{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T11:47:40Z","timestamp":1773661660702,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soft Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-025-10612-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T03:52:15Z","timestamp":1750823535000},"page":"1569-1615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Application of multigranulation $$\\left( {\\mathcal {I}}_{O},O\\right) $$-fuzzy rough sets in emergency decision making under $$\\left( \\beta ^{\\bigstar },\\delta ^{\\blacklozenge }\\right) $$-fuzzy similarity environment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Noor","family":"Rehman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6425-2619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kostaq","family":"Hila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Afeera","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10612_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2011.01.007","volume":"181","author":"EA Abo-Tabl","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abo-Tabl EA (2011) A comparison of two kinds of definitions of rough approximations based on a similarity relation. Inf Sci 181(12):2587\u20132596","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10612_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2008.03.046","volume":"21","author":"HM Abu-Donia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Abu-Donia HM (2008) Comparison between different kinds of approximations by using a family of binary relations. Knowl Based Syst 21(8):911\u2013919","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"issue":"15","key":"10612_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2007.02.010","volume":"158","author":"M Baczy\u0144ski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baczy\u0144ski M, Jayaram B (2007) On the characterizations of (S, N)-implications. Fuzzy Set Syst 158(15):1713\u20131727","journal-title":"Fuzzy Set Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"10612_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2008.09.021","volume":"161","author":"M Baczy\u0144ski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baczy\u0144ski M, Jayaram B (2010) QL-implications: some properties and intersections. Fuzzy Set Syst 161(2):158\u2013188","journal-title":"Fuzzy Set Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"10612_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(79)90004-6","volume":"2","author":"JF Baldwin","year":"1979","unstructured":"Baldwin JF (1979) A new approach to approximate reasoning using a fuzzy logic. Fuzzy set syst 2(4):309\u2013325","journal-title":"Fuzzy set syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"10612_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(80)90054-8","volume":"3","author":"JF Baldwin","year":"1980","unstructured":"Baldwin JF, Pilsworth BW (1980) Axiomatic approach to implication for approximate reasoning with fuzzy logic. Fuzzy Set Syst 3(2):193\u2013219","journal-title":"Fuzzy Set Syst"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10612_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2003.12.002","volume":"166","author":"W Bartol","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bartol W, Mir\u00f3 J, Pi\u00f3ro K, Rossell\u00f3 F (2004) On the coverings by tolerance classes. Inf Sci 166(1\u20134):193\u2013211","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"10612_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2013.05.004","volume":"249","author":"B Bedregal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bedregal B, Dimuro GP, Bustince H, Barrenechea E (2013) New results on overlap and grouping function. Inform Sci 249:148\u2013170","journal-title":"Inform Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10612_CR9","first-page":"77","volume":"75","author":"D Bianucci","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bianucci D, Cattaneo G, Ciucci D (2007) Entropies and co-entropies of coverings with application to incomplete information systems. Fundam Inform 75(1\u20134):77\u2013105","journal-title":"Fundam Inform"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10612_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.na.2009.08.033","volume":"72","author":"H Bustince","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bustince H, Fernandez J, Mesiar R, Montero J, Orduna R (2010) Overlap functions. Nonlinear Anal Theory Method Appl 72(3\u20134):1488\u20131499","journal-title":"Nonlinear Anal Theory Method Appl"},{"issue":"3","key":"10612_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2011.2173581","volume":"20","author":"H Bustince","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bustince H, Pagola M, Mesiar R, Hullermeier E, Herrera F (2011) Grouping, overlap, and generalized bientropic functions for fuzzy modeling of pairwise comparisons. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 20(3):405\u2013415","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"10612_CR12","unstructured":"Bustince H, Fern\u00e1ndez J, Mesiar R, Montero J, Orduna R (2009). Overlap index, overlap functions and migrativity. In: Proceedings of IFSA\/EUSFLAT Conference, pp 300\u2013305"},{"issue":"6","key":"10612_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2006.10.013","volume":"43","author":"MS Chang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chang MS, Tseng YL, Chen JW (2007) A scenario planning approach for the flood emergency logistics preparation problem under uncertainty. