{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T10:00:59Z","timestamp":1774605659816,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770422400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2022-03514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2022-03514"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004489","name":"Mitacs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004489","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soft Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-025-11010-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T03:41:53Z","timestamp":1770435713000},"page":"2353-2374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A distributionally robust approach to emergency logistics of hazardous materials with random response time"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7553-3352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franklin","family":"Onwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5951-0580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ginger Y.","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Tulett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"11010_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1080\/23302674.2021.1914767","volume":"9","author":"F Akbari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akbari F, Valizadeh J, Hafezalkotob A (2022) Robust cooperative planning of relief logistics operations under demand uncertainty: a case study on a possible earthquake in Tehran. Int J Syst Sci Oper Logist 9:405\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23302674.2021.1914767","journal-title":"Int J Syst Sci Oper Logist"},{"key":"11010_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3883","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-022-06823-4","volume":"26","author":"A Aliakbari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aliakbari A, Rashidi Komijan A, Tavakkoli-Moghaddam R, Najafi E (2022) A new robust optimization model for relief logistics planning under uncertainty: a real-case study. Soft Comput 26:3883\u20133901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-022-06823-4","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"11010_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/03155986.1995.11732263","volume":"33","author":"E Alp","year":"1995","unstructured":"Alp E (1995) Risk-based transportation planning practice: overall methodology and a case example. INFOR Inf Syst Oper Res 33:4\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03155986.1995.11732263","journal-title":"INFOR Inf Syst Oper Res"},{"key":"11010_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2015.07.006","volume":"82","author":"S An","year":"2015","unstructured":"An S, Cui N, Bai Y, Xie W, Chen M, Ouyang Y (2015) Reliable emergency service facility location under facility disruption, en-route congestion, and in-facility queuing. Transp Res E Logist Transp Rev 82:199\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2015.07.006","journal-title":"Transp Res E Logist Transp Rev"},{"key":"11010_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2018.09.009","volume":"119","author":"M Bababeik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bababeik M, Khademi N, Chen A (2018) Increasing the resilience level of a vulnerable rail network: the strategy of location and allocation of emergency relief trains. Transp Res E Logist Transp Rev 119:110\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2018.09.009","journal-title":"Transp Res E Logist Transp Rev"},{"key":"11010_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1937-5956.2010.01194.x","volume":"20","author":"O Baron","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baron O, Milner J, Naseraldin H (2011) Facility location: a robust optimization approach. Prod Oper Manag 20:772\u2013785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1937-5956.2010.01194.x","journal-title":"Prod Oper Manag"},{"key":"11010_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben-Tal A, El\u00a0Ghaoui L, Nemirovski A (2009) Robust optimization. vol 28. Princeton university press","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400831050"},{"key":"11010_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00011380","volume":"88","author":"A Ben-Tal","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ben-Tal A, Nemirovski A (2000) Robust solutions of linear programming problems contaminated with uncertain data. Math Program 88:411\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/PL00011380","journal-title":"Math Program"},{"key":"11010_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2005.06.006","volume":"34","author":"O Berman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Berman O, Verter V, Kara BY (2007) Designing emergency response networks for hazardous materials transportation. Comput Oper Res 34:1374\u20131388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cor.2005.06.006","journal-title":"Comput Oper Res"},{"key":"11010_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2023.106404","volume":"161","author":"KH Chang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chang KH, Chiang YC, Chang TY (2024) Simultaneous location and vehicle fleet sizing of relief goods distribution centers and vehicle routing for post-disaster logistics. Comput Oper Res 161:106404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cor.2023.106404","journal-title":"Comput Oper Res"},{"key":"11010_CR11","unstructured":"Chinese National Registered Architect Management Committee (1995) Architect Technical Economy and Management (Trial Edition). Datu Xu"},{"key":"11010_CR12","first-page":"354","volume":"9","author":"AP Chobar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chobar AP, Ara MS, Pirbalouti SM, Khadem M, Bahrami S (2022) A multi-objective location-routing problem model for multi-device relief logistics under uncertainty using meta-heuristic algorithm. J Appl Res Ind Eng 9:354\u2013373","journal-title":"J Appl Res Ind Eng"},{"key":"11010_CR13","unstructured":"Cookman L (2020) What caused the Beirut