{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T18:30:20Z","timestamp":1788028220159,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]],"date-time":"2015-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput &amp; Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-015-1870-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,16]],"date-time":"2015-03-16T03:49:45Z","timestamp":1426477785000},"page":"495-513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2690,"title":["Multi-Verse Optimizer: a nature-inspired algorithm for global optimization"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Seyedali","family":"Mirjalili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Mohammad","family":"Mirjalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdolreza","family":"Hatamlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1870_CR1","volume-title":"Holland, adaptation in natural and artificial systems","author":"H John","year":"1992","unstructured":"John H (1992) Holland, adaptation in natural and artificial systems. MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"1870_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kennedy J, Eberhart R (1995) Particle swarm optimization. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on neural networks, pp 1942\u20131948","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1995.488968"},{"key":"1870_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2009.03.004","volume":"179","author":"E Rashedi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rashedi E, Nezamabadi-Pour H, Saryazdi S (2009) GSA: a gravitational search algorithm. Inf Sci 179:2232\u20132248","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"1870_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.585893","volume":"1","author":"DH Wolpert","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wolpert DH, Macready WG (1997) No free lunch theorems for optimization. IEEE Trans Evol Comput 1:67\u201382","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Evol Comput"},{"key":"1870_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01009452","volume":"34","author":"S Kirkpatrick","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick S (1984) Optimization by simulated annealing: quantitative studies. J Stat Phys 34:975\u2013986","journal-title":"J Stat Phys"},{"key":"1870_CR6","volume-title":"Stochastic local search: foundations and applications","author":"HH Hoos","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hoos HH, St\u00fctzle T (2004) Stochastic local search: foundations and applications. Elsevier, Amsterdam"},{"key":"1870_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0000(88)90046-3","volume":"37","author":"DS Johnson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Johnson DS, Papadimitriou CH, Yannakakis M (1988) How easy is local search? J Comput Syst Sci 37:79\u2013100","journal-title":"J Comput Syst Sci"},{"key":"1870_CR8","unstructured":"Mitchell M, Holland JH, Forrest S (1993) When will a genetic algorithm outperform hill climbing? In: NIPS, pp 51\u201358"},{"key":"1870_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/MCI.2006.329691","volume":"1","author":"M Dorigo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dorigo M, Birattari M, Stutzle T (2006) Ant colony optimization. IEEE Comput Intell Mag 1:28\u201339","journal-title":"IEEE Comput Intell Mag"},{"key":"1870_CR10","series-title":"International Series in Operations Research & Management Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-48056-5_9","volume-title":"Handbook of metaheuristics","author":"M Dorigo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dorigo M, St\u00fctzle T (2003) The ant colony optimization metaheuristic: algorithms, applications, and advances. In: Glover F, Kochenberger GA (eds) Handbook of metaheuristics. International series in operations research & management science, vol 57. Springer, US, pp 250\u2013285"},{"key":"1870_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10898-007-9149-x","volume":"39","author":"D Karaboga","year":"2007","unstructured":"Karaboga D, Basturk B (2007) A powerful and efficient algorithm for numerical function optimization: artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. J Glob Optim 39:459\u2013471","journal-title":"J Glob Optim"},{"key":"1870_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"086007","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.65.086007","volume":"65","author":"J Khoury","year":"2002","unstructured":"Khoury J, Ovrut BA, Seiberg N, Steinhardt PJ, Turok N (2002) From big crunch to big bang. Phys Rev D 65:086007","journal-title":"Phys Rev D"},{"key":"1870_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tegmark M (2004) Parallel universes. In: Barrow JD, Davies PCW, Harper CL Jr (eds) Science and ultimate reality: Quantum theory, cosmology, and complexity. Cambridge University Press, pp 