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 43(6):737\u2013754","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev"},{"key":"10612_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-017-2672-x","volume":"22","author":"J Dai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dai J, Gao S, Zheng G (2018) Generalized rough set models determined by multiple neighborhoods generated from a similarity relation. Soft Comput 22:2081\u20132094","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"10612_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2014.11.018","volume":"275","author":"L D\u2019eer","year":"2015","unstructured":"D\u2019eer L, Verbiest N, Cornelis C, Godo L (2015) A comprehensive study of implicator conjunctor based and noise-tolerant fuzzy rough sets: definitions, properties and robustness analysis. Fuzzy Set Syst 275:1\u201338","journal-title":"Fuzzy Set Syst"},{"key":"10612_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2016.04.003","volume":"312","author":"L D\u2019eer","year":"2017","unstructured":"D\u2019eer L, Cornelis C, Godo L (2017) Fuzzy neighborhood operators based on fuzzy coverings. Fuzzy Set Syst 312:17\u201335","journal-title":"Fuzzy Set Syst"},{"key":"10612_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013999431844","volume":"16","author":"TQ Deng","year":"2002","unstructured":"Deng TQ, Heijmans HJ (2002) Grey-scale morphology based on fuzzy logic. J Math Imaging Vis 16:155\u2013171","journal-title":"J Math Imaging Vis"},{"key":"10612_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2014.04.008","volume":"252","author":"GP Dimuro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dimuro GP, Bedregal B (2014) Archimedean overlap functions: the ordinal sum and the cancellation, idempotency and limiting properties. Fuzzy Set Syst 252:39\u201354","journal-title":"Fuzzy Set Syst"},{"key":"10612_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2015.03.049","volume":"312","author":"GP Dimuro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dimuro GP, Bedregal B (2015) On residual implications derived from overlap functions. Inf Sci 312:78\u201388","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10612_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/03081079008935107","volume":"17","author":"D Dubois","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dubois D, Prade H (1990) Rough fuzzy sets and fuzzy rough sets. Int J Gen Syst 17(2\u20133):191\u2013209","journal-title":"Int J Gen Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"10612_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(91)90050-Z","volume":"40","author":"D Dubois","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dubois D, Prade H (1991) Fuzzy sets in approximate reasoning, Part 1: inference with possibility distributions. Fuzzy Set Syst 40(1):143\u2013202","journal-title":"Fuzzy Set Syst"},{"key":"10612_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00009-007-0122-1","volume":"4","author":"F Durante","year":"2007","unstructured":"Durante F, Klement EP, Mesiar R, Sempi C (2007) Conjunctors and their residual implicators: characterizations and construction methods. Mediter J Math 4:343\u2013356","journal-title":"Mediter J Math"},{"key":"10612_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2015.11.006","volume":"332","author":"M Elkano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elkano M, Galar M, Sanz J, Bustince H (2016) Fuzzy rule-based classification systems for multi-class problems using binary decomposition strategies: on the influence of n-dimensional overlap functions in the fuzzy reasoning method. Inf Sci 332:94\u2013114","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"10612_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2017.12.012","volume":"359","author":"BW Fang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fang BW, Hu BQ (2019) Granular fuzzy rough sets based on fuzzy implicators and coimplicators. Fuzzy Set Syst 359:112\u2013139","journal-title":"Fuzzy Set Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"10612_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2006.08.021","volume":"34","author":"G Fu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fu G (2008) A fuzzy optimization method for multicriteria decision making: an application to reservoir flood control operation. Expert Syst Appl 34(1):145\u2013149","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"10612_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganivada A (2021) Generalized Fuzzy Rough Sets Based on New Fuzzy Similarity Relation. In :Proceedings of the 11th International conference on soft computing and pattern recognition (SoCPaR 2019) 11:1-9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-49345-5_1"},{"key":"10612_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2022.08.003","volume":"112","author":"P Ghasemi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ghasemi P, Goodarzian F, Abraham A, Khanchehzarrin S (2022) A possibilistic-robust-fuzzy programming model for designing a game theory based blood supply chain network. Appl Math Model 112:282\u2013303","journal-title":"Appl Math Model"},{"key":"10612_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2016.03.003","volume":"74","author":"D Gomez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gomez D, Rodr\u00edguez JT, Yanez J, Montero J (2016) A new modularity measure for fuzzy community detection problems based on overlap and grouping functions. Int J Approx Reason 74:88\u2013107","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"issue":"1","key":"10612_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6074579","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6074579","volume":"2022","author":"S Hosseini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hosseini S, Ahmadi Choukolaei H, Ghasemi P, Dardaei-beiragh H, Sherafatianfini S, Pourghader Chobar A (2022) Evaluating the performance of emergency centers during coronavirus epidemic using multi-criteria decision-making methods (Case Study: Sari City). Dis Dyn Nature Soc 2022(1):6074579","journal-title":"Dis Dyn Nature Soc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10612_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2011.05.001","volume":"52","author":"KY Huang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Huang KY, Chang TH, Chang TC (2011) Determination of the threshold value $$\\beta $$ of variable precision rough set by fuzzy algorithms. Int J Approx Reason 52(7):1056\u20131072","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"issue":"8","key":"10612_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2018.2883023","volume":"27","author":"H Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang H, Zhan J, Chen D (2018) Covering-based variable precision $$\\left( {\\cal{I} },{\\cal{T} }\\right) $$-fuzzy rough sets with applications to multiattribute decision-making. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 27(8):1558\u20131572","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"10612_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2012.12.009","volume":"229","author":"A Jurio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jurio A, Bustince H, Pagola M, Pradera A, Yager RR (2013) Some properties of overlap and grouping functions and their application to image thresholding. Fuzzy Set Syst 229:69\u201390","journal-title":"Fuzzy Set Syst"},{"key":"10612_CR33","volume":"37","author":"P Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li P, Wei C (2019) An emergency decision-making method based on DS evidence theory for probabilistic linguistic term sets. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct 37:101178","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Reduct"},{"issue":"3","key":"10612_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2008.01.006","volume":"48","author":"TJ Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li TJ, Leung Y, Zhang WX (2008) Generalized fuzzy rough approximation operators based on fuzzy coverings. Int J Approx Reason 48(3):836\u2013856","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"key":"10612_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2016.04.189","volume":"145","author":"B Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu B, Zhao X, Li Y (2016) Review and prospect of studies on emergency management. Procedia Eng 145:1501\u20131508","journal-title":"Procedia Eng"},{"key":"10612_CR36","first-page":"59","volume":"294","author":"L Ma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ma L (2016) Two fuzzy covering rough set models and their generalizations over fuzzy lattices. Fuzzy Sets Syst 294:59\u201370","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"issue":"69\u201384","key":"10612_CR37","first-page":"8","volume":"100","author":"L Ma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ma L (2018) The investigation of covering rough sets by Boolean matrices. Int J Approx Reason 100(69\u201384):8","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"key":"10612_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2011.01.030","volume":"181","author":"S Massanet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Massanet S, Torrens T (2011) On a new class of fuzzy implications: h-implications and generalizations. Inf Sci 181:2111\u20132127","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"10612_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2012.01.013","volume":"205","author":"S Massanet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Massanet S, Torrens T (2012) Threshold generation method of construction of a new implication from two given ones. Fuzzy Sets Syst 205:50\u201375","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"key":"10612_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2013.03.003","volume":"226","author":"S Massanet","year":"2013","unstructured":"Massanet S, Torrens T (2013) On the vertical threshold generation method of fuzzy implication and its properties. Fuzzy Sets Syst 226:232\u2013252","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"key":"10612_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2021.02.010","volume":"562","author":"R Paiva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paiva R, Santiago R, Bedregal B, Palmeira E (2021) Lattice-valued overlap and quasi-overlap functions. Inf Sci 562:180\u2013199","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"10612_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2021.04.008","volume":"134","author":"R Paiva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paiva R, Bedregal B, Santiago R, Vieira T (2021) Residuated implications derived from quasi-overlap functions on lattices. Int J Approx Reason 134:95\u2013110","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"key":"10612_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01001956","volume":"11","author":"Z Pawlak","year":"1982","unstructured":"Pawlak Z (1982) Rough sets. Int J Comput Inf Sci 11:341\u2013356","journal-title":"Int J Comput Inf Sci"},{"key":"10612_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinheiro J, Bedregal J, Santiago RH, Santos H (2017) $$(T,N)$$-implications, In: 2017 IEEE Int Conf Fuzzy Syst, pp 1-6","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZ-IEEE.2017.8015568"},{"key":"10612_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2016.03.010","volume":"17","author":"S Platt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Platt S, Drinkwater BD (2016) Post-earthquake decision making in Turkey: studies of Van and Izmir. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct 17:220\u2013237","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Reduct"},{"issue":"6","key":"10612_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2009.11.023","volume":"180","author":"YH Qian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Qian YH, Liang JY, Yao YY, Dang CY (2010) MGRS: a multi-granulation rough set. Inf Sci 180(6):949\u2013970","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"10612_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2020.06.075","volume":"542","author":"J Qiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qiao J (2021) Overlape and grouping functions on complete lattices. Inf Sci 542:406\u2013424","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"10612_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2021.02.001","volume":"132","author":"J Qiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qiao J (2021) On $$\\left( {\\cal{I} }_{O}, O\\right) $$-fuzzy rough sets based on overlap functions. Int J Approx Reason 132:26\u201348","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"key":"10612_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4127","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-022-04478-5","volume":"14","author":"N Rehman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rehman N, Ali A, Hila K (2023) Generalized fuzzy rough sets based on $$\\left( \\beta ,\\delta \\right) $$-fuzzy similarity relation and their application to emergency management. J Ambient Human Comput 14:4127\u20134155","journal-title":"J Ambient Human Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"10612_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2006.08.008","volume":"158","author":"D Ruiz-Aguilera","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ruiz-Aguilera D, Torrens J (2007) Distributivity of residual implications over conjunctive and disjunctive uninorms. Fuzzy Sets Syst 158(1):23\u201337","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"10612_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-004-0785-x","volume":"34","author":"SP Simonovic","year":"2005","unstructured":"Simonovic SP, Ahmad S (2005) Computer-based model for flood evacuation emergency planning. Nat Hazards 34(1):25\u201351","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"key":"10612_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3233\/FI-1996-272311","volume":"27","author":"A Skowron","year":"1996","unstructured":"Skowron A, Stepaniuk J (1996) Tolerance approximation spaces. Fundam Inform 27:245\u2013253","journal-title":"Fundam Inform"},{"key":"10612_CR53","first-page":"301","volume-title":"Rough Fuzzy Hybridization: A New Trend in Decision-Making","author":"R Slowinski","year":"1999","unstructured":"Slowinski R, Stefanowski J (1999) Medical information systems problems with analysis and way of solution. In: Pal SK, Skowron A (eds) Rough Fuzzy Hybridization: A New Trend in Decision-Making. Springer-Verlag, Singapore, pp 301\u2013315"},{"issue":"2","key":"10612_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1109\/69.842271","volume":"12","author":"R Slowinski","year":"2000","unstructured":"Slowinski R, Vanderpooten D (2000) A generalized definition of rough approximations based on similarity. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 12(2):331\u2013336","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"key":"10612_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2017.01.036","volume":"123","author":"B Sun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun B, Ma W, Qian YH (2017) Multigranulation fuzzy rough set over two universes and its application to decision making. Knowl-Based Syst 123:61\u201374","journal-title":"Knowl-Based Syst"},{"key":"10612_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2017.11.015","volume":"93","author":"B Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun B, Ma W, Li B, Li X (2018) Three-way decisions approach to multiple attribute group decision making with linguistic information-based decision-theoretic rough fuzzy set. Int J Approx Reason 93:424\u2013442","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"key":"10612_CR57","first-page":"1063","volume":"142","author":"B Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun B, Qi C, Ma W, Wang T (2020) Variable precision diversified attribute multigranulation fuzzy rough set-based multi-attribute group decision making problems. Comput Ind Eng 142:1063","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"10612_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2018.09.015","volume":"372","author":"Y Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang Y, Liu HW (2019) The modularity condition for overlap and grouping functions. Fuzzy Sets Syst 372:97\u2013110","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"issue":"2017","key":"10612_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.07.037","volume":"418","author":"L Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang L, Wang YM, Mart\u0131nez L (2017) A group decision method based on prospect theory for emergency situations. Inf Sci 418(2017):119\u2013135","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10612_CR60","first-page":"246","volume":"13","author":"WH Xu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xu WH, Wang QR, Zhang XT (2011) Multi-granulation fuzzy rough sets in a fuzzy tolerance approximation space. Int J Fuzzy Syst 13(4):246\u2013259","journal-title":"Int J Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"10612_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2003.04.001","volume":"167","author":"RR Yager","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yager RR (2004) On some new classes of implication operators and their role in approximate reasoning. Inf Sci 167:193\u2013216","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"10612_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2005.03.003","volume":"173","author":"P Yan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yan P, Chen GQ (2005) Discovering a cover set of ARsi with hierarchy from quantitative databases. Inf Sci 173:319\u2013336","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"10612_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2016.10.009","volume":"312","author":"B Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang B, Hu BQ (2017) On some types of fuzzy covering-based rough sets. Fuzzy Sets Syst 312:36\u201365","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"key":"10612_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2022.03.002","volume":"145","author":"D Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang D, Cai MJ, Li QG, Xu F (2022) Multigranulation fuzzy probabilistic rough set model on two universes. Int J Approx Reason 