{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:48:01Z","timestamp":1782175681900,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soft Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-023-08384-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T05:20:55Z","timestamp":1683782455000},"page":"1545-1566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A systematic review of Arabic text classification: areas, applications, and future directions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2936-1582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahlam","family":"Wahdan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5269-5380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa","family":"Al-Emran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0823-8390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled","family":"Shaalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"8384_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2019.0101189","volume":"10","author":"MAR Abdeen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abdeen MAR, AlBouq S, Elmahalawy A, Shehata S (2019) A closer look at arabic text classification. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl 10(11):677\u2013688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14569\/IJACSA.2019.0101189","journal-title":"Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl"},{"key":"8384_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesit.2018.03.001","volume":"2017","author":"HM Abdelaal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abdelaal HM, Elmahdy AN, Halawa AA, Youness HA (2018) Improve the automatic classification accuracy for Arabic tweets using ensemble methods. J Electr Syst Inf Technol 2017:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jesit.2018.03.001","journal-title":"J Electr Syst Inf Technol"},{"key":"8384_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abdul-Mageed M, Elmadany AR, Nagoudi EMB (2021) ARBERT & MARBERT: deep bidirectional transformers for Arabic. In: ACL-IJCNLP 2021\u201459th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics and the 11th international joint conference on natural language processing, proceedings of the conference, i, 7088\u20137105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/2021.acl-long.551","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.acl-long.551"},{"key":"8384_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12065-020-00458-w","author":"S Abdulaziz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdulaziz S, Abdul A, Jilani K (2020) Machine learning approach for threat detection on social media posts containing Arabic text. Evol Intell. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12065-020-00458-w","journal-title":"Evol Intell"},{"key":"8384_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diin.2018.04.003","author":"R Abooraig","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abooraig R, Al-zu\u2019bi S, Kanan T, Hawashin B, Al Ayoub M, Hmeidi I (2018) Automatic categorization of Arabic articles based on their political orientation Automatic categorization of Arabic articles based on their political orientation. Digit Investig. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diin.2018.04.003","journal-title":"Digit Investig"},{"key":"8384_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2017.11.002","author":"D Abuzeina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abuzeina D, Al-anzi FS (2017) Employing fisher discriminant analysis for Arabic text classification. Comput Electr Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2017.11.002","journal-title":"Comput Electr Eng"},{"key":"8384_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-12048-1_13\/COVER","volume":"53","author":"S Al-Janabi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Janabi S, Salman MA, Mohammad M (2019) Multi-level network construction based on intelligent big data analysis. Stud Big Data 53:102\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-12048-1_13\/COVER","journal-title":"Stud Big Data"},{"key":"8384_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-23672-4_15\/COVER","volume":"81","author":"S Al-Janabi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Janabi S, Salman MA, Mohammed M (2020) Pragmatic text mining method to find the topics of citation network. Lect Notes Netw Syst 81:190\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-23672-4_15\/COVER","journal-title":"Lect Notes Netw Syst"},{"key":"8384_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2016.04.001","author":"FS Al-anzi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-anzi FS, Abuzeina D (2017) Towards an enhanced Arabic text classification using cosine similarity and latent semantic indexing. J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jksuci.2016.04.001","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"8384_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2017.10.003","volume":"54","author":"FS Al-anzi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-anzi FS, Abuzeina D (2018) Beyond vector space model for hierarchical Arabic text classi fi cation: a Markov chain approach. Inf Process Manag 54(1):105\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2017.10.003","journal-title":"Inf Process Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"8384_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551515625030","volume":"43","author":"A Al-badarneh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-badarneh A, Al-Shawakfa E, Bani-Ismail B, Al-Rababah K, Shatnawi S (2017) The impact of indexing approaches on Arabic text classification. J Inf Sci 43(2):159\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0165551515625030","journal-title":"J Inf Sci"},{"key":"8384_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Al-Emran M, Zaza S, Shaalan K (2015) Parsing modern standard Arabic using Treebank resources. In: 2015 International conference on information and communication technology research, ICTRC 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICTRC.2015.7156426","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTRC.2015.7156426"},{"key":"8384_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Al-Janabi S (2021) Overcoming the main