459\u2013491","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511814990.024"},{"key":"1870_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.33.442","volume":"33","author":"DM Eardley","year":"1974","unstructured":"Eardley DM (1974) Death of white holes in the early Universe. Phys Rev Lett 33:442","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"1870_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1070462","volume":"296","author":"PJ Steinhardt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Steinhardt PJ, Turok N (2002) A cyclic model of the universe. Science 296:1436\u20131439","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1870_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1088\/0034-4885\/41\/8\/004","volume":"41","author":"PC Davies","year":"1978","unstructured":"Davies PC (1978) Thermodynamics of black holes. Rep Prog Phys 41:1313","journal-title":"Rep Prog Phys"},{"key":"1870_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1119\/1.15620","volume":"56","author":"MS Morris","year":"1988","unstructured":"Morris MS, Thorne KS (1988) Wormholes in spacetime and their use for interstellar travel: a tool for teaching general relativity. Am J Phys 56:395\u2013412","journal-title":"Am J Phys"},{"key":"1870_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6811","DOI":"10.1088\/1751-8113\/40\/25\/S25","volume":"40","author":"AH Guth","year":"2007","unstructured":"Guth AH (2007) Eternal inflation and its implications. J Phys A Math Theor 40:6811","journal-title":"J Phys A Math Theor"},{"key":"1870_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.newar.2005.01.003","volume":"49","author":"PJ Steinhardt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Steinhardt PJ, Turok N (2005) The cyclic model simplified. New Astron Rev 49:43\u201357","journal-title":"New Astron Rev"},{"key":"1870_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.771163","volume":"3","author":"X Yao","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yao X, Liu Y, Lin G (1999) Evolutionary programming made faster. IEEE Trans Evol Comput 3:82\u2013102","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Evol Comput"},{"key":"1870_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1080\/00207160108805080","volume":"77","author":"J Digalakis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Digalakis J, Margaritis K (2001) On benchmarking functions for genetic algorithms. Int J Comput Math 77:481\u2013506","journal-title":"Int J Comput Math"},{"key":"1870_CR22","unstructured":"Molga M, Smutnicki C (2005) Test functions for optimization needs. http:\/\/www.robertmarks.org\/Classes\/ENGR5358\/Papers\/functions.pdf"},{"key":"1870_CR23","unstructured":"Yang X-S (2010) Test problems in optimization. arXiv preprint: arXiv:1008.0549"},{"key":"1870_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang J, Suganthan P, Deb K (2005) Novel composition test functions for numerical global optimization. In: Proceedings 2005 IEEE swarm intelligence symposium, 2005. SIS 2005, pp 68\u201375","DOI":"10.1109\/SIS.2005.1501604"},{"key":"1870_CR25","unstructured":"Suganthan PN, Hansen N, Liang JJ, Deb K, Chen Y, Auger A, Tiwari S (2005) Problem definitions and evaluation criteria for the CEC 2005 special session on real-parameter optimization. In: KanGAL report, vol 2005"},{"key":"1870_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2011.02.002","volume":"1","author":"J Derrac","year":"2011","unstructured":"Derrac J, Garc\u00eda S, Molina D, Herrera F (2011) A practical tutorial on the use of nonparametric statistical tests as a methodology for comparing evolutionary and swarm intelligence algorithms. Swarm Evol Comput 1:3\u201318","journal-title":"Swarm Evol Comput"},{"key":"1870_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2012.09.002","volume":"9","author":"S Mirjalili","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mirjalili S, Lewis A (2013) S-shaped versus V-shaped transfer functions for binary particle swarm optimization. Swarm Evol Comput 9:1\u201314","journal-title":"Swarm Evol Comput"},{"key":"1870_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2013.12.007","volume":"69","author":"S Mirjalili","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mirjalili S, Mirjalili SM, Lewis A (2014) Grey Wolf Optimizer. Adv Eng Softw 69:46\u201361","journal-title":"Adv Eng Softw"},{"key":"1870_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2015.01.010","volume":"83","author":"S Mirjalili","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mirjalili S (2015) The ant lion optimizer. Adv Eng Softw 83:80\u201398. doi: 10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2015.01.010","journal-title":"Adv Eng Softw"},{"key":"1870_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2005.02.003","volume":"176","author":"F Bergh van den","year":"2006","unstructured":"van den Bergh F, Engelbrecht A (2006) A study of particle swarm optimization