{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T18:25:36Z","timestamp":1759775136131,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Elektrotech. Inftech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Even though the current war in Ukraine has led to a\u00a0short-time renaissance of coal-fired power plants, the age of coal-based power generation is about to end. Nevertheless, the coal-fired power plants no longer needed for their original purpose are still valuable assets. In this paper, we consider three technological approaches for repurposing them: gas-to-power (operation of combined cycle gas turbine plants), power-to-gas (operation of electrolysis plants for feeding hydrogen into the gas grid), and a\u00a0combination of the two technologies mentioned above. Our aim is to find optimal operating modes in terms of profit for the three approaches. For this, we use a\u00a0mixed-integer linear multi-variable optimization model and time-resolved price forecasts for electricity and gas for 2030 and 2040. Our results show that, also in future energy systems, gas-to-power plants allow for economic benefits: In times of district heat demand, they operate in the spot market and profit from dual revenues. Balance and ancillary markets allow for additional revenues from the capacity provision. Power-to-gas plants do not show the same good economic performance. However, they allow for an economically sound operation and gain most of their profits in the spot market. Compared to the others, combined plants do not offer economic advantages. In our paper, we also investigate the currently high energy price situation. It allows for payback periods of power-to-gas plants as anticipated for 2040. For this reason, long-term high prices may accelerate the deployment of such future technologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00502-022-01090-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T14:02:58Z","timestamp":1666965778000},"page":"632-643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optimization-based investigation of different repurposing concepts for Austrian coal-fired power plants","Optimierungsbasierte Betrachtung unterschiedlicher Nachnutzungskonzepte \u00f6sterreichischer Kohlekraftwerksstandorte"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1297-0808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Kienberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Traupmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Cvetkovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1090_CR1","unstructured":"Mellach: Ein Kraftwerk erwacht aus dem Tiefschlaf. https:\/\/kurier.at\/politik\/inland\/mellach-ein-kraftwerk-erwacht-aus-dem-tiefschlaf\/402053494. Accessed 17.10.2022"},{"key":"1090_CR2","unstructured":"Climate Analytics. Coal phase-out. https:\/\/climateanalytics.org\/briefings\/coal-phase-out\/. Accessed 17.10.2022"},{"key":"1090_CR3","volume-title":"A stress test for coal in Europe under the Paris Agreement: Scientific goalposts for a\u00a0coordinated phase-out and divestment","author":"M Rocha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rocha\u00a0M, Parra\u00a0PY, Sferra\u00a0F, Schaeffer\u00a0M, Roming\u00a0N, Ancygier\u00a0A et al (2017) A stress test for coal in Europe under the Paris Agreement: Scientific goalposts for a\u00a0coordinated phase-out and divestment"},{"key":"1090_CR4","unstructured":"Re-purposing Coal Power Plants during Energy Transition (RECPP). www.recpp.eu. Accessed 17.10.2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"1090_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloei.2021.09.007","volume":"4","author":"F Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song\u00a0F, Mehedi\u00a0H, Liang\u00a0C, Meng\u00a0J, Chen\u00a0Z, Shi\u00a0F (2021) Review of transition paths for coal-fired power plants. Glob Energy Interconnect 4(4):354\u2013370","journal-title":"Glob Energy Interconnect"},{"key":"1090_CR6","unstructured":"Randall C Second life for a\u00a0coal power plant in Germany. https:\/\/www.electrive.com\/2020\/11\/24\/second-life-for-a-coal-power-plant-in-germany\/ (Created 21 Apr 2022). Accessed 17.10.2022"},{"key":"1090_CR7","volume-title":"Repurposing of exisiting coal-fired power plants into thermal storage plants for renewable power in Chile","author":"M Geyer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Geyer\u00a0M, Trieb\u00a0F, Giuliano\u00a0S (2020) Repurposing of exisiting coal-fired power plants into thermal storage plants for renewable power in Chile"},{"key":"1090_CR8","volume-title":"Repurposing of legacy power plants\u2014lessons for the future","author":"MI Slavin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Slavin\u00a0MI, Brown\u00a0TM (2011) Repurposing of legacy power plants\u2014lessons for the