challenges of knowledge discovery through tendency to the intelligent data analysis. In: 2021 international conference on data analytics for business and industry, ICDABI 2021, 286\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDABI53623.2021.9655916","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDABI53623.2021.9655916"},{"issue":"14","key":"8384_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10943","DOI":"10.1007\/S00500-020-04905-9\/METRICS","volume":"24","author":"S Al-Janabi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Janabi S, Alkaim AF, Adel Z (2020a) An Innovative synthesis of deep learning techniques (DCapsNet & DCOM) for generation electrical renewable energy from wind energy. Soft Comput 24(14):10943\u201310962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00500-020-04905-9\/METRICS","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"8384_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/S00500-019-04495-1\/METRICS","volume":"24","author":"S Al-Janabi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Janabi S, Mohammad M, Al-Sultan A (2020b) A new method for prediction of air pollution based on intelligent computation. Soft Comput 24(1):661\u2013680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00500-019-04495-1\/METRICS","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"8384_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Al-Janabi S, Patel A, Fatlawi H, Kalajdzic K, Al Shourbaji I (2015) Empirical rapid and accurate prediction model for data mining tasks in cloud computing environments. In: 2014 international congress on technology, communication and knowledge, ICTCK 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICTCK.2014.7033495","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTCK.2014.7033495"},{"issue":"14","key":"8384_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5849","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-018-3249-z","volume":"23","author":"QA Al-Radaideh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Radaideh QA, Al-Abrat MA (2019) An Arabic text categorization approach using term weighting and multiple reducts. Soft Comput 23(14):5849\u20135863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-018-3249-z","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"8384_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/S10462-015-9442-X\/TABLES\/5","volume":"45","author":"AB Al-Saleh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Al-Saleh AB, Menai MEB (2016) Automatic Arabic text summarization: a survey. Artif Intell Rev 45:203\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10462-015-9442-X\/TABLES\/5","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"8384_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.11591\/ijece.v9i1.pp652-659","volume":"9","author":"M Al-Sarem","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Sarem M, Emara A-H (2019) The effect of training set size in authorship attribution: application on short Arabic texts. Int J Electr Comput Eng 9(1):652\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11591\/ijece.v9i1.pp652-659","journal-title":"Int J Electr Comput Eng"},{"key":"8384_CR20","first-page":"350","volume":"12","author":"M Al-sarem","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-sarem M, Emara AH, Wahab A (2020) Performance of authorship attribution classifiers with short texts application of religious Arabic fatwas. Int J Data Min Model Manag 12:350\u2013364","journal-title":"Int J Data Min Model Manag"},{"key":"8384_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2020.05.028","volume":"136","author":"MS Al-shaibani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-shaibani MS, Alyafeai Z, Ahmad I (2020) Meter classification of Arabic poems using deep bidirectional recurrent neural networks. Pattern Recognit Lett 136:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patrec.2020.05.028","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit Lett"},{"key":"8384_CR22","first-page":"123","volume":"2021","author":"A-K Al-Tamimi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Tamimi A-K, Bani-Isaa E, Al-Alami A (2021) Active learning for Arabic text classification. Int Conf Comput Intell Knowl Econ (ICCIKE) 2021:123\u2013126","journal-title":"Int Conf Comput Intell Knowl Econ (ICCIKE)"},{"key":"8384_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alabbas W, Al-Khateeb HM, Mansour A (2016) Arabic text classification methods: systematic literature review of primary studies. In: 2016 4th IEEE international colloquium on information science and technology (CiSt), 361\u2013367","DOI":"10.1109\/CIST.2016.7805072"},{"key":"8384_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alahmadi A, Joorabchi A, Mahdi AE (2017) Combining words and concepts for automatic Arabic. In: International conference on Arabic language processing, 105\u2013119","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-73500-9_8"},{"key":"8384_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12115720","author":"AS Alammary","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alammary AS (2022) BERT models for Arabic text classification: a systematic review. Appl Sci (Switz). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app12115720","journal-title":"Appl Sci (Switz)"},{"key":"8384_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111931","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2932026","volume":"7","author":"SA Alanazi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alanazi SA (2019) Towards identifying features for automatic gender detection: a corpus creation and analysis. IEEE Access 7:111931\u2013111943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2932026","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"8384_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alayba AM, Palade V, England M, Iqbal R (2017) Arabic language sentiment analysis on health services. In: 2017 IEEE international workshop on Arabic script analysis and recognition (ASAR), 114\u2013118","DOI":"10.1109\/ASAR.2017.8067771"},{"key":"8384_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alghamdi N (2019) Monitoring mental health using smart devices with text analytical tool. In: 2019 6th International conference on control, decision and information technologies (CoDIT), 2046\u20132051","DOI":"10.1109\/CoDIT.2019.8820381"},{"key":"8384_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhaj YA, Al-qaness M, Udara W, Hussain A, Abdelaal H (2018) Efficient feature representation based on the effect of words frequency for arabic documents classification. