2021) Distributed Grey Wolf Optimizer for scheduling of workflow applications in cloud environments. Appl Soft Comput 102:107113","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"issue":"7","key":"8378_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-021-06665-6","volume":"26","author":"BH Abed-alguni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abed-alguni BH, Paul D (2022) Island-based Cuckoo Search with elite opposition-based learning and multiple mutation methods for solving optimization problems. Soft Comput 26(7):3293\u20133312","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"issue":"14","key":"8378_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9545","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-021-05889-w","volume":"25","author":"MAA Al-qaness","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-qaness MAA, Ewees AA, Abd Elaziz M (2021) Modified whale optimization algorithm for solving unrelated parallel machine scheduling problems. Soft Comput 25(14):9545\u20139557","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"8378_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"2022","author":"MAA Al-qaness","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-qaness MAA, Ewees AA, Fan H et al (2022) Modified aquila optimizer for forecasting oil production. Geo-Spat Inf Sci 2022:1\u201317","journal-title":"Geo-Spat Inf Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"8378_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1108\/09574099910805932","volume":"10","author":"M Berglund","year":"1999","unstructured":"Berglund M, Van Laarhoven P, Sharman G, Wandel S (1999) Third-party logistics: is there a future? Int J Logist Manag 10(1):59\u201370","journal-title":"Int J Logist Manag"},{"key":"8378_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.10.028","volume":"37","author":"K-H Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen K-H, Chwen-Tzeng Su (2010) Activity assigning of fourth party logistics by particle swarm optimization-based preemptive fuzzy integer goal programming. Expert Syst Appl 37:3630\u20133637","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"8378_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4694","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2022.3151610","volume":"7","author":"XZ Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen XZ, Zhan Q (2022) The kinematic calibration of an industrial robot with an improved beetle swarm optimization algorithm. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 7(2):4694\u20134701","journal-title":"IEEE Robot Autom Lett"},{"key":"8378_CR10","unstructured":"Chen J, Wang S, Li X, Liu W (2003) Directed graph optimization model and its solving method based on genetic algorithm in fourth party logistics. In: 2003 IEEE international conference on systems, man and cybernetics, vol 2, pp 1961\u20131966"},{"issue":"08","key":"8378_CR11","first-page":"153","volume":"52","author":"JB Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen JB, Wang C, Wang SH (2018) Research on evaluation method of spatial straightness for variable step beetle antennae search algorithm. Technol Tool 52(08):153\u2013155","journal-title":"Technol Tool"},{"issue":"2","key":"8378_CR12","first-page":"171","volume":"28","author":"TT Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen TT, Yin H, Jiang HL, Wang L (2019) Particle swarm optimization algorithm based on beetle antennae search for solving portfolio problem. Comput Syst Appl 28(2):171\u2013176","journal-title":"Comput Syst Appl"},{"key":"8378_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2013.04.020","volume":"50","author":"Y Cui","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cui Y, Huang M, Yang S, Lee LH, Wang X (2013) Fourth party logistics routing problem model with fuzzy duration time and cost discount. Knowl Based Syst 50:14\u201324","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"issue":"7","key":"8378_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2015.09.007","volume":"93","author":"E Demir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Demir E, Burgholzer W, Hrusovsk\u00fd M, Arikan E, Jammernegg W, Van Woensel T (2016) A green intermodal service network design problem with travel time uncertainty. Transp Res Part B Methodol 93(7):789\u2013807","journal-title":"Transp Res Part B Methodol"},{"key":"8378_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2022.116022","volume":"268","author":"AA Ewees","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ewees AA, Alqaness MAA, Abualigah L, AbdElaziz M (2022) HBO-LSTM: Optimized long short term memory with heap-based optimizer for wind power forecasting. Energy Convers Manag 268:116022","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manag"},{"key":"8378_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2019.02.061","volume":"487","author":"Lu Fuqiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fuqiang Lu, Zhu W, Bi H, Huang M, Chen W, Zhao Y (2019) Two-level Tabu-predatory search for schedule risk control of IT outsourcing projects. Inf Sci 487:57\u201386","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"8378_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"8831746","author":"Lu Fuqiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fuqiang Lu, Feng W, Gao M, Bi H, Wang S (2020) The fourth-party logistics routing problem using ant colony system-improved grey wolf optimization. J Adv Transp 8831746:1\u201315","journal-title":"J Adv Transp"},{"key":"8378_CR18","volume-title":"Strategic supply chain alignment","author":"J Gattorna","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gattorna J (1998) Strategic supply chain alignment, 1st edn. Routledge, London","edition":"1"},{"issue":"1","key":"8378_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2013.03.007","volume":"145","author":"M Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang M, Cui Y, Yang S, Wang X (2013) Fourth party logistics routing problem with fuzzy duration time. Int J Prod Econ 145(1):107\u2013116","journal-title":"Int J Prod Econ"},{"key":"8378_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.06.023","volume":"89","author":"M Huang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang M, Ren L, Lee LH, Wang X (2015) PL routing optimization under emergency conditions. Knowl Based Syst 89:126\u2013133","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"8378_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2015.10.030","volume":"330","author":"M Huang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Huang M, Ren L, Lee LH, Wang X, Kuang H, Shi H (2016) Model and algorithm for 4PLRP with uncertain delivery time. Inf Sci 330:211\u2013225","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"8378_CR22","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"X Jiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jiang X, Li S (2017) Beetle antennae search without parameter tuning (BAS-WPT) for multi-objective optimization. Neural Evolut Comput 11:1\u201323","journal-title":"Neural Evolut Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"8378_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00366-010-0197-3","volume":"41","author":"GH Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li GH, Huang M (2015) The fourth logistics routing optimization algorithm considering multiple transportation modes. Comput Eng 41(3):273\u2013277","journal-title":"Comput Eng"},{"key":"8378_CR24","unstructured":"Li X, Ying W, Liu W, Chen J, Huang B (2003) The decision optimization model of 4PL. In: 2003 IEEE international conference on systems, man and cybernetics, vol 2, pp 1241\u20131245"},{"issue":"5","key":"8378_CR25","first-page":"1097","volume":"7","author":"J Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li J, Liu Y, Hu Z (2014) Routing optimization of fourth party logistics with reliability constraints based on Messy GA. J Ind Eng Manag 7(5):1097\u20131111","journal-title":"J Ind Eng Manag"},{"key":"8378_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin M, Li Q, (2018) A hybrid optimization method of beetle antennae search algorithm and particle swarm optimization. In: 2018 International conference on electrical, control, automation and robotics, pp 396\u2013401","DOI":"10.12783\/dtetr\/ecar2018\/26379"},{"key":"8378_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2013.10.010","volume":"44","author":"Q Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu Q, Zhang C, Zhu K, Rao Y (2014) Novel multi-objective resource allocation and activity scheduling for fourth party logistics. Comput Oper Res 44:42\u201351","journal-title":"Comput Oper Res"},{"key":"8378_CR28","first-page":"10","volume":"5","author":"F Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu F, Chen W, Bi H, Wang S (2020) Research on 4PL routing problem considering stochastic demand and multiple transportation modes. Comput Integr Manuf Syst 5:10\u201314","journal-title":"Comput Integr Manuf Syst"},{"key":"8378_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2018.01.009","volume":"111","author":"Y Qiu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qiu Y, Ni M, Wang L, Li Q, Fang X, Pardalos PM (2018) Production routing problems with reverse logistics and remanufacturing. Transp Res E-Log 111:87\u2013100","journal-title":"Transp Res E-Log"},{"key":"8378_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.4108\/eetsis.vi.1998","volume":"2022","author":"J Rajeshwari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rajeshwari J, Sughasiny M (2022) Modified filter based feature selection technique for dermatology dataset using beetle swarm optimization. EAI Endorsed Trans Scalab Inf Syst 2022:78\u201388","journal-title":"EAI Endorsed Trans Scalab Inf Syst"},{"issue":"114638","key":"8378_CR31","first-page":"1","volume":"172","author":"NR Raz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raz NR, Akbarzadeh MRT, Akbarzadeh A (2021) Experiment-based affect heuristic using fuzzy rules and Taguchi statistical method for tuning complex systems. Expert Syst Appl 172(114638):1\u201318","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"8378_CR32","first-page":"69","volume":"1998","author":"Y Shi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shi Y, Eberhart RC (1998) A modified particle swarm optimizer. IEEE Int Conf Evolut Comput Proc 1998:69\u201373","journal-title":"IEEE