explosion? everything we know so far. https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/mena\/what-caused-the-beirut-explosion-everything-we-know-so-far-1.1059236. Accessed: 2023-12-06"},{"key":"11010_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.1090.0741","volume":"58","author":"E Delage","year":"2010","unstructured":"Delage E, Ye Y (2010) Distributionally robust optimization under moment uncertainty with application to data-driven problems. Oper Res 58:595\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/opre.1090.0741","journal-title":"Oper Res"},{"key":"11010_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-022-05578-3","volume":"115","author":"J Du","year":"2023","unstructured":"Du J, Wu P, Wang Y, Yang D (2023) Multi-stage humanitarian emergency logistics: robust decisions in uncertain environment. Nat Hazards 115:899\u2013922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11069-022-05578-3","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"key":"11010_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2023.02.038","volume":"310","author":"O Dukkanci","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dukkanci O, Koberstein A, Kara BY (2023) Drones for relief logistics under uncertainty after an earthquake. Eur J Oper Res 310:117\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2023.02.038","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"11010_CR17","first-page":"893","volume":"3","author":"E Ehsan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ehsan E, Makui A, Shahanaghi K (2012) Emergency response network design for hazardous materials transportation with uncertain demand. Int J Ind Eng Comput 3:893\u2013906","journal-title":"Int J Ind Eng Comput"},{"key":"11010_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.24200\/sci.2020.54485.3770","volume":"29","author":"AA Eshghi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eshghi AA, Tavakkoli-Moghaddam R, Ebrahimnejad S, Ghezavati VR (2022) Multi-objective robust mathematical modeling of emergency relief in disaster under uncertainty. Scientia Iranica 29:2670\u20132695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24200\/sci.2020.54485.3770","journal-title":"Scientia Iranica"},{"key":"11010_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2020.106782","volume":"149","author":"X Gao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gao X, Cao C (2020) Multi-commodity rebalancing and transportation planning considering traffic congestion and uncertainties in disaster response. Comput Ind Eng 149:106782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cie.2020.106782","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"11010_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2022.103735","volume":"141","author":"Z Ghelichi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ghelichi Z, Gentili M, Mirchandani PB (2022) Drone logistics for uncertain demand of disaster-impacted populations. Transp Res Part C-Emerg 141:103735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trc.2022.103735","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C-Emerg"},{"key":"11010_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3141\/1873-01","volume":"1873","author":"G Hamouda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hamouda G, Saccomanno F, Fu L (2004) Quantitative risk assessment decision-support model for locating hazardous materials teams. Transp Res Rec J Transp Res Rec 1873:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3141\/1873-01","journal-title":"Transp Res Rec J Transp Res Rec"},{"key":"11010_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiahong Z, Bin S (2010) A new multi-objective model of location-allocation in emergency response network design for hazardous materials transportation. In: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Emergency Management and Management Sciences. pp 246\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICEMMS.2010.5563457","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEMMS.2010.5563457"},{"key":"11010_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370291","DOI":"10.3389\/fenrg.2024.1370291","volume":"12","author":"W Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang W, Yang Y, Hu A, Liu Y, Hong S (2024) Emergency materials management of petrochemical accidents considering the randomness and uncertainty base on stochastic programming. Front Energy Res 12:1370291","journal-title":"Front Energy Res"},{"key":"11010_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2021.105557","volume":"138","author":"GY Ke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ke GY (2022) Managing reliable emergency logistics for hazardous materials: a two-stage robust optimization approach. Comput Oper Res 138:105557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cor.2021.105557","journal-title":"Comput Oper Res"},{"key":"11010_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11518-023-5554-z","volume":"32","author":"GY Ke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ke GY, Bookbinder JH (2023) Emergency logistics management for hazardous materials with demand uncertainty and link unavailability. J Syst Sci Syst Eng 32:175\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11518-023-5554-z","journal-title":"J Syst Sci Syst Eng"},{"key":"11010_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ke GY, Hu XF, Xue XL (2022) Using the shapley value to mitigate the emergency rescue risk for hazardous materials. Group Decis Negot :16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10726-021-09760-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s10726-021-09760-z"},{"key":"11010_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1080\/03081079.2023.2269469","volume":"53","author":"GY Ke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ke GY, Shakeri Nezhad S, Tulett DM (2024) Regulating hazardous material transportation: a scenario-based network design approach with integrated risk-mitigation mechanisms. Int J Gen Syst 53:184\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03081079.2023.2269469","journal-title":"Int J Gen Syst"},{"key":"11010_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2022.102789","volume":"164","author":"T Kundu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kundu T, Sheu JB, Kuo HT (2022) Emergency logistics management\u2013review and propositions for future research. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 164:102789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2022.102789","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev"},{"key":"11010_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-86129-1","volume":"15","author":"H Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li H, Yu D, Zhang Y, Yuan Y (2025) A two-stage robust optimization model for emergency service facilities location-allocation problem under demand uncertainty and sustainable development. Sci Rep 15:2895","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"11010_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li Q (2023) Study on emergency logistics location-route problem under uncertain demand. In: Second International Conference on Algorithms, Microchips, and Network Applications (AMNA 2023), SPIE. pp 122\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/12.2679063","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2679063"},{"key":"11010_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1109\/17.669759","volume":"45","author":"G List","year":"1998","unstructured":"List G, Turnquist M (1998) Routing and emergency-response-team siting for high-level radioactive waste shipments. IEEE Trans Eng Manage 45:141\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/17.669759","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Eng Manage"},{"key":"11010_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"List GF (1993) Siting emergency response teams: Tradeoffs among response time, risk, risk equity and cost. In: Moses LN, Lindstrom D (eds) Transportation of hazardous materials. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 117\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4615-3222-4-9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-3222-4-9"},{"key":"11010_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2018.11.012","volume":"119","author":"K Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu K, Li Q, Zhang ZH (2019) Distributionally robust optimization of an emergency medical service station location and sizing problem with joint chance constraints. Transp Res Part B Methodol 119:79\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trb.2018.11.012","journal-title":"Transp Res Part B Methodol"},{"key":"11010_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2019.05.008","volume":"128","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Y, Cui N, Zhang J (2019) Integrated temporary facility location and casualty allocation planning for post-disaster humanitarian medical service. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 128:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2019.05.008","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev"},{"key":"11010_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5394","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08887-6","volume":"12","author":"J Ming","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ming J, Richard JPP, Qin R, Zhu J (2022) Distributionally robust optimization for fire station location under uncertainties. Sci Rep 12:5394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-08887-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"11010_CR36","unstructured":"Ministry of Transport of the People\u2019s Republic of China (2018) Highway engineering estimation index (JTG 3821\u20132018). Ministry of Transport of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Technical Report"},{"key":"11010_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2011.03.017","volume":"39","author":"N Noyan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Noyan N (2012) Risk-averse two-stage stochastic programming with an application to disaster management. Comput Oper Res 39:541\u2013559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cor.2011.03.017","journal-title":"Comput Oper Res"},{"key":"11010_CR38","unstructured":"Rance L (2023) Ohio train derailment: an ecological and human health disaster? https:\/\/earth.org\/ohio-trail-derailment\/"},{"key":"11010_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6176756","volume":"2022","author":"X Ren","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ren X, Tan J (2022) Location allocation collaborative optimization of emergency temporary distribution center under uncertainties. Math Probl Eng 2022:e6176756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/6176756","journal-title":"Math Probl Eng"},{"key":"11010_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2013.12.006","volume":"62","author":"SJ Rennemo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rennemo SJ, R\u00f8 KF, Hvattum LM, Tirado G (2014) A three-stage stochastic facility routing model for disaster response planning. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 62:116\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2013.12.006","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev"},{"key":"11010_CR41","first-page":"1","volume":"1193","author":"FF Saccomanno","year":"1988","unstructured":"Saccomanno FF, Allen B (1988) Locating emergency response capability for dangerous goods incidents on a road network. Transp Res Rec 1193:1\u20139","journal-title":"Transp Res Rec"},{"key":"11010_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2014.07.015","volume":"62","author":"FS Salman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salman FS, Y\u00fccel E (2015) Emergency facility location under random network damage: insights from the Istanbul case. Comput Oper Res 62:266\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cor.2014.07.015","journal-title":"Comput Oper Res"},{"key":"11010_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sanada T, Ishigaki A (2023) Modeling of inventory routing problem with intermediate