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on telecommunications and communication engineering, 397\u2013401","DOI":"10.1145\/3291842.3291900"},{"key":"8384_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2021.101740","volume":"99","author":"R Alharthi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alharthi R, Alhothali A, Moria K (2021) A real-time deep-learning approach for filtering Arabic low-quality content and accounts on Twitter. Inf Syst 99:101740","journal-title":"Inf Syst"},{"key":"8384_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24653","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2970504","volume":"8","author":"M Alhawarat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alhawarat M, Aseeri AO (2020) A superior Arabic text categorization deep model (SATCDM). IEEE Access 8:24653\u201324661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2970504","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"8384_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhozaimi A, Almishari M (2018) Arabic Twitter profiling for Arabic-speaking users. In: 2018 21st Saudi computer society national computer conference (NCC), 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/NCG.2018.8593031"},{"key":"8384_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/S10462-021-09989-9","volume":"55","author":"SO Alhumoud","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alhumoud SO, Al Wazrah AA (2022) Arabic sentiment analysis using recurrent neural networks: a review. Artif Intell Rev 55:707\u2013748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10462-021-09989-9","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"key":"8384_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eij.2020.08.004","author":"N Aljedani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aljedani N, Alotaibi R, Taileb M (2020) HMATC: hierarchical multi-label Arabic text classification model using machine learning. Egypt Inform J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eij.2020.08.004","journal-title":"Egypt Inform J"},{"key":"8384_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.02.063","volume":"220","author":"M Alkhatib","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alkhatib M, El Barachi M, Shaalan K (2019) An Arabic social media based framework for incidents and events monitoring in smart cities. J Clean Prod 220:771\u2013785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.02.063","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"8384_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127913","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3009217","volume":"8","author":"HA Almuzaini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Almuzaini HA, Azmi AM (2020) Impact of stemming and word embedding on deep learning-based Arabic text categorization. IEEE Access 8:127913\u2013127928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3009217","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"8384_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4898","volume":"17","author":"KA Alnemer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alnemer KA, Alhuzaim WM, Alnemer AA, Alharbi BB (2015) Are health-related tweets evidence based? Review and analysis of health-related tweets on Twitter. J Med Internet Res 17:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.4898","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"8384_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alorini D, Rawat D (2019) Automatic spam detection on Gulf dialectical arabic tweets. In: 2019 international conference on computing, networking and communications (ICNC), 448\u2013452","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCNC.2019.8685659"},{"key":"8384_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/S10462-012-9351-1","volume":"42","author":"A Alqudsi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alqudsi A, Omar N, Shaker K (2014) Arabic machine translation: a survey. Artif Intell Rev 42:549\u2013572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10462-012-9351-1","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"8384_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3482","DOI":"10.3390\/app13063482","volume":"13","author":"M Alruily","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alruily M, Fazal AM, Mostafa AM (2023) Automated Arabic long-tweet classification using transfer learning with BERT. Appl Sci (Switz) 13(6):3482","journal-title":"Appl Sci (Switz)"},{"key":"8384_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91670","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3091376","volume":"9","author":"D AlSaleh","year":"2021","unstructured":"AlSaleh D, Larabi-Marie-Sainte S (2021) Arabic text classification using convolutional neural network and genetic algorithms. IEEE Access 9:91670\u201391685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3091376","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"8384_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10373","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-10074-6","volume":"80","author":"HN Alshaer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alshaer HN, Otair MA, Abualigah L (2021) Feature selection method using improved CHI square on Arabic text classifiers: analysis and application. Multimed Tools Appl 80:10373\u201310390","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"8384_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2021.08.017","author":"H Alshalabi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alshalabi H, Tiun S, Omar N, Al-Aswadi FN, Ali Alezabi K (2021) Arabic light-based stemmer using new rules. J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jksuci.2021.08.017","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci"},{"key":"8384_CR44","unstructured":"Alsudias L, Rayson P (2019) Classifying information sources in Arabic Twitter to support online monitoring