future"},{"key":"1090_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Traupmann\u00a0A, Greiml\u00a0M, Steinegger\u00a0J, K\u00fchberger\u00a0L, Kienberger\u00a0T (2022) Analyzing sector coupling technologies for re-purposing coal-fired power plants in MES\u2014case study for the ENTSO\u2011E grid area. Appl Energy (under review)","DOI":"10.1049\/esi2.12087"},{"issue":"1","key":"1090_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1787513","volume":"127","author":"P Chiesa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chiesa\u00a0P, Lozza\u00a0G, Mazzocchi\u00a0L (2005) Using hydrogen as gas turbine fuel. J\u00a0Eng Gas Turbines Power 127(1):73\u201380","journal-title":"J Eng Gas Turbines Power"},{"key":"1090_CR11","volume-title":"Power to gas: hydrogen for power generation\u2014fuel flexible gas turbines as enablers for a\u00a0low or reduced carbon energy ecosystem","author":"J Goldmeer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goldmeer\u00a0J (2019) Power to gas: hydrogen for power generation\u2014fuel flexible gas turbines as enablers for a\u00a0low or reduced carbon energy ecosystem"},{"key":"1090_CR12","volume-title":"Hydrogen power with Siemens gas turbines reliable carbon-free power with flexibility","author":"Siemens Energy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Siemens Energy (2020) Hydrogen power with Siemens gas turbines reliable carbon-free power with flexibility"},{"key":"1090_CR13","unstructured":"General Electric, DOE (2022) Accelerating the Path towards 100\u202f% Hydrogen Combustion in Gas Turbines. Press Release"},{"key":"1090_CR14","unstructured":"Turbines driven purely by hydrogen in the pipeline. https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d42473-020-00545-7. Accessed 17.10.2022"},{"key":"1090_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2021.10.035","author":"S \u00d6berg","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u00d6berg\u00a0S, Odenberger\u00a0M, Johnsson\u00a0F (2022) Exploring the competitiveness of hydrogen-fueled gas turbines in future energy systems. Int J Hydrogen Energy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2021.10.035","journal-title":"Int J Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"1090_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s43979-022-00022-8","volume":"1","author":"T Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang\u00a0T, Cao\u00a0X, Jiao\u00a0L (2022) PEM water electrolysis for hydrogen production: fundamentals, advances, and prospects. Carb Neutrality 1:21","journal-title":"Carb Neutrality"},{"key":"1090_CR17","unstructured":"Ghezel-Ayagh\u00a0H (2021) Solid oxide electrolysis system demonstration. FuelCell Energy Inc, US Department of Energy"},{"key":"1090_CR18","unstructured":"Record breaker World\u2019s largest green hydrogen project, with 150\u202fMW electrolyser, brought on line in China, Baofeng Energy\u2019s record-breaking facility achieves full commissioning as Chinese oil giant Sinopec begins construction of 260\u202fMW plant. https:\/\/www.rechargenews.com\/energy-transition\/record-breaker-world-s-largest-green-hydrogen-project-with-150mw-electrolyser-brought-on-line-in-china\/2-1-1160799. Accessed 17.10.2022"},{"key":"1090_CR19","unstructured":"Construction of world\u2019s largest PEM electrolyzer completed. http:\/\/www.gasprocessingnews.com\/news\/construction-of-worlds-largest-pem-electrolyzer-completed.aspx. Accessed 17.10.2022"},{"key":"1090_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-019-0326-1","volume":"4","author":"G Glenk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Glenk\u00a0G, Reichelstein\u00a0S (2019) Economics of converting renewable power to hydrogen. Nat Energy 4:216\u2013222","journal-title":"Nat Energy"},{"issue":"21","key":"1090_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2015.03.117","volume":"40","author":"R Loisel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Loisel\u00a0R, Baranger\u00a0L, Chemouri\u00a0N, Spinu\u00a0S, Pardo\u00a0S (2015) Economic evaluation of hybrid off-shore wind power and hydrogen storage system. Int J Hydrogen Energy 40(21):6727\u20136739","journal-title":"Int J Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"1090_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2019.09.22","author":"Y Dongmin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dongmin\u00a0Y, Jiawei\u00a0W, Dezhi\u00a0L, Kittisak\u00a0J, Sayyad\u00a0N (2019) Risk-averse stochastic operation of a power system integrated with hydrogen storage system and wind generation in the presence of demand response program. Int J Hydrogen Energy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2019.09.22","journal-title":"Int J Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"1090_CR23","series-title":"IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2006.878245","volume-title":"Operation planning of hydrogen storage connected to wind power operating in a\u00a0power market","author":"Korpas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Korpas, Holen\u00a0AT (2006) Operation planning of hydrogen storage connected to wind power operating in a\u00a0power market. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion"},{"key":"1090_CR24","volume-title":"Woodhead publishing series in energy, compendium of hydrogen energy","author":"VN Nguyen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nguyen\u00a0VN, Blum\u00a0L (2016) 5\u2014Reversible fuel cells. In: Barbir\u00a0F, Basile\u00a0A, Veziro\u011flu\u00a0TN (eds) Woodhead publishing series in energy, compendium of hydrogen energy. Woodhead Publishing,"},{"key":"1090_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sunfire (2016) Sunfire supplies Boeing with world\u2019s largest commercial reversible electrolysis (rSOC) system. Press release","DOI":"10.1016\/S1464-2859(16)70002-2"},{"key":"1090_CR26","unstructured":"FIRST fully integrated reversible solid oxide cell sysTEm. https:\/\/energieforschung.at\/projekt\/fully-integrated-reversible-solid-oxide-cell-system\/. Accessed 17.10.2022"},{"key":"1090_CR27","unstructured":"APG Austrian Power Grid EXAA spot market prices: day ahead prices. https:\/\/www.apg.at\/en\/markt\/Markttransparenz\/cross-border-exchange\/EXAA-Spotmarkt (Created 4 Apr 2022). Accessed 17.10.2022"},{"key":"1090_CR28","unstructured":"Energy Brainpool Update: EU energy outlook 2050\u2014how will Europe evolve over the next 30\u00a0years? https:\/\/blog.energybrainpool.com\/en\/update-eu-energy-outlook-2050-how-will-europe-evolve-over-the-next-30-years\/ (Created 4 Apr 2022). Accessed 17.10.2022"},{"key":"1090_CR29","unstructured":"Energy Brainpool Trends in the development of electricity prices\u2014EU Energy Outlook 2050. https:\/\/blog.energybrainpool.com\/en\/trends-in-the-development-of-electricity-prices-eu-energy-outlook-2050\/ (Created 4 Apr 2022). Accessed 17.10.2022"},{"key":"1090_CR30","unstructured":"European Energy Exchange eex Market data\u2014natural gas. https:\/\/www.eex.com\/de\/marktdaten\/erdgas (Created 4 Apr 2022). Accessed 17.10.2022"},{"key":"1090_CR31","volume-title":"Pathways for ramping-up hydrogen into the natural gas system","author":"R Cvetkovska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cvetkovska\u00a0R, Nagovnak\u00a0P, Kienberger\u00a0T (2022) Pathways for ramping-up hydrogen into the natural gas system. Proceedings of the 17th Symposium Energieinnovation (EnInnov)."},{"key":"1090_CR32","unstructured":"Environment Agency Austria Scenarios WEM and WAM (2019)\u2014Energy economic scenario with regard to energy and climate targets"},{"key":"1090_CR33","unstructured":"APG Austrian Power Grid AG Commission regulation (EU) NO.543\/2013: Atricle 17.1.a:rules on balancing"},{"key":"1090_CR34","unstructured":"Spieker\u00a0S, Kopiske\u00a0J, Tsatsaronis\u00a0G Flexibilit\u00e4t aus Wind- und Photovoltaikanlagen im Regelenergiemarkt 2035, p 14"},{"key":"1090_CR35","volume-title":"dena-Studie Systemdienstleistungen 2030: Sicherheit und Zuverl\u00e4ssigkeit einer Stromversorgung mit hohem Anteil an erneuerbarer Energie","author":"Deutsche Energie-Agentur","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deutsche Energie-Agentur (2014) dena-Studie Systemdienstleistungen 2030: Sicherheit und Zuverl\u00e4ssigkeit einer Stromversorgung mit hohem Anteil an erneuerbarer Energie"},{"issue":"4","key":"1090_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.3390\/en13040843","volume":"13","author":"C Sejkora","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sejkora\u00a0C, K\u00fchberger\u00a0L, Radner\u00a0F, Trattner\u00a0A, Kienberger\u00a0T (2020) Exergy as criteria for efficient energy systems\u2014A spatially resolved comparison of the current Exergy consumption, the current useful Exergy demand and renewable Exergy potential. Energies 13(4):843","journal-title":"Energies"}],"container-title":["e &amp; i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00502-022-01090-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00502-022-01090-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00502-022-01090-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T08:12:56Z","timestamp":1671091976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00502-022-01090-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1090"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00502-022-01090-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-383X","1613-7620"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0932-383X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1613-7620"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 October 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}