particle trajectories. Inf Sci 176:937\u2013971","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"1870_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1080\/02630250008970288","volume":"17","author":"A Carlos","year":"2000","unstructured":"Carlos A, Coello C (2000) Constraint-handling using an evolutionary multiobjective optimization technique. Civil Eng Syst 17:319\u2013346","journal-title":"Civil Eng Syst"},{"key":"1870_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.2514\/3.10834","volume":"29","author":"K Deb","year":"1991","unstructured":"Deb K (1991) Optimal design of a welded beam via genetic algorithms. AIAA J 29:2013\u20132015","journal-title":"AIAA J"},{"key":"1870_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-7825(99)00389-8","volume":"186","author":"K Deb","year":"2000","unstructured":"Deb K (2000) An efficient constraint handling method for genetic algorithms. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 186:311\u2013338","journal-title":"Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng"},{"key":"1870_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2006.873185","volume":"36","author":"RA Krohling","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krohling RA, dos Santos Coelho L (2006) Coevolutionary particle swarm optimization using Gaussian distribution for solving constrained optimization problems. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part B Cybern 36:1407\u20131416","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part B Cybern"},{"key":"1870_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2004.09.007","volume":"194","author":"KS Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee KS, Geem ZW (2005) A new meta-heuristic algorithm for continuous engineering optimization: harmony search theory and practice. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 194:3902\u20133933","journal-title":"Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng"},{"key":"1870_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3438995","volume":"98","author":"K Ragsdell","year":"1976","unstructured":"Ragsdell K, Phillips D (1976) Optimal design of a class of welded structures using geometric programming. ASME J Eng Ind 98:1021\u20131025","journal-title":"ASME J Eng Ind"},{"issue":"2","key":"1870_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2912596","volume":"112","author":"E Sandgren","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sandgren E (1990) Nonlinear integer and discrete programming in mechanical design optimization. J Mech Des 112(2):223\u2013229. doi: 10.1115\/1.2912596","journal-title":"J Mech Des"},{"issue":"4","key":"1870_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2014.03.018","volume":"53","author":"AH Gandomi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gandomi AH (2014) Interior search algorithm (ISA): a novel approach for global optimization. ISA Trans 53(4):1168\u20131183. doi: 10.1016\/j.isatra.2014.03.018","journal-title":"ISA Trans"},{"key":"1870_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2012.11.026","volume":"13","author":"A Sadollah","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sadollah A, Bahreininejad A, Eskandar H, Hamdi M (2013) Mine blast algorithm: a new population based algorithm for solving constrained engineering optimization problems. Appl Soft Comput 13:2592\u20132612","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"1870_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2919393","volume":"116","author":"B Kannan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kannan B, Kramer SN (1994) An augmented Lagrange multiplier based method for mixed integer discrete continuous optimization and its applications to mechanical design. J Mech Des 116:405\u2013411","journal-title":"J Mech Des"},{"key":"1870_CR41","first-page":"30","volume":"26","author":"K Deb","year":"1996","unstructured":"Deb K, Goyal M (1996) A combined genetic adaptive search (GeneAS) for engineering design. Comput Sci Inform 26:30\u201345","journal-title":"Comput Sci Inform"},{"key":"1870_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00366-011-0241-y","volume":"29","author":"AH Gandomi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gandomi AH, Yang X-S, Alavi AH (2013) Cuckoo search algorithm: a metaheuristic approach to solve structural optimization problems. Eng Comput 29:17\u201335","journal-title":"Eng Comput"},{"key":"1870_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2008.02.014","volume":"178","author":"M Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang M, Luo W, Wang X (2008) Differential evolution with dynamic stochastic selection for constrained optimization. Inf Sci 178:3043\u20133074","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"1870_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2009.08.031","volume":"10","author":"H Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu H, Cai