{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T17:56:21Z","timestamp":1773856581933,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,10]],"date-time":"2006-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput & Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-005-0022-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,9]],"date-time":"2006-01-09T08:26:08Z","timestamp":1136795168000},"page":"154-163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Artificial neural networks and bankruptcy forecasting: a state of the art"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Muriel","family":"Perez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"22_CR2","unstructured":"Alici Y (1994) Neural networks in corporate failure prediction: the UK experience"},{"key":"22_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4266(94)90007-8","volume":"18","author":"EI Altman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Altman EI, Marco G, Varetto F (1994) Corporate distress diagnosis: comparisons using linear discriminant analysis and neural networks (the Italian experience). J Banking Finance 18:505\u2013529","journal-title":"J Banking Finance"},{"key":"22_CR4","unstructured":"Bardos M et Zhu W (1997) Comparaison de l\u2019analyse discriminante lin\u00e9aire et des r\u00e9seaux de neurones: application \u00e0 la d\u00e9tection de d\u00e9faillance d\u2019entreprises, Revue de Statistique Appliqu\u00e9e 45(4)"},{"key":"22_CR5","unstructured":"Blayo F et Verleysen M (1996) Les r\u00e9seaux de neurones artificiels, collection Que-sais-je ?, PUF"},{"issue":"4","key":"22_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/0957-4174(95)00020-8","volume":"9","author":"JE Boritz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Boritz JE, Kennedy DB (1995), Effectiveness of neural network types for prediction of business failure. Expert Syst Appl 9(4):503\u2013512","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"22_CR9","unstructured":"Casta JF et Prat B (1994) Approche connexionniste de la classification des entreprises: contribution au traitement d\u2019informations incompl\u00e8tes. Congr\u00e8s de l\u2019Association Fran\u00e7aise de Comptabilit\u00e9, Paris IX Dauphine"},{"key":"22_CR10","unstructured":"Casta JF et Zerbib JP (1979) Pr\u00e9voir la d\u00e9faillance des entreprises ?, Revue Fran\u00e7aise de Comptabilit\u00e9, Octobre, pp 506\u2013527"},{"key":"22_CR11","unstructured":"Coats PK, Fant LF (1993) Recognizing financial distress patterns using a neural network tool, financial management. Autumn, pp 142\u2013155"},{"key":"22_CR12","unstructured":"Coleman KG, Graettinger TJ, Lawrence WF (1996) Neural networks for bankruptcy prediction: the power to solve financial problems, in NN in finance and investing: using AI to improve real-world performance TRIPPI\/TURBAN. Irwin Professional Publishing, revised 1996, pp 261\u2013266, premi\u00e8re parution dans AI review July, August 1991, pp 48\u201350"},{"key":"22_CR14","unstructured":"Cottrell M et Gaubert P (1998) Classification des ch\u00f4meurs r\u00e9currents et sorties de ch\u00f4mage, Journ\u00e9e ACSEG\u201998, Louvain-la-Neuve"},{"key":"22_CR16","first-page":"269","volume-title":"Neural networks, accounting numbers and bankruptcy prediction, Congr\u00e8s de l\u2019Association Fran\u00e7aise de Comptabilit\u00e9","author":"FC Almeida De","year":"1993","unstructured":"De Almeida FC, Dumontier P (1993) Neural networks, accounting numbers and bankruptcy prediction, Congr\u00e8s de l\u2019Association Fran\u00e7aise de Comptabilit\u00e9. Comptabilit\u00e9 et Nouvelles Technologies, Mai, pp 269\u2013286"},{"key":"22_CR19","unstructured":"Degos JG (1991) Le diagnostic financier de la PME: de l\u2019image \u00e0 l\u2019enjeu, Th\u00e8se, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux I"},{"key":"22_CR21","unstructured":"Dorsey RE, Edmister RO, Johnson JD (1995) Bankruptcy prediction using artificial neural systems, working paper. University of Mississipi, School of Business"},{"key":"22_CR22","unstructured":"Dumontier P (1990) Vices et vertus des mod\u00e8les de pr\u00e9vision de d\u00e9faillance, Papier de recherche N\u00b0 90\u201312, Universit\u00e9 de Grenoble II, CERAG"},{"key":"22_CR23","unstructured":"Erxeleben K, Koch H (1991) Fr\u00fcherkennung von Unternehmenskrisen-ein Vergleich von neuronalen netzen und