{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T13:45:32Z","timestamp":1740145532512,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hochschule Flensburg University of Applied Sciences"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Elektrotech. Inftech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first of a\u00a0series of papers on novel methods for the calculation of eddy current losses in permanent magnets (PMs) and the shortcomings of previously conducted analyses. Eddy current losses in PMs and their mitigation are significant factors when designing inverter-fed electric drives. Especially with the need for drives with high power density, a\u00a0trend toward increased rotational speeds and, therefore, higher fundamental frequencies and inverter switching frequencies are observable. Higher harmonic frequency components of concentrated windings and fractional slot windings are widely taken into account when designing rare sintered earth magnets for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). However, inverter-related losses are rarely simulated in Finite Element Method (FEM) co-simulations and can contribute as a\u00a0major factor to the power losses in PMSMs. In the worst case, this neglection can lead to the thermal demagnetization of the permanent magnets. Segmentation provides an effective measure to limit eddy current losses. However, not every kind of segmentation proves effective in a\u00a0drive application. Depending on the frequency behavior of the magnetic flux in a\u00a0permanent magnet, segmentation can increase eddy current losses within the magnet compared to a\u00a0non-segmented magnet. This behavior is due to the reaction to the flux caused by the eddy currents within the magnet. The reaction of the eddy currents is often neglected\u00a0[1, 2], and, in other cases, the vicinity of ferromagnetic material is neglected in analytical calculations\u00a0[3] but proves crucial for the exact calculation of higher frequency losses [4, 5]. In this paper, an analytical solution to calculate harmonic eddy current losses in permanent magnets, including the reaction flux with homogeneous excitation, is given.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00502-023-01147-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T06:01:46Z","timestamp":1691474506000},"page":"488-496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lumped model for the calculation of harmonic eddy current losses in permanent magnets for homogeneous flux distributions considering eddy current reaction flux","Berechnungsmethodik f\u00fcr Wirbelstromverluste in Permanentmagneten bei homogenen Feldverteilungen auf Basis konzentrierter Ersatzelemente unter Ber\u00fccksichtigung von R\u00fcckwirkungseffekten"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"140","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4252-9610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mike","family":"K\u00f6nigs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5104-1441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernd","family":"L\u00f6hlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"1147_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11253","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2019.2895679","volume":"34","author":"J Ou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ou\u00a0J, Liu\u00a0Y, Liang\u00a0D, Doppelbauer\u00a0M (2019) Investigation of PM Eddy current loss in surface-mounted PM motors caused by PWM. IEEE Trans Power Electron 34(11):11253\u201311263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPEL.2019.2895679","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Electron"},{"issue":"5","key":"1147_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2007.904397","volume":"43","author":"JD Ede","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ede\u00a0JD, Atallah\u00a0K, Jewell\u00a0GW, Wang\u00a0JB, Howe\u00a0D (2007) Effect of axial segmentation of permanent magnets on rotor loss in modular permanent-magnet Brushless machines. IEEE Trans on Ind Applicat 43(5):1207\u20131213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIA.2007.904397","journal-title":"IEEE Trans on Ind Applicat"},{"issue":"10","key":"1147_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4756","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2009.2024159","volume":"45","author":"K Yamazaki","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yamazaki\u00a0K, Shina\u00a0M, Kanou\u00a0Y, Miwa\u00a0M, Hagiwara\u00a0J (2009) Effect of Eddy current loss reduction by segmentation of magnets in synchronous motors: difference between interior and surface types. IEEE Trans Magn 45(10):4756\u20134759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMAG.2009.2024159","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Magn"},{"issue":"2","key":"1147_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7508404","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2019.2953110","volume":"56","author":"R Sahu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sahu\u00a0R, Pellerey\u00a0P, Laskaris\u00a0K (2020) Eddy current loss model unifying the effects of reaction field and non-homogeneous 3\u2011D magnetic field. IEEE Trans Magn 56(2):7508404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMAG.2019.2953110","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Magn"},{"key":"1147_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hullmann\u00a0M, Ponick\u00a0B (2022) General analytical description of the effects of segmentation on Eddy current losses in rectangular magnets.  ICEM 2022 \u2013 International Conference on Electrical Machines. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICEM51905.2022.9910629","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEM51905.2022.9910629"},{"issue":"8","key":"1147_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3114","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2009.2018621","volume":"45","author":"S Ruoho","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ruoho\u00a0S, Santa-Nokki\u00a0T, Kolehmainen\u00a0J, Arkkio\u00a0A (2009) Modeling magnet length in 2\u2011D finite-element analysis of electric machines. IEEE Trans Magn 45(8):3114\u20133120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMAG.2009.2018621","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Magn"},{"key":"1147_CR7","volume-title":"Hysteresis in Magnetism","author":"G Bertotti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bertotti\u00a0G (1998) Hysteresis in Magnetism, 1st Edition, Academic Press","edition":"1"},{"issue":"1","key":"1147_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1109\/20.43994","volume":"24","author":"G Bertotti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bertotti\u00a0G (1998) General properties of power losses in soft magnetic materials. IEEE Trans Magn 24(1):621\u2013630","journal-title":"IEEE Transaction on Magnetics"}],"container-title":["e &amp; i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00502-023-01147-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00502-023-01147-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00502-023-01147-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T11:12:04Z","timestamp":1692184324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00502-023-01147-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00502-023-01147-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-383X","1613-7620"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0932-383X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1613-7620"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 June 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}