Z, Wang Y (2010) Hybridizing particle swarm optimization with differential evolution for constrained numerical and engineering optimization. Appl Soft Comput 10:629\u2013640","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"1870_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1080\/03052150108940941","volume":"33","author":"T Ray","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ray T, Saini P (2001) Engineering design optimization using a swarm with an intelligent information sharing among individuals. Eng Optim 33:735\u2013748","journal-title":"Eng Optim"},{"key":"1870_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/03052150500066737","volume":"37","author":"J-F Tsai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tsai J-F (2005) Global optimization of nonlinear fractional programming problems in engineering design. Eng Optim 37:399\u2013409","journal-title":"Eng Optim"},{"key":"1870_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2006.11.033","volume":"188","author":"M Mahdavi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mahdavi M, Fesanghary M, Damangir E (2007) An improved harmony search algorithm for solving optimization problems. Appl Math Comput 188:1567\u20131579","journal-title":"Appl Math Comput"},{"key":"1870_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2006.03.003","volume":"20","author":"Q He","year":"2007","unstructured":"He Q, Wang L (2007) An effective co-evolutionary particle swarm optimization for constrained engineering design problems. Eng Appl Artif Intell 20:89\u201399","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"1870_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3615(99)00046-9","volume":"41","author":"CA Coello Coello","year":"2000","unstructured":"Coello Coello CA (2000) Use of a self-adaptive penalty approach for engineering optimization problems. Comput Ind 41:113\u2013127","journal-title":"Comput Ind"},{"key":"1870_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-0346(02)00011-3","volume":"16","author":"CA Coello Coello","year":"2002","unstructured":"Coello Coello CA, Mezura Montes E (2002) Constraint-handling in genetic algorithms through the use of dominance-based tournament selection. Adv Eng Inform 16:193\u2013203","journal-title":"Adv Eng Inform"},{"key":"1870_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deb K, Gene AS (1997) A robust optimal design technique for mechanical component design. Presented at the D. Dasgupta, Z. Michalewicz (eds) Evolutionary algorithms in engineering applications, Berlin","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-03423-1_27"},{"key":"1870_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/03081070701303470","volume":"37","author":"E Mezura-Montes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mezura-Montes E, Coello CAC (2008) An empirical study about the usefulness of evolution strategies to solve constrained optimization problems. Int J Gen Syst 37:443\u2013473","journal-title":"Int J Gen Syst"},{"key":"1870_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruc.2006.11.020","volume":"85","author":"L Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li L, Huang Z, Liu F, Wu Q (2007) A heuristic particle swarm optimizer for optimization of pin connected structures. Comput Struct 85:340\u2013349","journal-title":"Comput Struct"},{"key":"1870_CR54","first-page":"155","volume":"27","author":"A Kaveh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kaveh A, Talatahari S (2010) An improved ant colony optimization for constrained engineering design problems. Eng Comput Int J Comput Aided Eng 27:155\u2013182","journal-title":"Eng Comput Int J Comput Aided Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"1870_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0207(19960315)39:5<829::AID-NME884>3.0.CO;2-U","volume":"39","author":"H Chickermane","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chickermane H, Gea HC (1996) Structural optimization using a new local approximation method. Int J Numer Methods Eng 39(5):829\u2013846","journal-title":"Int J Numer Methods Eng"},{"key":"1870_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruc.2014.03.007","volume":"139","author":"M-Y Cheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheng M-Y, Prayogo D (2014) Symbiotic organisms search: a new metaheuristic optimization algorithm. Comput Struct 139:98\u2013112","journal-title":"Comput Struct"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-015-1870-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-015-1870-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-015-1870-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T22:21:19Z","timestamp":1559082079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-015-1870-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1870"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-015-1870-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]]}}}