Diskriminanzanalyse, working paper, Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Abteilung Wirtschaftsinformatik"},{"issue":"2","key":"22_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.2000.tb01633.x","volume":"31","author":"HL Etheridge","year":"2000","unstructured":"Etheridge HL, Sriram RS, Hsu HYK (2000) A comparison of selected artificial neural networks that help auditors evaluate client financial viability Spring 2000. Decis Sci 31(2):531\u2013550","journal-title":"Decis Sci"},{"key":"22_CR25","unstructured":"Fioleau B (1992), Efficacit\u00e9 et risque d\u2019exploitation: application aux entreprises du secteur agricole, Th\u00e8se de Sciences de Gestion, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Facult\u00e9s des Sciences Economiques"},{"key":"22_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00195855","volume":"63","author":"F T Girosi et Poggio","year":"1990","unstructured":"Girosi F et Poggio T (1990) Networks and the best approximation property. Biol Cybern 63:169\u2013176","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"key":"22_CR29","unstructured":"Hekanaho J, Back B, Sere K, Laitinen T (1998) Analysing bankruptcy data with multiple methods, working paper, Association for Artificial Intelligent"},{"key":"22_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(89)90020-8","volume":"2","author":"K Hornik","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hornik K, Stinchcombe M, White H (1989) Multilayer feedforward networks are universal approximators. Neural Netw 2:359\u2013366","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"22_CR31","unstructured":"Kerling M (1994) Corporate distress diagnosis: an international comparison, pp 407\u2013422"},{"key":"22_CR32","unstructured":"Kiviluoto K, Bergius P (1997) Exploring corporate bankruptcy with two-level self organizing map, decision technologies for financial engineering. In: Proceedings of the 13th international Congress on neural networks in the capital markets, NNCM\u201997"},{"key":"22_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-88163-3","volume-title":"Self organization and associative memory","author":"T Kohonen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kohonen T (1989) Self organization and associative memory. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York"},{"key":"22_CR36","unstructured":"Martin-del-Brio B, Serrano-Cinca C (1995) Self-organizing neural networks: the financial state of Spanish companies. In: Apostolos-Paul Refenes (ed) Neural networks in the capital markets, pp 341\u2013357"},{"key":"22_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mal\u00e9cot JF (1991) Analyses th\u00e9oriques des d\u00e9faillances d\u2019entreprises: une revue de la litt\u00e9rature, La revue d\u2019\u00e9conomie financi\u00e8re, N\u00b019, Hiver, pp 205\u2013226","DOI":"10.3406\/ecofi.1991.1746"},{"key":"22_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Odom A, Sharda R (1990) A neural network model for bankruptcy prediction. In: Trippi RR, Turban E (eds) Neural networks in finance and investing, Probus Publishing, pp 177\u2013186, originally presented at the IJCNN Meetings","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.1990.137710"},{"key":"22_CR38","unstructured":"Pedersen PE (1996) Validating a connectionist model of financial diagnosis decision technologies for financial engineering. In: Proceedings of the 4th international congress on neural networks in the capital markets NNCM\u201996, pp 138\u2013150"},{"key":"22_CR40","unstructured":"Poddig T (1992) Bankruptcy prediction: a comparison with discriminant analysis. In: Apostolos-Paul Refenes (ed) Neural networks in the capital markets, 1995, pp 311\u2013323"},{"key":"22_CR41","unstructured":"Raghupathi W, Schkade LL, Raju BS (1996) A neural network approach to bankruptcy prediction, NN in finance and investing: using AI to improve real-world performance TRIPPI\/TURBAN. Irwin Professional Publishing, revised 1996, pp 227\u2013241, premi\u00e8re parution dans. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 24th annual Hawaii international conference on systems sciences, 1991"},{"key":"22_CR42","unstructured":"Rahimian E, Singh S, Thammachote T, Virmani R (1996) Bankruptcy prediction by neural networks, neural networks in finance and investing: using AI to improve real-world performance TRIPPI\/TURBAN. Irwin Professional Publishing, revised 1996, pp 243\u2013255"},{"key":"22_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rumelhart DE, Hinton GE, Williams J (1986) Learning internal representation by error propagation, In: Rumelhart DE, McClelland JC, The PDP research group (eds) Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition, vol 1: foundations. The MIT Press, Cambridge","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5236.001.0001"},{"key":"22_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salchenberger LM, Cinar M, Lash NA (1996) Neural networks: a new tool for predicting thrift failures, NN in finance and investing: using AI to improve real-world performance TRIPPI\/TURBAN. Irwin Professional Publishing, revised 1996, pp 303\u2013327, premi\u00e8re parution in Decision Science Vol 23, N\u00b0 4, July\/August 1992, (899\u2013916)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1992.tb00425.x"},{"key":"22_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4266(81)90029-7","volume":"5","author":"J Scott","year":"1980","unstructured":"Scott J (1980) The probability of bankruptcy: a comparison of empirical predictions and theoretical models. J Banking Finance 5:317\u2013344","journal-title":"J Banking Finance"},{"key":"22_CR46","unstructured":"Shah JR, Murtaza MB (2000) A neural network based clustering procedure for bankruptcy prediction, American Business Review, June 2000, pp 80\u201386"},{"issue":"7","key":"22_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.38.7.926","volume":"38","author":"KR Tam","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tam KR, Kiang MY (1992) Managerial applications of neural networks: the case of bank failure prediction. Manage Sci 38(7):926\u2013947","journal-title":"Manage Sci"},{"key":"22_CR49","unstructured":"Tan CNW (1996) A study on using ANN to develop an early warning predictor for credit union financial distress with comparison to the Probit Model, neural networks in finance and investing: using AI to improve real-world performance, TRIPPI\/TURBAN. Irwin Professional Publishing, revised, pp 329\u2013365"},{"key":"22_CR51","unstructured":"Tilmont D (1998) Le pronostic de d\u00e9faillance des petites entreprises par r\u00e9seau de neurones, Colloque CIFPME, Nancy-Metz, 22\u201324 octobre 1998"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"22_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-8352(94)90330-1","volume":"27","author":"J Tsukuda","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tsukuda J, Baba SI (1994) Predicting Japanese corporate bankruptcy in terms in financial data using neural networks Comput Ind Eng 27(1\u20134):445\u2013448","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"22_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-8352(93)90300-M","volume":"25","author":"G Udo","year":"1993","unstructured":"Udo G (1993) Neural network performance on the bankruptcy classification problem. Comput Ind Eng 25(1\u20134):377\u2013380","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"22_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9236(94)90024-8","volume":"11","author":"RL Wilson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wilson RL, Sharda R (1994) Bankruptcy prediction using neural networks. Decis Support Syst 11:545\u2013557","journal-title":"Decis Support Syst"},{"key":"22_CR56","unstructured":"Wu X, Flitman A (1999) Using an evolutionary neural network to predict business failure, computational intelligence for modelling, control and automation. IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp 226\u2013231"},{"key":"22_CR57","unstructured":"Yang ZR, James H, Packer A (1997), The failure prediction of UK private construction companies, working paper. University of Portsmouth, Department of land and construction management"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-005-0022-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-005-0022-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-005-0022-x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,12]],"date-time":"2020-04-12T00:40:12Z","timestamp":1586652012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-005-0022-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]}},"alternative-id":["22"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-005-0022-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,10]]}}}