locations in emergency logistics considering uncertainty of road conditions, In: Huang CY, Dekkers R, Chiu SF, Popescu D, Quezada L (eds.) Intelligent and transformative production in pandemic times, Springer International Publishing, Cham. pp 41\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-18641-7-5","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-18641-7-5"},{"key":"11010_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shehadeh KS, Tucker EL (2022) Stochastic optimization models for location and inventory prepositioning of disaster relief supplies. arXiv:2012.05387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2022.103871"},{"key":"11010_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2020.102178","volume":"146","author":"J Shu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shu J, Lv W, Na Q (2021) Humanitarian relief supply network design: expander graph based approach and a case study of 2013 Flood in Northeast China. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 146:102178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2020.102178","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev"},{"key":"11010_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s11067-014-9236-8","volume":"14","author":"H Sun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sun H, Gao Z, Szeto WY, Long J, Zhao F (2014) A distributionally robust joint chance constrained optimization model for the dynamic network design problem under demand uncertainty. Netw Spat Econ 14:409\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11067-014-9236-8","journal-title":"Netw Spat Econ"},{"key":"11010_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2021.102578","volume":"157","author":"H Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun H, Li J, Wang T, Xue Y (2022) A novel scenario-based robust bi-objective optimization model for humanitarian logistics network under risk of disruptions. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 157:102578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2021.102578","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev"},{"key":"11010_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2016.10.005","volume":"79","author":"M Taslimi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taslimi M, Batta R, Kwon C (2017) A comprehensive modeling framework for hazmat network design, hazmat response team location, and equity of risk. Comput Oper Res 79:119\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cor.2016.10.005","journal-title":"Comput Oper Res"},{"key":"11010_CR49","unstructured":"Transportation Research Board (2011) A guide for assessing community emergency response needs and capabilities for hazardous materials releases. Transportation research board"},{"key":"11010_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2021.105332","volume":"141","author":"A Vaezi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vaezi A, Dalal J, Verma M (2021) Designing emergency response network for rail hazmat shipments under uncertainties: optimization model and case study. Saf Sci 141:105332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssci.2021.105332","journal-title":"Saf Sci"},{"key":"11010_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2021.105332","volume":"141","author":"A Vaezi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vaezi A, Dalal J, Verma M (2021) Designing emergency response network for rail hazmat shipments under uncertainties: optimization model and case study. Saf Sci 141:105332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssci.2021.105332","journal-title":"Saf Sci"},{"key":"11010_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app15073859","volume":"15","author":"V Verter","year":"2025","unstructured":"Verter V, Hu P, Zhao J (2025) Coordination in emergency response system design: an application to hazardous materials transportation. Appl Sci 15:3859","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"11010_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2022.105530","volume":"117","author":"M Wan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wan M, Ye C, Peng D (2023) Multi-period dynamic multi-objective emergency material distribution model under uncertain demand. Eng Appl Artif Intell 117:105530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2022.105530","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"11010_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2021.2013559","volume":"61","author":"D Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang D, Yang K, Yang L (2023) Risk-averse two-stage distributionally robust optimisation for logistics planning in disaster relief management. Int J Prod Res 61:668\u2013691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207543.2021.2013559","journal-title":"Int J Prod Res"},{"key":"11010_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2021.102344","volume":"150","author":"J Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang J, Cai J, Yue X, Suresh NC (2021) Pre-positioning and real-time disaster response operations: optimization with mobile phone location data. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 150:102344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2021.102344","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev"},{"key":"11010_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2021.102465","volume":"154","author":"W Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang W, Wu S, Wang S, Zhen L, Qu X (2021) Emergency facility location problems in logistics: status and perspectives. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 154:102465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2021.102465","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev"},{"key":"11010_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1080\/01605682.2020.1843983","volume":"73","author":"W Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang W, Yang K, Yang L, Gao Z (2022) Tractable approximations for the distributionally robust conditional vertex p -center problem: application to the location of high-speed railway emergency rescue stations. J Oper Res Soc 73:525\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01605682.2020.1843983","journal-title":"J Oper Res Soc"},{"key":"11010_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6608","DOI":"10.3390\/app13116608","volume":"13","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Y, Wang J, Chen J, Liu K (2023) Optimal location of emergency facility sites for railway dangerous goods transportation under uncertain conditions. Appl Sci 13:6608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app13116608","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"11010_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2023.104314","volume":"155","author":"D Xia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xia D, Ma J, Sharif Azadeh S, Zhang W (2023) Data-driven distributionally robust timetabling and dynamic-capacity allocation for automated bus systems with modular vehicles. Transp Res Part C Emerg Tech 155:104314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trc.2023.104314","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C Emerg Tech"},{"key":"11010_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/517372","volume":"2013","author":"J Xu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xu J, Gang J, Lei X (2013) Hazmats transportation network design model with emergency response under complex fuzzy environment. Math Probl Eng 2013:e517372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/517372","journal-title":"Math Probl Eng"},{"key":"11010_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2019.04.056","volume":"74","author":"F Yin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yin F, Chen Y, Song F, Liu Y (2019) A new distributionally robust P-hub median problem with uncertain carbon emissions and its tractable approximation method. Appl Math Model 74:668\u2013693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apm.2019.04.056","journal-title":"Appl Math Model"},{"key":"11010_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2023.102805","volume":"176","author":"G Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang G, Jia N, Zhu N, He L, Adulyasak Y (2023) Humanitarian transportation network design via two-stage distributionally robust optimization. Transp Res Part B Methodol 176:102805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trb.2023.102805","journal-title":"Transp Res Part B Methodol"},{"key":"11010_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.118139","volume":"208","author":"J Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang J, Li Y, Yu G (2022) Emergency relief network design under ambiguous demands: a distributionally robust optimization approach. Expert Syst Appl 208:118139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.118139","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"11010_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2023.103087","volume":"172","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang J, Long DZ, Li Y (2023) A reliable emergency logistics network for COVID-19 considering the uncertain time-varying demands. Transp Res E Logist Transp Rev 172:103087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2023.103087","journal-title":"Transp Res E Logist Transp Rev"},{"key":"11010_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2024.110826","volume":"200","author":"L Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang L, Yuan N, Wang J, Li J (2025) Research on location-inventory-routing optimization of emergency logistics based on multiple reliability under uncertainty. Comput Ind Eng 200:110826","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"11010_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-04362-z","volume":"24","author":"P Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang P, Liu Y, Yang G, Zhang G (2020) A distributionally robust optimization model for designing humanitarian relief network with resource reallocation. Soft Comput 24:2749\u20132767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-019-04362-z","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"11010_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s11518-019-5429-5","volume":"28","author":"J Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao J, Ke GY (2019) Optimizing emergency logistics for the offsite hazardous waste management. J Syst Sci Syst Eng 28:747\u2013765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11518-019-5429-5","journal-title":"J Syst Sci Syst Eng"},{"key":"11010_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2025.111343","volume":"208","author":"J Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao J, Zhang L, Wu J, Ke GY (2025) Managing emergency logistics for hazardous materials with random severity level and link disruption: a distributionally robust optimization approach. Comput Ind Eng 208:111343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cie.2025.111343","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"11010_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2008.01.004","volume":"16","author":"KG Zografos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zografos KG, Androutsopoulos KN (2008) A decision support system for integrated hazardous materials routing and emergency response decisions. Transp Res Part C Emerg Tech 16:684\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trc.2008.01.004","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C Emerg Tech"}],"container-title":["Soft Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-025-11010-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00500-025-11010-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00500-025-11010-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T09:24:36Z","timestamp":1774603476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00500-025-11010-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["11010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-025-11010-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-7643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}