{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T22:43:04Z","timestamp":1774392184395,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004115","name":"Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004115","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Elektrotech. Inftech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>With the increasing use of novel semiconductor technologies such as SiC and GaN in inverter-fed electrical machines, the switching losses of the power electronics can be reduced. However, this leads to steeper voltage gradients, resulting in a\u00a0strongly nonlinear transient potential distribution along the winding of the electrical machine. As a\u00a0result, the insulation system \u2013 especially the turn-to-turn insulation \u2013 is subjected to additional voltage stress. To carry out targeted dimensioning of the insulation system, it is necessary to calculate the transient potential distribution in advance. In the design of a\u00a0hairpin winding, it is possible to influence the transient potential differences by employing a method called \u201cshifting\u201d within the winding scheme and thus to reduce the maximum potential differences that occur. On this basis, a\u00a0targeted design of winding plans with hairpins can be achieved. Here, both the transient potential differences between the conductors within a\u00a0slot of the stator core and the potential differences between the conductors of different phases in the end winding region of the machine are considered. Furthermore, the voltage differences between the conductors and the stator core are determined and compared for different variants. In this way, it is possible to reduce the amount of material used in the insulation system. Finally, an advantageous winding layout plan based on reduced potential differences is compared with a\u00a0reference plan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00502-023-01129-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:50:23Z","timestamp":1679878223000},"page":"271-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Design of hairpin windings considering the transient potential distribution","Entwurf von Haarnadelwicklungen unter Ber\u00fccksichtigung der transienten Potenzialverteilung"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"140","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2125-0941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jochen","family":"Dittmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marc","family":"England","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Ponick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1129_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Juergens, A.\u00a0Fricass\u00e8, L.\u00a0Marengo, J.\u00a0Gragger, M.\u00a0De\u00a0Gennaro, and B.\u00a0Ponick, \u201cInnovative design of an air cooled ferrite permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machine for automotive traction application,\u201d pp.\u00a0803\u2013810, 2016.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICELMACH.2016.7732618"},{"key":"1129_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.\u00a0Han, S.\u00a0Li, Y.\u00a0Wu, W.\u00a0Choi, and B.\u00a0Sarlioglu, \u201cComparative analysis on conducted cm emi emission of motor drives: Wbg versus si devices,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol.\u00a064, no.\u00a010, pp.\u00a08353\u20138363, 2017.","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2017.2681968"},{"key":"1129_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.\u00a0Merkert, T.\u00a0Krone, and A.\u00a0Mertens, \u201cCharacterization and scalable modeling of power semiconductors for optimized design of traction inverters with si- and sic-devices,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol.\u00a029, no.\u00a05, pp.\u00a02238\u20132245, 2014.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2013.2294682"},{"key":"1129_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N.\u00a0Oswald, P.\u00a0Anthony, N.\u00a0McNeill, and B.\u00a0H. Stark, \u201cAn experimental investigation of the tradeoff between switching losses and emi generation with hard-switched all-si, si-sic, and all-sic device combinations,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol.\u00a029, no.\u00a05, pp.\u00a02393\u20132407, 2014.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2013.2278919"},{"key":"1129_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.\u00a0Keller, M.\u00a0Maier, T.\u00a0Petri, and N.\u00a0Parspour, \u201cModelling the dynamic voltage distribution in electric traction motor windings,\u201d 2022.","DOI":"10.1109\/SPEEDAM53979.2022.9842170"},{"key":"1129_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X.\u00a0Ju, Y.\u00a0Cheng, M.\u00a0Yang, S.\u00a0Cui, A.\u00a0Sun, X.\u00a0Liu, and M.\u00a0He, \u201cVoltage stress calculation and measurement for hairpin winding of ev traction machines driven by sic mosfet,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol.\u00a069, no.\u00a09, pp.\u00a08803\u20138814, 2022.","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2021.3116577"},{"key":"1129_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E.\u00a0Preci, S.\u00a0Nuzzo, D.\u00a0Barater, D.\u00a0Gerada, M.\u00a0Degano, G.\u00a0Buticchi, and C.\u00a0Gerada, \u201cModelling of voltage distribution within hairpin windings,\u201d pp.\u00a01\u20136, 2021.","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON48115.2021.9589507"},{"key":"1129_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.\u00a0Pastura, S.\u00a0Nuzzo, D.\u00a0Barater, and G.\u00a0Franceschini, \u201cAnalysis of voltage distribution and connections within a\u00a0high-frequency hairpin winding model,\u201d pp.\u00a01642\u20131647, 2022.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEM51905.2022.9910681"},{"key":"1129_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G.\u00a0Berardi, S.\u00a0Nategh, and N.\u00a0Bianchi, \u201cInter-turn voltage in hairpin winding of traction motors fed by high-switching frequency inverters,\u201d vol.\u00a01, pp.\u00a0909\u2013915, 2020.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEM49940.2020.9270727"},{"key":"1129_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.\u00a0England and B.\u00a0Ponick, \u201cAutomatisierter Entwurf von Haarnadelwicklungen anhand von tabellarischen Belegungspl\u00e4nen,\u201d e + i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, vol.\u00a0136, pp.\u00a0159\u201367, 03\u00a02019.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00502-019-0709-9"},{"key":"1129_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.\u00a0England, B.\u00a0Dotz, and B.\u00a0Ponick, \u201cEvaluation of winding symmetry and circulating currents of hairpin windings,\u201d pp.\u00a01\u20138, 2021.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMDC47953.2021.9449604"},{"key":"1129_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G.\u00a0Venturini, M.\u00a0Carbonieri, L.\u00a0Di\u00a0Leonardo, and M.\u00a0Popescu, \u201cHairpin windings for traction machines: Analysis and comparison,\u201d pp.\u00a01655\u20131661, 2022.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEM51905.2022.9910905"},{"key":"1129_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Stockbr\u00fcgger, A.\u00a0Hoffmann, B.\u00a0Knebusch, J.\u00a0Dittmann, and B.\u00a0Ponick, \u201cAnalytische Ermittlung der Leiter-Leiter-Kapazit\u00e4t von Zweischichtwicklungen unter Ber\u00fccksichtigung des Zwischenschiebers zur Vorausberechnung der Potenzialverteilung in der St\u00e4nderwicklung umrichtergespeister elektrischer Maschinen,\u201d e + i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, vol.\u00a0138, pp.\u00a01\u20138, 03\u00a02021.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00502-021-00863-8"},{"key":"1129_CR14","unstructured":"H.\u00a0Kaden, Wirbelstr\u00f6me und Schirmung in der Nachrichtentechnik. 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Behrendt, J.\u00a0Dittmann, B.\u00a0Knebusch, and B.\u00a0Ponick, \u201cAn investigation into the trade-off between full machine and single-slot fem simulations for electrical machine modeling at high frequencies with respect to inter-wire couplings,\u201d pp.\u00a02242\u20132248, 2022.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEM51905.2022.9910591"}],"container-title":["e &amp; i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00502-023-01129-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00502-023-01129-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00502-023-01129-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T15:47:48Z","timestamp":1683560868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00502-023-01129-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00502-023-01129-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-383X","1613-7620"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-383X","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-7620","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 December 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}