of infectious diseases. In: Proceedings of the 3rd workshop on Arabic corpus linguistics, 22\u201330"},{"issue":"4","key":"8384_CR45","first-page":"47","volume":"10","author":"M Altamimi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Altamimi M, Teahan WJ (2019) Arabic dialect identification of Twitter text using PPM compression. Int J Comput Linguist (IJCL) 10(4):47\u201359","journal-title":"Int J Comput Linguist (IJCL)"},{"key":"8384_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/S10462-021-10031-1","volume":"55","author":"TH Alwaneen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alwaneen TH, Azmi AM, Aboalsamh HA, Cambria E, Hussain A (2022) Arabic question answering system: a survey. Artif Intell Rev 55:207\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10462-021-10031-1","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"key":"8384_CR47","unstructured":"Alyafeai Z, Al-shaibani MS, Ghaleb M, Ahmad I (2021) Evaluating various tokenizers for Arabic text classification. ArXiv Preprint arxiv: 2106.07540, 5"},{"key":"8384_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.05.086","volume":"189","author":"MSH Ameur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ameur MSH, Aliane H (2021) AraCOVID19-MFH: Arabic COVID-19 multi-label fake news & hate speech detection dataset. Procedia Comput Sci 189:232\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2021.05.086","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"8384_CR49","unstructured":"Antoun W, Baly F, Hajj H (2020) Arabert: transformer-based model for arabic language understanding. ArXiv Preprint arXiv:2003.00104"},{"issue":"5","key":"8384_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2021.0120589","volume":"12","author":"J Atwan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Atwan J, Wedyan M, Bsoul Q, Hamadeen A, Alturki R, Ikram M (2021) The effect of using light stemming for Arabic text classification. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl 12(5):768\u2013773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14569\/IJACSA.2021.0120589","journal-title":"Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl"},{"key":"8384_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayed R, Labidi M, Maraoui M (2017) Arabic text classification: new study. In: 2017 international conference on engineering & MIS (ICEMIS). IEEE, 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEMIS.2017.8273037"},{"key":"8384_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3295662","author":"G Badaro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Badaro G, Baly R, Hajj H, El-Hajj W, Shaban KB, Habash N, Al-Sallab A, Hamdi A (2019) A survey of opinion mining in Arabic: a comprehensive system perspective covering challenges and advances in tools, resources, models, applications, and visualizations. ACM Trans Asian Low-Resour Lang Inf Process. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3295662","journal-title":"ACM Trans Asian Low-Resour Lang Inf Process"},{"key":"8384_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bahassine S, Madani A, Kissi M (2017) A new similarity measure for automatic text categorization based on vector space model. In: Proceedings of the second international conference on advanced wireless information, data, and communication technologies, 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1145\/3231830.3231833"},{"key":"8384_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-51367-6","author":"M Bekkali","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bekkali M, Lachkar A (2017) Web search engine-based representation for Arabic tweets categorization. Soc Data Min Anal Predict Commun Detect. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-51367-6","journal-title":"Soc Data Min Anal Predict Commun Detect"},{"key":"8384_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-019-04368-6","author":"H Chantar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chantar H, Mafarja M, Alsawalqah H, Asghar A, Aljarah I, Aljarah I (2019) Feature selection using binary grey wolf optimizer with elite-based crossover for Arabic text classification. Neural Comput Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-019-04368-6","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"8384_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chouigui A, Khiroun OB, Elayeb B (2017) ANT corpus: an Arabic news text collection for textual classification. In: 2017 IEEE\/ACS 14th international conference on computer systems and applications (AICCSA). IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/AICCSA.2017.22","DOI":"10.1109\/AICCSA.2017.22"},{"key":"8384_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Daif M, Kitada S, Iyatomi H (2020) AraDIC: Arabic document classification using image-based character embeddings and class-balanced loss. In: The 58th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics, 214\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-srw.29","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-srw.29"},{"key":"8384_CR58","unstructured":"Devlin J, Chang MW, Lee K, Toutanova K (2019) BERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. In: NAACL HLT 2019\u20132019 conference of the North American Chapter of the association for computational linguistics: human language technologies\u2014Proceedings of the conference, 1(Mlm), 4171\u20134186"},{"key":"8384_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Alami F-Z, El Alaoui S (2018) Word sense representation based-method for Arabic text categorization. In: 2018 9th international symposium on signal, image, video and communications (ISIVC), 141\u2013146","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIVC.2018.8709234"},{"key":"8384_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2021.07.013","author":"FZ El-Alami","year":"2021","unstructured":"El-Alami FZ, El Alaoui SO, Nahnahi NE (2021) A multilingual offensive language detection method based on transfer learning from transformer fine-tuning model. J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jksuci.2021.07.013","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"8384_CR61","first-page":"381","volume":"19","author":"FZ El-Alami","year":"2020","unstructured":"El-Alami FZ, El Mahdaouy A, El Alaoui SO, En-Nahnahi