145:18\u201335","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"key":"10612_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-0255(98)10006-3","volume":"111","author":"YY Yao","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yao YY (1998) Relational interpretations of neighborhood operators and rough set approximation operators. Inf Sci 111:239\u2013259","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10612_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-111X(200101)16:1<87::AID-INT7>3.0.CO;2-S","volume":"16","author":"YY Yao","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yao YY (2001) Information granulation and rough set approximation. Int J Intell Syst 16(1):87\u2013104","journal-title":"Int J Intell Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"10612_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2009.09.021","volume":"180","author":"YY Yao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yao YY (2010) Three-way decisions with probabilistic rough sets. Inf Sci 180(3):341\u2013353","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"10612_CR68","volume":"161","author":"B Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu B, Cai M, Dai Li JQ (2020) A novel approach to predictive analysis using attribute-oriented rough fuzzy sets. Expert Syst Appl 161:113644","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"10612_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zadeh LA (1997) Toward a theory of fuzzy information granulation and its centrality in human reasoning and fuzzy logic. Fuzzy Sets Syst 90(2):111\u2013127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(97)00077-8"},{"key":"10612_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhan J, Sun B, Alcantud J (2019) Covering based multigranulation $$\\left( {\\cal{I} },{\\cal{T} }\\right) $$ -fuzzy rough set models and applications in multi-attribute group decision-making. Inf Sci 476:290\u2013318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2018.10.016"},{"key":"10612_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-018-3470-9","volume":"23","author":"L Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang L, Zhan J, Alcantud J (2019) Novel classes of fuzzy soft coverings based fuzzy rough sets with applications to multi-criteria fuzzy group decision making. Soft Comput 23:5327\u20135351","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"10612_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang L, Zhan J (2019) Fuzzy soft $$\\beta $$ -covering based fuzzy rough sets and corresponding decision-making applications. Int J Mach Learn Cybern, 10:1487-1502","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-018-0828-3"},{"key":"10612_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2015.09.003","volume":"68","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao Z (2016) On some types of covering rough sets from topological points of view. Int J Approx Reason 68:1\u201314","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"key":"10612_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2019.11.011","volume":"403","author":"H Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou H, Yan X (2021) Migrativity properties of overlap functions over uninorms. Fuzzy Sets Syst 403:10\u201337","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"key":"10612_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2017.09.037","volume":"27","author":"L Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou L, Wu X, Xu Z, Fujita H (2017) Emergency decision making for natural disasters: an overview. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct 27:567\u2013576","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Reduct"},{"issue":"22","key":"10612_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2007.05.037","volume":"177","author":"W Zhu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhu W (2007) Generalized rough sets based on relations. Inf Sci 177(22):4997\u20135011","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"10612_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2006.06.009","volume":"177","author":"W Zhu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhu W (2007) Topological approaches to covering rough sets. Inf Sci 177:1499\u20131508","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"10612_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-0255(03)00056-2","volume":"152","author":"W Zhu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhu W, Wang F (2003) Reduction and axiomization of covering generalized rough sets. Inf Sci 152:217\u2013230","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"10612_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2007.1044","volume":"19","author":"W Zhu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhu W, Wang F (2007) On three types of covering-based rough sets. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 19:1131\u20131144","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"key":"10612_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0000(93)90048-2","volume":"46","author":"W Ziarko","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ziarko W (1993) Variable precision rough sets model. J Comput Syst Sci 46:39\u201359","journal-title":"J Comput Syst Sci"}],"container-title":["Soft Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-025-10612-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00500-025-10612-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-025-10612-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T10:47:19Z","timestamp":1773658039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00500-025-10612-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10612"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-025-10612-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-7643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 December 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no Conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}