Int Conf Evolut Comput Proc"},{"key":"8378_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi Y, Eberhart RC (1999) Empirical study of particle swarm optimization. In: Proceedings of the 1999 congress on evolutionary computation-CEC99, vol 3, pp 1945\u20131950","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.1999.785511"},{"issue":"4","key":"8378_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1002\/nag.2891","volume":"43","author":"Y Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun Y, Zhang J, Li G, Wang Y, Sun J, Jiang C (2019) Optimized neural network using beetle antennae search for predicting the unconfined compressive strength of jet grouting coalcretes. Int J Numer Anal Meth Geomech 43(4):801\u2013813","journal-title":"Int J Numer Anal Meth Geomech"},{"issue":"2","key":"8378_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1057\/s41274-016-0024-3","volume":"68","author":"Y Tao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tao Y, Chew EP, Lee LH, Shi Y (2016) A column generation approach for the route planning problem in fourth party logistics. J Oper Res Soc 68(2):165\u2013181","journal-title":"J Oper Res Soc"},{"key":"8378_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang R, Li J (2022) A new improved beetle swarm optimization algorithm. In: Proceedings of 2021 Chinese intelligent systems conference. Springer, Singapore, pp 663\u2013671","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-6320-8_67"},{"issue":"3","key":"8378_CR37","first-page":"457","volume":"37","author":"TT Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang TT, Liu Q (2018) The assessment of storm surge disaster loss based on BAS-BP model. Mar Environ Sci 37(3):457\u2013463","journal-title":"Mar Environ Sci"},{"key":"8378_CR38","first-page":"1600","volume":"16","author":"T Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang T, Yang L, Liu Q (2018) Beetle Swarm optimization algorithm: theory and application. Neural Evolut Comput 16:1600\u20131605","journal-title":"Neural Evolut Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"8378_CR39","first-page":"379","volume":"26","author":"GW Xiong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xiong GW, Wang Y (2011) Optimization algorithm of multimodal transportation with time window and job integration of multi-agent. J Syst Eng 26(3):379\u2013386","journal-title":"J Syst Eng"},{"key":"8378_CR40","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"YY Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu YY, Tan C, Liu H, Zheng M (2019) Clustering routing protocol based on beetle antennae search for wireless sensor network. Inf Technol 7:1\u20135","journal-title":"Inf Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8378_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2010.12.002","volume":"29","author":"J Yao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yao J (2010) Decision optimization analysis on supply chain resource integration in fourth party logistics. J Manuf Syst 29(4):121\u2013129","journal-title":"J Manuf Syst"},{"key":"8378_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.116355","volume":"192","author":"D Yousri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yousri D, AbdelAty AM, Alqaness MAA, Ewees AA, Radwan AG, AbdElaziz M (2022) Discrete fractional-order Caputo method to overcome trapping in local optima: Manta Ray foraging optimizer as a case study. Expert Syst Appl 192:116355","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"3","key":"8378_CR43","first-page":"209","volume":"24","author":"Y Yue","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yue Y, Gong J (1999) An efficient implementation of shortest path algorithm based on dijkstra algorithm. J Wuhan Tech Univ Surv Map 24(3):209\u2013212","journal-title":"J Wuhan Tech Univ Surv Map"},{"issue":"4","key":"8378_CR44","first-page":"71","volume":"20","author":"D Zhang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhang D, Ling Y (2002) A combination optimization model for multiple transportation mode selection and solution algorithm. J Changsha Railway Univ 20(4):71\u201375","journal-title":"J Changsha Railway Univ"},{"issue":"11","key":"8378_CR45","first-page":"60","volume":"51","author":"YQ Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao YQ, Qian X (2018) Noval chaos beetles swarm searching algorithm with learning and competitive strategies. Commun Technol 51(11):60\u201366","journal-title":"Commun Technol"}],"container-title":["Soft Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-023-08378-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00500-023-08378-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-023-08378-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T09:06:04Z","timestamp":1695719164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00500-023-08378-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["8378"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-023-08378-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1110208\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-7643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 April 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}