N (2020) A deep autoencoder-based representation for Arabic text categorization. J Inf Commun Technol 19(3):381\u2013398","journal-title":"J Inf Commun Technol"},{"key":"8384_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2021.02.005","author":"FZ El-Alami","year":"2021","unstructured":"El-Alami FZ, Ouatik El Alaoui S, En Nahnahi N (2021) Contextual semantic embeddings based on fine-tuned AraBERT model for Arabic text multi-class categorization. J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jksuci.2021.02.005","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci"},{"key":"8384_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1007\/S10462-018-9622-6","volume":"52","author":"B Elayeb","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elayeb B (2019) Arabic word sense disambiguation: a review. Artif Intell Rev 52:2475\u20132532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10462-018-9622-6","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"key":"8384_CR64","unstructured":"Elhassan R, Ahmed M (2015) Arabic Text Classification review. 4(1), 1\u20135"},{"issue":"1","key":"8384_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2019.102121","volume":"57","author":"A Elnagar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elnagar A, Al-Debsi R, Einea O (2020) Arabic text classification using deep learning models. Inf Process Manag 57(1):102121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2019.102121","journal-title":"Inf Process Manag"},{"key":"8384_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1644879.1644881.http","volume":"8","author":"A Farghaly","year":"2009","unstructured":"Farghaly A, Shaalan K (2009) Arabic natural language processing: challenges and solutions. ACM Trans Asian Lang Inf Process 8:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1644879.1644881.http","journal-title":"ACM Trans Asian Lang Inf Process"},{"key":"8384_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-021-02948-w","author":"H Faris","year":"2021","unstructured":"Faris H, Habib M, Faris M, Alomari A, Castillo PA, Alomari M (2021) Classification of Arabic healthcare questions based on word embeddings learned from massive consultations: a deep learning approach. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12652-021-02948-w","journal-title":"J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput"},{"issue":"9","key":"8384_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3390\/fi12090156","volume":"12","author":"A Ghourabi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghourabi A, Mahmood MA, Alzubi Q (2020) A hybrid CNN-LSTM model for SMS spam detection in Arabic and English messages. Future Internet 12(9):156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi12090156","journal-title":"Future Internet"},{"key":"8384_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gouiouez M, Hadni M (2017) Multi-agent system for arabic text categorization. In: Proceedings of the Mediterranean symposium on smart city applications, 161\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-74500-8","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-74500-8"},{"key":"8384_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guru DS, Ali M, Suhil M (2018) A Novel term weighting scheme and an approach for classification of agricultural Arabic text complaints. In: 2018 IEEE 2nd international workshop on arabic and derived script analysis and recognition (ASAR), 24\u201328","DOI":"10.1109\/ASAR.2018.8480317"},{"key":"8384_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hadni M, Gouiouez M (2017) Graph based representation for Arabic text categorization. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on big data, cloud and applications, 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1145\/3090354.3090431"},{"key":"8384_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hassan F, Satori K, Yahyaouy A, El Moubtahij H, Lamtougui H (2020) Applications of deep learning in Arabic sentiment analysis: research perspective. In: 2020 1st international conference on innovative research in applied science, engineering and technology (IRASET), May, 20\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IRASET48871.2020.9092163","DOI":"10.1109\/IRASET48871.2020.9092163"},{"issue":"2","key":"8384_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e06191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06191","volume":"7","author":"MO Hegazi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hegazi MO, Al-Dossari Y, Al-Yahy A, Al-Sumari A, Hilal A (2021) Preprocessing Arabic text on social media. Heliyon 7(2):e06191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06191","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"8384_CR74","first-page":"213","volume":"16","author":"M Hijazi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hijazi M, Zeki A, Ismail A (2021) Arabic text classification using hybrid feature selection method using chi-square binary artificial bee colony algorithm. Int J Math Comput Sci 16(1):213\u2013228","journal-title":"Int J Math Comput Sci"},{"key":"8384_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-52246-9","author":"S Hriez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hriez S, Awajan A (2020) Authorship identification for Arabic texts using logistic model tree classification. Sci Inf Conf. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-52246-9","journal-title":"Sci Inf Conf"},{"issue":"2","key":"8384_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eij.2018.12.002","volume":"20","author":"S Hussein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hussein S, Farouk M, Hemayed E (2019) Gender identification of egyptian dialect in twitter. Egypt Inform J 20(2):109\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eij.2018.12.002","journal-title":"Egypt Inform J"},{"key":"8384_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ikram AY, Chakir L (2019) Arabic text classification in the legal domain. In: 2019 3rd international conference on intelligent computing in data sciences, ICDS 2019, 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDS47004.2019.8942343","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDS47004.2019.8942343"},{"issue":"November","key":"8384_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2019.107144","volume":"100","author":"MI Khedher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khedher MI, Jmila H, El-yacoubi MA (2020) Automatic processing of historical Arabic documents: a comprehensive survey. Pattern Recognit 100(November):107144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patcog.2019.107144","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"8384_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2008.09.009","author":"B Kitchenham","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kitchenham B, Pearl Brereton O, Budgen D, Turner M, Bailey J, Linkman S (2009) Systematic literature reviews in software engineering\u2014A systematic literature review. Inf Softw Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infsof.2008.09.009","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"key":"8384_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lippincott T, Mcnamee P, Duh K (2019) JHU system description for the MADAR Arabic dialect identification shared task. In: Proceedings of the fourth Arabic natural language processing workshop, 264\u2013268","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-4634"},{"key":"8384_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Madhfar MAH, Al-Hagery MAH (2019) Arabic text classification: a comparative approach using a big dataset. In: 2019 international conference on computer and information sciences, ICCIS 2019, 4, 1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCISci.2019.8716479","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCISci.2019.8716479"},{"key":"8384_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-23672-4_23\/COVER","volume":"81","author":"MA Mahdi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mahdi MA, Al-Janabi S (2020) A novel software to improve healthcare base on predictive analytics and mobile services for cloud data centers. Lect Notes Netw Syst 81:320\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-23672-4_23\/COVER","journal-title":"Lect Notes Netw Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"8384_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2018.06.004","volume":"32","author":"SL Marie-Sainte","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marie-Sainte SL, Alalyani N (2020) Firefly algorithm based feature selection for Arabic text classification. J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci 32(3):320\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jksuci.2018.06.004","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci"},{"key":"8384_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohammad AH, Al-momani O (2016) Arabic text categorization using support vector machine, Na\u00efve Bayes and Neural Network. Research Gate. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5176\/2251-3043","DOI":"10.5176\/2251-3043"},{"key":"8384_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Altman D, Antes G, Atkins D, Barbour V, Barrowman N, Berlin JA, Clark J, Clarke M, Cook D, D\u2019Amico R, Deeks JJ, Devereaux PJ, Dickersin K, Egger M, Ernst E, Tugwell P (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"8384_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2021.101785","volume":"100","author":"A Omar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Omar A, Mahmoud TM, Abd-El-Hafeez T, Mahfouz A (2021) Multi-label Arabic text classification in online social networks. Inf Syst 100:101785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.is.2021.101785","journal-title":"Inf Syst"},{"key":"8384_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2018.10.463","volume":"142","author":"RA Salama","year":"2018","unstructured":"Salama RA, Youssef A, Fahmy A (2018) Morphological word embedding for Arabic. Procedia Comput Sci 142:83\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2018.10.463","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"8384_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sundus K, Al-Haj F, Hammo B (2019) A Deep learning approach for Arabic text classification. In: 2019 2nd international conference on new trends in computing sciences, ICTCS 2019\u2014Proceedings, 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICTCS.2019.8923083","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTCS.2019.8923083"},{"key":"8384_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11591\/ijece.v10i6.pp6629-6643","author":"A Wahdan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wahdan A, Hantoobi S, Salloum SA, Shaalan K (2020) A systematic review of text classification research based on deep learning models in Arabic language. Int J Electr Comput Eng (IJECE). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11591\/ijece.v10i6.pp6629-6643","journal-title":"Int J Electr Comput Eng (IJECE)"},{"key":"8384_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zahidi Y, El Younoussi Y, Azroumahli C (2019) Comparative study of the most useful Arabic-supporting natural language processing and deep learning libraries. In: 2019 international conference on optimization and applications, ICOA 2019, 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICOA.2019.8727617","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOA.2019.8727617"},{"key":"8384_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zaza S, Al-Emran M (2015) Mining and exploration of credit cards data in UAE. In: Proceedings\u20142015 5th international conference on e-learning, ECONF 2015, 275\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ECONF.2015.57","DOI":"10.1109\/ECONF.2015.57"}],"container-title":["Soft Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-023-08384-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00500-023-08384-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-023-08384-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T03:04:12Z","timestamp":1705028652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00500-023-08384-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["8384"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-023-08384-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-7643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 April 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 May 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}